Arsitektur Komputer

Pertemuan - 1
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? Apa Tujuan Belajar Arsitektur Komputer

By

1. Mengetahui tentang matakuliah CPU

Arsitektur
2. Mengetahui
hubungan
antara
CPU
Arsitektur dengan matakuliah lain
3. Dapat
mengikuti
dan
memahami
perkembangan CPU
4. Mengetahui materi yang akan dipelajari
pada matakuliah CPU Arsitektur
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Apa ? Dan Apa?

By

CPU Arsitektur
Ilmu yang mempelajari tentang struktur dan
fungsi dari CPU.

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Mempelajari tentang bagaimana CPU melakukan

pekerjaannya
Mempelajari tentang bagaimana CPU berhubugan
dengan peralatan yang lain dalam menjalankan
tugasnya.
Mempelajari tentang komponen-komponen apa
saja yang ada di dalam CPU
Memeplajari bagaimana cara mengatur kerja
masing-masing komponen sehingga dapat
berfungsi dengan baik

Aristektur ? Vs Organisasi ?

By

Matakuliah CPU Arsitektur merupakan

kelanjutan dari matakuliah Organisasi
Komputer yang sudah diperlajari pada
semester sebelumnya.
Matakuliah Organisasi komputer yang
dipelajari adalah komputer secara
keseluruhan.
Matakuliah CPU Arsitektur yang
dipelajari lebih terfokus pada CPU
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Bagian dari CPU itu sendiri Apa ?

By

System
Bus

ra

Internal CPU
Interconnection

Ne

Memory

CPU

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Page 5 / 349

I/O

Arithmetic
and
Login Unit

Registers

He

Computer

CPU

Gambar CPU

Control
Unit

Sistem mikroprosesor

mikroprosesor

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Sistem mikrokomputer

? E

mbedded

? Belajar
Mencontoh
punya teman

Kuliah dikelas

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He

Perpustakaan

Praktek

Belajar kelompok

1.1. Sejarah Microprosesor

By

Setiap komputer didalamnya pasti terdapat

mikroprosesor.
Mikroprosesor, dikenal juga dengan sebutan
Central Processing Unit (CPU) artinya unit
pengolahan pusat.
CPU adalah pusat dari proses perhitungan
dan pengolahan data yang terbuat dari
sebuah lempengan yang disebut "chip".
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Chip sering disebut juga dengan "Integrated Circuit

(IC)", bentuknya kecil, terbuat dari lempengan
silikon dan bisa terdiri dari 10 juta transistor

1.1. Sejarah Microprosesor

By

1971 = intel 4004

nd

He

1974 = Komputer di rumah adalah intel

8080
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hanya dapat digunakan untuk operasi

penambahan dan pengurangan.

Komputer 8 bit dalam satu chip yang

diperkenalkan pada tahun 1974.
1979 diperkenalkan mikroprosesor baru
yaitu 8088

1.1. Sejarah Microprosesor

Mikroprosesor pertama adalah intel
4004 yang dikenalkan tahun 1971
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Kegunaan mikroprosesor ini masih sangat

terbatas (operasi penambahan dan
pengurangan).
Pertama yang digunakan untuk komputer
di rumah adalah intel 8080
komputer 8 bit dalam satu chip yang
diperkenalkan pada tahun 1974.
Tahun 1979 diperkenalkan mikroprosesor baru
yaitu 8088

1.1. Sejarah Microprosesor

By

8088
80286
80486
Pentium
Pentium I, II, III
Pentium IV
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Perbandingan besar processor

Tahun
Keluar

Jumlah
Transistor

Micron

Clock speed

Data width

MIPS

8080

1974

6000

2 MHz

0,64

8088

1979

29.000

5 MHz

16 bits, 8 bit bus

0,33

80286

1982

134.000

1,5

6 MHz

16 bits

80386

1985

275.000

1,5

16 MHz

32 bits

80486

1989

1.200.000

25 MHz

32 bits

20

Pentium

1993

3.100.000

0,8

60 MHz

32 bits, 64 bit

100

Pentium II

1997

7.500.000

0,35

233 MHz

32 bits, 64 bit bus

400

Pentium III

1999

9.500.000

0,25

450 MHz

32 bits, 64 bit bus

1.000

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Sumber : www.intel.com

By

Page 12 / 349

Nama Prosesor

Keterangan Tabel
By

Transistor berbentuk seperti tabung yang sangat

kecil, terdapat pada Chip
Micron adalah ukuran dalam Micron (10 pangkat -6),
merupakan kabel terkecil dalam Chip
Clock Speed = kecepatan maksimal sebuah prosesor
Data width = lebar dari Arithmatic Logic Unit (ALU) /
Unit pengelola aritmatika, untuk proses pengurangan,
pembagian, perkalian dan sebagainya
MIPS = Millions of Instructions Per Second / Jutaan
perintah per detik

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Pebandingan besar Prosessor secara fisik

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* Dalam ukuran yang sama kapasitas dan kemampuan bertambah

1.2. Garis Besar Buku

By

Pengantar Arsitektur Komputer

Bab 1 ini merupakan pengantar keseluruhan isi buku, yang menjelaskan
apa itu komputer dan bagaimana arsitektur CPU sistem komputer.

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Aritmetika Komputer
Bab 2 menjelaskan dasar - dasar operasi data aritmetika. Meliputi
representasi bilangan integer dan bilangan dalam bentuk floating point.
Operasi aritmetika bilangan biner dan floating point juga dijelaskan
pada bab ini.
Set Instruksi
Bab 3 mengkaji format instruksi. Karakteristik mesin komputer dalam
menjalankan instruksi yang diberikan padanya. Mode pengalamatan
juga dijelaskan beserta contoh penerapannya pada komputer pentium.

1.2. Garis Besar Buku

By

Struktur dan Fungsi CPU

Dalam bab 4 ini difokuskan pada pembahasan organisasi prosesor dalam
menjalankan fungsinya. Internal CPU secara detail dijelaskan dalam bab ini,
meliputi organisasi register sebagai penyimpanan sementara internal CPU, juga
dijelaskan strategi pipelining instruksi - instruksi.

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Dukungan Sistem Operasi

Sistem operasi adalah program yang menjembatani antara perangkat keras
komputer dengan programmer dan program - program aplikasi yang digunakan
pengguna dijelaskan dalam bab 5 ini. Kajian meliputi penjelasan sistem operasi
dan manajemen memori
Reduced Instruction Set Computers (RISC)
Dalam bab 6 dijelaskan tentang tipe set instruksi terutama RISC. Dijelaskan juga
perbedaannya dengan tipe CISC. Tipe instruksi tersebut sangat berpengaruh
terhadap arsitektur mikroprosesor sebagai mesin eksekutornya.
Operasi Unit Kontrol
Bab 7 ini menerangkan tentang operasi kontrol prosesor dan unit - unit perangkat
keras.

Matakuliah Arsitektur Komputer

By

CPU Arsitektur adalah Ilmu yang

mempelajari tentang fungsi dan struktur
dari CPU
Matakuliah CPU Arsitektur merupakan
kelanjutan dari matakuliah Organisasi
komputer
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Page 17 / 349

Tugas !
By

Buatlah grafik tetang kecepatan

prosessor terhadap tahun keluar
Buatlah grafik tentang Jumlah transistor
terhadap tahun keluar
Buatlah grafik tetang lebar data
terhadap tahun keluar
Buatlah makalah tentang
perkembangan prosesor pada saat ini
t

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Referensi Buku :
By

Computer Organization and Architecture, William

Stalling, Fifth Edition, prentice Hall, 2000
Computer Organization Architecture, Andrew S.
Tanenbaum prentice Hall, 1999
Computer Organization, Hamacher, McGraw Hill,
1990
Applied Operating System concept, Avi
Silberschatz, peter Galvin, Greg Gagne, John
Wiley Inc 2000
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