HOMEWORK 2 SOLUTIONS, ‘The solutions are not inthe same orer as they oS a ‘Problem 1: The smooth circular bar rotates with constant angular velocity @ , about the vertical axis AB. Determine the angle 8 at which the slider of mass m will remain stationary relative to the circular bar. Solution Choose a coordinate system in the plane of the ring, with the y axis coincident with the axis AB and the origin at the center of the ring. The horizontal distance of the slider from the axis AB is x, The acceleration normal to the AB axis is a, =-o2x. The distance x = RsinB , from which a, = -02RsinB . The slider is constrained to move on the circular ring, and a” the component of a, tangential to the ring is a, cosB = -@2Rsin cosB. \ The component of the weight tangential to the ring is -mgsinB . From ‘i Newton's second law, -mgsinB = -mo 2ReosB sin. This is satisfied by »\ sin = 0, [B= 0, B= 7] when the acceleration normal to the AB axis is 6 zero, and by cosB = B= on for all other angles. Oo NA: The force exerted on a charged particle by a magnetic field is F = qi x B ,\where q and # are the charge and velocity of the particle, and B is the magnetic field vector. A particle of mags ‘m and positive charge q is projected at O with velocity # =v,i into a uniform magnetic field B Using normal and tangential components, show that: : the magnitude of the particle's velocity is Bo Solution (a) The force F = q{¥ x B). is everywhere normal to the velocity and the magnetic field vector on the particle path, Therefore the tangential component of the force is zero, hence from Newton's from second law the tangential component of the acceleration 2 which |»(¢) = C = vo], and the velocity is a constant. Since there is no component of force in the z~ direction, and no initial 2-component of the velocity, the motion remains in the x-y plane. The unit vector i is positive out of the paper in the figure; by application of the right hand rule the cross product 5x B is directed along a unit vector toward the instantaneous center of the path at every instant, from which F lén, where Z,, is a unit vector normal to the path. The normal component of the Ao acceleration is a, =~ where p is the radius of curvature of the path. From Newton's second 2 law, F = mid, from which -[F| = (2) ? Problem 3.58 continued on next page uyNA: ‘The magnitude of the cross product can be written as | x B| = vB, sin 2 2, from which the radius of curvature is Pp =voBo, since @ = 90° is the angle between # and B. From which: qv,B, = m5 Bo Since the term on the right is a constant, the radius of curvature is a constant, and the path is Bo Problem 2: A mass m is attached to a string that is wrapped around a fixed post of radius R. At 1 = 0, the object is given a velocity v, as shown. Neglect external forces on m other that the force exerted by the string, Determine the tension in the string as a function of the angle 8. Strategy: The velocity vector of the mass is perpendicular to the string. Express Newton's second law in terms of normal and tangential components. = L Solution Make a hypotheitical cut in a the string and denote the tension in the “0 aa RTE? part connected to the mass by 7. The .t & @ 2 iS acceleration normal to the path is ~~ f ee P NA: 11 Problem 3.59 determine 6 as a function of time. Solution Use the solution to Problem 3.59. The angular velocity is 2 = "2. From Problem 3.59, P p= L~R®, from which © = Separate variables: (L, —R@)d® = vedi . Integrate: (Z_~R)" LQ A 2 = vot, since 6(0) = 0. In canonical form 67 +268 +c = 0, where 1-8) 2vot &, and = ot The solution: @ “The angle increases with time, so the negative sign applies. Reduce: }@ Check: When RO = L,, the string has been fully wrapped around the post. Substitute to obtain: ||1- , from which 1, which is the value for impending failure as ¢ increases because of the imaginary square root. Thus the solution, behaves as expected. check —— =The 1/4 1B. slider A is pushed along the circular bar by the slotted bar. The circular bar rotates in the horizontal plane, The angular position of the slotted bar is @ = 10! rad . Determine the radial and transverse components of the total external force on A at { = 02 seconds, Solution The interior angle B is between the radius from O to the slider A and the horizontal, as shown in the figure. The interior angle formed by the radius from C to the slider A and the line from O to the slider is B -6 . The angle B is found by applying the law of Problem 3: sines: a aba) from which sin = sin(B-@) which is satisfied by B = 28. The radial distance of the slider from the hinge r 2 sin20 tis also found from the sine law: ————— = ——— , from which r = 4c0s0 . The point is ind Some ec a Sng? ftom which 7 = 4cos 2, 2 radial component of the acceleration is.a, = 4" (2) The derivatives: & £ (tor?) = 201 dt~ it dt dt 2% 2, spo $ ~ ~4sina('2) = -(osine) a 80sin@ ~(1600cos®)1? . Substitute: 80sin( 101?) —(1600c0s{ 107")? ~(4e05{10/4)\(201)"] = 1490 ft/s? 02 Problem 3: continued on next page 125=O: continuation of Problem 3: From Newton's second law, the radial component of the external force is | F, 158 Jb) #2) ,{2)2) seine dt’ dt \ dt (4 cos(1072))(20) +2(-80sin(a oF oe). = 2384 ft/s?. The transverse (Zs = 0185 15} g& aos = The transverse acceleration is a9 (20 hoa = [4 component of the extemal force is | Fg NA: an Problem 3.75, suppose that the circular bar lies in the vertical plane. Determine the radial and transverse components of the total force exerted on A by the circular and slotted bars at 1=025 seconds. Solution Assume that the orientation in the vertical plane is such that the @ = 0 line is horizontal. Use the solution to Problem 3.75. For positive values of @ the radial component of acceleration due to gravity acts toward the origin , which by definition is the same direction as the radial acceleration. The transverse component of the acceleration due to gravity acts in the same direction as the transverse acceleration, From which the components of the acceleration due to gravity in the radial and transverse directions are g, = gsin@ and go = gcos®. These are to be added to the radial and transverse components of acceleration due to the motion. From Problem 3.75, @ = 101? rad r]y-oas = [-80sind ~ (1600080)? = (40080)(204)"] ons = 209 / s?, From Newton's second law Ir for the radial component F, ~ mgsin9 = (4. from which F, = -1478 15 The transverse & component of the acceleration is (from Problem 3.75) [9], 02s = [(4e080)(20) + 2(-80sind)(2)(20)(7)], ‘transverse component Fy ~ mgcos0 = (Zo. from which [Fo = -02025 16 g 52.14 fi /s?, From Newton's second law for = O= = 126= = <: Problem As the smooth bar rotates in the horizontal plane, the string winds up on the fixe cylinder and draws the 1 kg collar A inward. The bar starts from rest at ¢ = 0 in the position shown ma rotates with constant acceleration, What is the tension at ¢=1 5? Solution The angular velocity of the spool relative to the bar is a = 6 rad/s?- The acceleration of the collar relative to the bar is @r we ‘Ro. = -0,05(6) = -0.3 m/s? The take up velocity of the spool is J Raat = -0.05(6)f = ~0.31 m/s. The velocity of the collar relative to the bar is ¢ = 03 m/s. The position of the collar relative to the bar is r= ~0157 +04 mThe angular acceleration of the collar is A rad/s? The angular velocity of the collar is a 6t rad/s. The 2 radial acceleration is a, = (2) acceleration is a, = -9.3 m/s”, and the tension in the string is 7} = ba, | 03-(-0151? +04)(61)*. At r= 15 the radial 93N] Problem 3.107 In Problem 3.106, supp. = and the bar is j1y = - Solution Use the sw. 20 far @)) Gaoale q N= NJ +(mg)? From News own! Qrare from which -7+ 144 +(mg)” = ma, . From the solution to Problem 3,106, a, =-93 m/s?. Solve: The tension is [T=11306 V] 140EEE DES APS BANE OY Starts at 1 Boing 15 ft/s, what distance b does he travel through the air? Solution Use the solution to Problem 4.128, The distance b = (2 €088 finpact » Where zh cs 1) a v= bP +2gh . Numerical values are: = 5/2, @ = 5°, WF sin hy =10ft, 4) =15 8/5. Substituting, [b= 3117605312 Problem = = — = The 1 Ag collar is attached to the linear spring (& = S00 N/m) by a string. The collar starts from rest in the position shown, and the initial tension in the spring is 100 N: What distance does the collar slide up the smooth bar? ” = 02 m. The potential Solution The deflection of the spring is $ energy of the spring is Ving = — KS? The energy condition after the collar starts sliding is V, ‘prin zm +mgh. At the maximum height, the Vepring __ ke velocity is zero, from which |h = 2" = 5? = 102 m| mg 2mg NA: The y axis is vertical and the curved bar is smooth, If the magnitude of the velocity of the 4 1b slider is 6 jis at position 1, what is the magnitude of the velocity when it reaches position 2” Solution Choose the datum at position 2. At position 2, the energy i conditionis 4”)? ym=1(”\.2. where m 2\g 2\g , from which oe? +26(2) = 1283 1/5 In Problem 4.131, determine the magnitude of the slider’s velocity if it is subjected nal force F = 3x7 ~2F (Jb) during its motion, Solution U=[ Far = Pers ffsede =[-2y]2 -2eT lo 4424 = 28 7-15. From the solution to Problem 4.131, the energy condition at position 2 is (2) +Wh+U = 32 }3 +, & g& 2, 6? +2642) +2808) 248 ft/s from which 196EEE DES APS BANE OY Starts at 1 Boing 15 ft/s, what distance b does he travel through the air? Solution Use the solution to Problem 4.128, The distance b = (2 €088 finpact » Where zh cs 1) a v= bP +2gh . Numerical values are: = 5/2, @ = 5°, WF sin hy =10ft, 4) =15 8/5. Substituting, [b= 3117605312 Problem = = — = The 1 Ag collar is attached to the linear spring (& = S00 N/m) by a string. The collar starts from rest in the position shown, and the initial tension in the spring is 100 N: What distance does the collar slide up the smooth bar? ” = 02 m. The potential Solution The deflection of the spring is $ energy of the spring is Ving = — KS? The energy condition after the collar starts sliding is V, ‘prin zm +mgh. At the maximum height, the Vepring __ ke velocity is zero, from which |h = 2" = 5? = 102 m| mg 2mg NA: The y axis is vertical and the curved bar is smooth, If the magnitude of the velocity of the 4 1b slider is 6 jis at position 1, what is the magnitude of the velocity when it reaches position 2” Solution Choose the datum at position 2. At position 2, the energy i conditionis 4”)? ym=1(”\.2. where m 2\g 2\g , from which oe? +26(2) = 1283 1/5 In Problem 4.131, determine the magnitude of the slider’s velocity if it is subjected nal force F = 3x7 ~2F (Jb) during its motion, Solution U=[ Far = Pers ffsede =[-2y]2 -2eT lo 4424 = 28 7-15. From the solution to Problem 4.131, the energy condition at position 2 is (2) +Wh+U = 32 }3 +, & g& 2, 6? +2642) +2808) 248 ft/s from which 196NA: If the coefficient of restitution is the same for both impacts, show that the cue ball's path after two banks is parallel to its original path, Solution ‘The strategy is to treat the two banks as two successive oblique central impacts. Denote the path from the cue ball to the first bank impact as CPI, the path from the first impact to the second as CP2, and the final path after the second bank as CP3, The cue ball velocity along CP1 is F4) =v 41gi +» 1yJ » and the angle is a ~ ow (aa] Yayl The component ¥4;,J is unchanged by the impact, The x component after the first impact is v4 = eV 41x, from which the velocity of the cue ball along path CP2 is : By =—ev axl +Va1y] . The angle is B = tan” (=). The x component of the velocity along path VAly Cp2 is unchanged after the second impact, and the y component after the second impact is V4sy = eV iy - The velocity along the path CP3 is F43 evict ~ eV ry), and the angle is y = tan” (=) = 0. The sides of the table at the two banks are at right angles; the angles “eV Aly [© =7phow that the paths CP1 and CP3 are anti-parallel. Problem 6A: The cue gives the ball A a velocity of magnitude 3 m/s. The angle B = 0 and the coefficient of restitution of the impact of the cue ball and the 8-ball is e = 1. If the magnitude of the 8- ball's velocity after the impact is 0.9 m/s, what was the coefficient of restitution of the cue ball's impact — with the cushion? (The balls are of equal mass.) Solution The strategy is to treat the two impacts as oblique central impacts, Denote the paths of the cue ball as P| before the bank impact, 2 after the bank impact, and P3 after the impact with the 8-ball. The velocity of the cue ball is Bap, = 3{F 00830" + jsin30”) = 267 +157 (m/s). The x component is e unchanged by the bank impact. The y component after impact is v 4p2 = -eV apy =—LSe, from which the velocity of the cue ball after the bank impact is ¥ 4p, = 2.67 —1Sef. At impact with the 8-ball, the x component is unchanged. The y component after impact is obtained from the conservation of linear momentum and the coefficient of restitution. The two equations are m 4V 4p2y = "™4¥ 4pay +™BV pry YBP3y ~ VAP) 4 and | = 23) " "APY For m4 =m, these equations have the solution v, l4P3y = 0 and VAP2y i Vep3y 4p; = 2.61 (m/s), and Fpp3 = ~15ej (m/s). The magnitude of the 8-ball velocity is 09 !4P2y» from which the velocities of the cue ball and the 8-ball after the second impact are 06 ¥gp3 = 0.9 m/s, from which |e = + 224<—: aa Problem 6B: What is the solution t. Problem 6 A: if the angle B = 10°? Solution Use the results of the solution «o Problem 5.63. The strategy is to treat the second collision as an oblique central impact about the line P when B = 10°. The unit vector parallel to the line P is (i sin10° - jcos10°) = 017367 - 0.98487 . The vector normal to the line P is &p Epp, = 0.98487 + 0.1736] . The projection of the velocity F.4p) =v 4p3@p + 4pyy@ pq. From the solution to Problem 5.63, #4p) = 2.67 — 15ej, from which the two simultaneous equations for the new components: 2.6 = 0.1736v 4p3 + 0.9848» gps, , and —1.5e = -0,9848v gps +0.1736¥ 45, (See Problem 5.45 for procedure to solve two-by-two systems.) Solve: v4p3 = 0.4512+1477e, ¥ 4p3n = 2.561 -0.2605e.. The component of the velocity normal to the line P is unchanged by impact. ‘The change in the component parallel to P is found from the conservation of linear momentum and the coefficient of restitution: m4v gps = m4V'ap3 + gv gps, and 1= ~BP3—AP3. For my = mg, these VAP3 equations have the solution v'zp5 = 0 and vpps = gps. From the value of vp; =09 m/s, i: 09-04512 0.9 = 0.4512+1477e, from which Je “a7 0304) Problem 6 C: What is the solution toProblem 6 A if B = 15° and the coefficient of restitution of the impact between the two balls is e = 0.97 Solution Use the solution to Problem 5.63. The strategy is to treat the second collision as an oblique central impact about P when B = 15°. The unit vector parallel to the line P is &p =(7sinis?- joosis*) = 0.25887 — 0.9659] . The vector normal to the line P is py = 0.9659i + 0.2588] . The projection of the velocity ¥4p) =V4p3ép +V4p3n@pq.. From the solution to Problem 5.63, 4p) = 2.67 ~15ej , from which the two simultaneous equations for the new components: 2.6 = 0.2588v 4p; + 0.9659 spyq, and ~15e = ~0.9659v 4p3 +0.2588v 4ps, . (See Problem 5.45 for general procedure to solve two-by-two systems.) Solve: v 4p, = 0.6724 + 1449e, V 4py = 251~0:3882e , The component of the velocity normal to the line P is unchanged by impact. The velocity of the 8-ball after impact is found from the conservation of linear momentum and the /ap3 — V'ap3 vars coefficient of restitution: m4v 4p3 = m4V‘gp3 +mgvVagps, and ey = , where ep = 09. For , 1 m4 = mg, these equations have the solution vgp3 = (3) +€B)v 4p3 = 0.95v 4p3. From the value of Vp; =09 m/s, 09= )95(0.6724 + 1.449e), from which [2 = 0.189...= 019) a 225