Solar Powered Arduino Weather Station

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SOLARPOWEREDARDUINOWEATHERSTATION bydeba168(/member/deba168/)
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13Steps
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DCtoDC
Converter
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(http://cdn.instructables.com/FRZ/M3QH/HZQTJTJF/FRZM3QHHZQTJTJF.LARGE.jpg)
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deba168
(/member/deba168/)
OpenGreenEnergy
(http://www.opengreenenergy.in/)
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Follow
IncountrylikeIndiamostofthepeoplearedependentonagriculture.For
(http://cdn.instructables.com/FQG/BEL8/HZS8WQ0Y/FQGBEL8HZS8WQ0Y.LARGE.jpg)
effectiveplanninginagricultureweatherforecastisofutmostimportance.So
farmersarealwaysinterestedintheWeatherForecasts.Asfarmersstayin
remoteareas,theyhavetowaitforthenewsupdatesinTV,RadioorNews
Papers.Unfortunatelythisweatherinformationisnottheaccuratedataoftheir
(http://cdn.instructables.com/FHY/96TK/HZS8WQ4L/FHY96TKHZS8WQ4L.LARGE.jpg)
1259
Bio: IamanElectricalEngineer.Iloveto
harvestSolarEnergyandmakethingsby
recyclingoldstuffs.Ibelievein""IFYOU
TRYYOUMIGHT,IFYOUDON'TYOU
WON'T""
Morebydeba168
localenvironmentratheritgivesdataofnearestweatherforecastingstation.
Beingasonofafarmer,Idecidedtomonitorthelocalweatherandinformtomy
fatherearlier.Sothathecantakeearlydecisionforhisfarm.
(/id/SMARTPOWER
Myweatherstationstypicallyconsistoftwomajorparts:
OUTLET)
1.Thesensorsthatsitoutsideandmeasuretemperature,humidity,rainfall,and
barometricpressure.ThisdataissendwirelesslythroughaRFtransmitter
moduletothedisplayunit.InamedtheentiremoduleasTransmittermodule.
(Tx).
(/id/DIYSOLARLIION
LIPOBATTERYCHARGER)
2.Thedisplayunitthatlivesinsideinaconvenientplacesoanyonecanread
theexternaltemperature,humidityetc.ItequippedwithaRFreceivertoreceive
datafromtransmittermodule.InameditasReceivermodule(Rx).
(/id/REUSEYOUROLD
LAPTOPBATTERYTOMAKEA
POWERBANK)
Boththemodulearerunbythearduinomicrocontrollers.
Tags:
Asthetransmittermoduleisdeployedinthefield,wehavetodealwiththepower
management.Itisimpracticaltorunalongcabletoprovidepowertothe
sensorslocation.Thisleavesrelativelyfewpracticaloptions.
1.ConnectingdirectlyanArduinoboardtoabattery.Thoughitsoundsgoodand
obviouslyitwouldwork,butyourbatterywouldbedepletedinamatterofdays
becausesomecomponentslikevoltageregulators,powerledandUSB
interfacingchipinthearduinoboardarealwaysdrawingpower.
Butnowadayshighcapacitybatterypacksarereadilyavailableinthe
market.Solarpanelsaregettingmoreefficientandcheaper.Addingaboost
converterinthecircuitsextracteverylastdropsofjuiceoutofbattery.
ARDUINO(/tag/typeid/categorytechnology/keywordarduino/)
SOLAR(/tag/typeid/categorytechnology/keywordsolar/)
LIION(/tag/typeid/categorytechnology/keywordli+ion/)
CHARGER(/tag/typeid/categorytechnology/keywordcharger/)
SLEEPMODE(/tag/typeid/categorytechnology/keywordsleep+mode/)
WEATHER(/tag/typeid/categorytechnology/keywordweather/)
STATION(/tag/typeid/categorytechnology/keywordstation/)
LCD(/tag/typeid/categorytechnology/keywordlcd/)
RF(/tag/typeid/categorytechnology/keywordrf/)
2.Puttingthearduinotosleepmode"toconsumeevenlesspower.
Youcanseeitinthestep11and12.
InthisguideIwillteachanewskillsonhowyoucanmakeasolarpowered
batterypackforyourarduinoandhowarduinopowerconsumptioncanbe
optimizebyputtingitintosleepmode.
Byusingtheabovetechniqueyoucanrunyoursensorrelatedoranyother
standalonearduinoprojectforalongtime.
Related
WirelessoutdoorArduino
weatherstationwithPC
loggingandGraphs
(/id/Wirelessoutdoor
Arduinoweatherstation
TheBedroomAutomation
Box(/id/TheBedroom
AutomationBox/)
bySaiyam(/member/Saiyam/)
watch+weatherstation
(/id/watchweather
station/)
Step1:PARTSANDTOOLSREQUIRED:
by1
(/member/%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B
DIYhandheldLEDlamp
(/id/DIYhandheldLED
lamp/)
byDushyanta
(/member/Dushyanta+/)
Miniweatherstationwith
Attiny85(/id/Miniweather
stationwithAttiny85/)
bydiy_bloke
(/member/diy_bloke/)
SeeMore(/tag/typeid/?q=)
(http://cdn.instructables.com/FLR/ZMOI/HZS9014S/FLRZMOIHZS9014S.LARGE.jpg)
(http://cdn.instructables.com/F7P/NT1B/HZS901EY/F7PNT1BHZS901EY.LARGE.jpg)
PARTS:
1.ArduinoUno(eBay(http://www.ebay.com/itm/UNOR3DevelopmentBoard
MicrocontrollerMEGA328PATMEGA16U2ArduinoCompat/271576308037?
pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item3f3b359945))
2.ArduinoNano(eBay(http://www.ebay.com/itm/USBNanoV30ATmega328
16M5VMicrocontrollerCH340GboardForArduino/311064700128?
pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item486ce6a4e0))
3.DHT11(eBay(http://www.ebay.com/itm/DHT11DHT11DigitalTemperature
andHumiditySensorTemperaturesensorArduino/400489574221?
pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item5d3f09ef4d))
4.RFtransmitterReceiverpair(eBay(http://www.ebay.com/itm/433MhzRF
transmitterandreceiverlinkkitforArduinoARMMCUremotecontrol
/180929057924?pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item2a20365484))
5.20x4LCDdisplay(eBay(http://www.ebay.com/itm/200420420x4Character
LCDDisplayModuleHD44780ControllerBlueBlacklight/400448319287?
pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item5d3c946f37))
6.LCDI2Cmodule(eBay(http://www.ebay.com/itm/IICI2CTWISPISerial
InterfaceBoardModulePortForArduino1602LCDDisplay/310565362720?
pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item484f235c20))
7.3.7VLiIonBattery/2AANiMhrechargableBattery(eBay
(http://www.ebay.com/itm/1pcs37V6000mAh18650LiionRechargeable
BatteryforFlashlightUltraFire/111455080979?
pt=US_Rechargeable_Batteries&hash=item19f33d9213))
8.BoostConverter(eBay(http://www.ebay.com/itm/MiniPFMControlDCDC
USB09V5Vto5VdcBoostStepupPowerSupplyModule/400345678301?
pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item5d367641dd))
9.LiIonBatterychargingboard(eBay(http://www.ebay.com/itm/New5VMini
USB1ALithiumBatteryChargingBoardChargerModuleIN45V55v
/170926767910?pt=Battery_Chargers&hash=item27cc077f26))
10.BatteryHolder(eBay(http://www.ebay.com/itm/1xBatteryHolderCase
boxfor11865017650Liionbatteryw6WireLead/151398119064?
pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item234007f698))
11.SolarPanel(eBay(http://www.ebay.com/itm/1PC16W55V266mAMini
SolarPanelModuleSystemEpoxyCellChargerDIY/261486100708?
pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item3ce1c940e4))
12.Resistor(10K)
13.Diode(IN4007)
14.Jumperwires/Wires
15.BreadBoard
16.22AWGsolidcorewire(formakingantenna)
17.Scotchmountingpadandtap
TOOLS:
1.SolderingIronandsolder
2.Gluegun
3.HobbyKnife
4.Drill
5.Wirecutter/Stripper
Step2:SOLARPOWER
(http://cdn.instructables.com/FZ4/6HVW/HZQTDNIG/FZ46HVWHZQTDNIG.LARGE.jpg)
(http://cdn.instructables.com/FWD/WD4I/HZQTDNNY/FWDWD4IHZQTDNNY.LARGE.jpg)
WhySolarPower?
The main draw back of battery operated device is that it will depleted after a
certaintime.Thisdrawbackcanbeeliminatedbyusinganaturalresourceslike
solar,windorhydroenergy.Themostobviousfreesourceofenergytorecharge
thebatteryissolarenergy.Itisarelativelysimple,cheapandrequiresveryless
skill.
Amongtherechargeablebatterynicklemetalhydride(NiMH)andLiIonbattery
arewidelyusedforbatteryoperateddevice.
FactsonBatteryCharging:
The thumb rule for charging Ni Mh batteries is 1/10th (commonly known as
C/10).Tochargethebatterypackat1/10thitsratedcurrentrequires16hoursof
chargetime(Youcanseethepicture).Thesolarpanelreceivesoptimalsunlight
foronlyfourhoursperday,from10a.m.to2p.m.Thus,atotallyidealsystem
wouldrequirefourdaystofullychargethebatterypack.
WhatisC/10?
Forexamplewehavea2xAAsized1300mAhbatterypackthatisratedat1.2
voltspercell.Withcellsinseries,ourpackoutputs2.4voltsand1300mAh.
HerecapacityC=1300mAh
C/10means1300/10=130mAh
Sotochargetheabovebatterypackweneedahighervoltage(2.4to3V)with
amaximumcurrentof130mAh.
AsperC/10ruleitrequires16hourstofullychargethebatterypack.
You must be ask,what will happen if we increase the current (>130mAh) ?No
doubtyourbatterywillchargefaster.Butthelifeofthebatterywillbereduce.So
myadviceistokeepthecurrentbellowtheC/10value.
Step3:HowtoChoosetherightsolarpanel
(http://cdn.instructables.com/F9D/MXGL/HZQTDNW0/F9DMXGLHZQTDNW0.LARGE.jpg)
The main source for powering the sensor module is solar panel.So it must be
abletoprovidecurrentforpoweringthearduinoaswellascurrenttochargethe
batterypackduringtheday.Aspermyexperienceitisthemostchallengingpart
foranoviceuser.
Don'tworrythesearethefollowingtrickswhichcanhelpyoutobuyarightsolar
panel.
1.Voltage:Choose1.5timesthebatterypackvoltage
2.Current:CurrenttakenbytheArduino+currentforcharging(shouldbe
Example:
Abatterypackismadeof2AANiMhbattery.
Batteryvoltage=1.2x2=2.4V
Sorequiredvoltageforsolarpanel=2.4x1.5=3.6V
Bytakingsomemarginwecanchoosea4Vsolarpanelforit.
Thesensormodulealongwitharduinotaking100mAhcurrent.
Batterycapacityis1300mAh
C/10=130mAh
Solarpanelhavetoprovidecurrent100mAhforarduinoalongwithacurrentnot
morethan130mAh.
Letstake100mAhforchargingthebattery
Totalcurrentrequired=100+100=200mAh
From the above calculation it is clear that we need a solar panel of 4V and
200mAh.
The following table shows the solar system configuration relationship between
storagebatteriesandminisolarpanels.
Battery>SolarPanel
1.2V>2V~2.5V
2.4V>3.5V~4V
3.6V>5V~6V
6V>7.5V~9V
12V>15V~18V
Note:Itisnotthestrictruleforchoosingtheexactratingsolarpanel,ratheritis
approximaterating.Iwriteaspermyexperience.
Step4:NiMhBatteryCharger:
(http://cdn.instructables.com/FQA/R37B/HZS901S2/FQAR37BHZS901S2.LARGE.jpg)
(http://cdn.instructables.com/FQO/0MLC/HZQTDOL5/FQO0MLCHZQTDOL5.LARGE.jpg)
Topoweraarduinoweneed5v.Therearetwooptions
1.Usea4AAbatterypack:
Totalvoltage=1.2Vx4=4.8V(nominal)butwhenitisfullycharge,voltageis
morethan5V.
Thisisnotefficient.
(http://cdn.instructables.com/F2Y/SEEK/HZQTEYLI/F2YSEEKHZQTEYLI.LARGE.jpg)
2.Use2AAbatterypack:
Totalvoltage=1.2Vx2=2.4V
Inthiscasewehavetoraisethevoltagelevelto5Vbyusingavoltagebooster
circuit.
Irecommendtousethispack.Itisreliableandefficient.
ChargingCircuit:
Standardsizednicklemetalhydride(NiMH)cellsneedsimplechargecircuit.
Youonlyneedasolarpanel,diode,thebatteries,andabatterycaseandwires.
4AAbatterypack
Solderthepositiveterminalofthesolarpaneltothepositiveterminalofdiode.
Solderthenegativeterminalofdiodetothepositiveterminalofbatterypack.
solderthenegativeterminalofthesolarpaneltothenegativeterminalofthe
batterypack.
Seetheabovepictureforsoldering.
2AAbatterypack
Asthebatterypackvoltageisnotsufficientinthiscase,wehavetousea
boostercircuittomake5Vforarduino.
Step5:BoostConverter
(http://cdn.instructables.com/FDI/Z3C2/HZQTEYSH/FDIZ3C2HZQTEYSH.LARGE.jpg)
(http://cdn.instructables.com/FXC/HF6D/HZQTEZ23/FXCHF6DHZQTEZ23.LARGE.jpg)
(http://cdn.instructables.com/FE7/27HW/HZQTGGCB/FE727HWHZQTGGCB.LARGE.jpg)
AboostconverterisaDCtoDCpowerconverter(likeastepuptransformerin
AC)withanoutputvoltagegreaterthanitsinputvoltage.
(http://cdn.instructables.com/FS6/E5M7/HZQTEZ3D/FS6E5M7HZQTEZ3D.LARGE.jpg)
Boostconverterusedinthisprojecthavefollowingspecification:
(http://cdn.instructables.com/F24/O732/HZQTGIJS/F24O732HZQTGIJS.LARGE.jpg)
>>Inputvoltage:0.9V5VDC
>>Transferefficiency:96%(max)
>>WithUSBport
>>Withworkingindicatorlight
>>withoneAAbatterypowersupplyoutputcurrentcanupto200~300mA,
(http://cdn.instructables.com/FKB/C1YM/HZQTEZCY/FKBC1YMHZQTEZCY.LARGE.jpg)
>>twoAAbatteriestotheoutputcurrentof500~600mA
You can buy it from eBay (http://www.ebay.com/itm/MiniPFMControlDCDC
USB09V5Vto5VdcBoostStepupPowerSupplyModule/400345678301?
pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item5d367641dd)
Adafruit have also designed a boost converter known as Minityboost
(http://www.adafruit.com/products/14)forUSBcharging.Youcanalsouseit.
Inourcasetheinputtotheboostconverteris2.4Vandoutputis5Vwhichis
sufficienttopoweraarduino.
Solderthe'+'terminalofboostconvertertothebatterypositiveterminal.
Solderthe''terminaloftheboostconvertertothebatterynegativeterminal.
Step6:LiIonBatteryCharger
(http://cdn.instructables.com/F38/PV2R/HZS901G8/F38PV2RHZS901G8.LARGE.jpg)
(http://cdn.instructables.com/FHZ/9VA9/HZQTEZIV/FHZ9VA9HZQTEZIV.LARGE.jpg)
(http://cdn.instructables.com/FO8/BGQT/HZQTEZOD/FO8BGQTHZQTEZOD.LARGE.jpg)
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Among the all charger what I have discussed earlier ,I like it most.This is the
mostpowerfulandefficientbatterypack.Theinterestingthingisthatyoucanuse
thisforcharginganyusbpoweredgadgetlikesmartphone,tablet,MP3etc.
IfyoulookatthePeriodicTable,youwillfindthatLithiumisonthefarleftinthe
firstcolumn,whereallthemostreactiveelementslive.
(http://cdn.instructables.com/FFP/LI5N/HZQTF3TP/FFPLI5NHZQTF3TP.LARGE.jpg)
Caution:
You must take certain precautions when dealing with Lithium Ion Batteries. In
order to maintain a very precise voltage when charging. The 3.7V batteries
we'reusinginthisguideneedtohaveachargingvoltageof4.2V.Avolthighora
(http://cdn.instructables.com/FCO/AHN0/HZQTF0I5/FCOAHN0HZQTF0I5.LARGE.jpg)
voltlowcanmeananoutofcontrolchemicalreactionwhichcanleadtodanger.
Don't worry a suitable Li Ion battery charge controller will solve the above
problem.
(http://cdn.instructables.com/F5Y/99LB/HZNYK2AG/F5Y99LBHZNYK2AG.LARGE.jpg)
LithiumBatteryChargingBoardusedinthisprojecthavefollowingspecification:
>>Current1Aadjustable.
>>Chargeprecision1.5%.
>>Inputvoltage4.5V5.5V.
>>Fullchargevoltage4.2V.
>>Ledindicatorredischargingblueisfullcharged.
>>InputinterfaceminiUSB.
>>Worktemperature10to+85.
You can buy it from eBay (http://www.ebay.com/itm/New5VMiniUSB1A
LithiumBatteryChargingBoardChargerModuleIN45V55v/170926767910?
pt=Battery_Chargers&hash=item27cc077f26)
CircuitConnection:
SoldertheInputpositiveterminalofboostconverter(redwire)andbatteryholder
positiveterminal(redwire)tothechargingboard'sBAT+.
Solder the Input negative terminal of boost converter(black wire) and battery
holdernegativeterminal(blackwire)tothechargingboard'sBAT.
The boost converter output is a USB terminal. For powering a bread board
circuit we need two wires for connection.So we have to modify something
accordingourrequirement.
Theusbhavefourterminals(5V,D,D+andGND).
Soldertheredandblackwiretothe+andrespectivelyasshownintheback
sideoftheboostconverter.
Note:Theboostconverterdonothaveanymarking.Sousemypictureduring
soldering.
Step7:TRANSMITTER
(http://cdn.instructables.com/FOO/DUZ1/HZS8SW73/FOODUZ1HZS8SW73.LARGE.jpg)
ThetransmittermodulecontaintheDHT11sensorwhichisarelativelycheap
(http://cdn.instructables.com/F5L/CXSH/HZQTDNDE/F5LCXSHHZQTDNDE.LARGE.jpg)
sensorformeasuringtemperatureandhumidityoftheenvironment.Itisgoodfor
2080%humidityreadingswith5%accuracyandfor050Ctemperature
readingswith2Caccuracy.
IorderedtheBarometricPressureSensor(BMP085)andrainfallsensorfrom
eBaytoforecastmoreweatherdata.ForthetimebeingIamhappywithonly
temperatureandhumidity.
TheweatherdataismeasuredbyDHT11,processedbyaArduinonano/bread
boardarduinoandtransmititwirelesslythroughaRFtransmitter.
(http://www.instructables.com/files/deriv/F5K/W6C2/HZS901YX/F5KW6C2HZS901YX.LARGE.jpg)
DHT11Connection:
DHT11sensorhave4pins:1>Vcc,2>Data,3>NC,4>GND
DHT11>ARDUINO
Vcc>5V
Data>D8
NC>Noconnection
GND>GND
Connecta10KresistorbetweenVCCandDatapinofDHT11
RFTransmitterConnection:
TheRFtransmitterhas3pins(VCC,DataandGND).
RFTransmitter>ARDUINO
VCC>5V
Data>D11
GND>GND
Note:AddaantennaintheRFtransmittertoincreasetherange.clickhere
(http://www.instructables.com/id/ARDUINOWIRELESSHOMESECURITY
SYSTEM/step9/HowtoIncreaseTheRange/)
Afterconnectingeverything,uploadtheTx_codeattachedbellow
Tx_code.txt
(/files/orig/FQS/YAB6/HZV3O6IZ/FQSYAB6HZV3O6IZ.txt)1KB
Step8:MAKEAENCLOSUREFORTxMODULE
(http://cdn.instructables.com/F37/WWSN/HZS9026L/F37WWSNHZS9026L.LARGE.jpg)
(http://cdn.instructables.com/FRU/BH4T/HZS8WGYL/FRUBH4THZS8WGYL.LARGE.jpg)
(http://cdn.instructables.com/FD2/A8TE/HZS8WII8/FD2A8TEHZS8WII8.LARGE.jpg)
ShowAll10Items
(http://cdn.instructables.com/FJW/6ZMB/HZS8WIBT/FJW6ZMBHZS8WIBT.LARGE.jpg)
Iusedaplasticboxfortransmittermoduleenclosure.
(http://cdn.instructables.com/FZJ/H0SR/HZS902CN/FZJH0SRHZS902CN.LARGE.jpg)
Makeaholeinthetopsideoftheplasticboxforinsertingwirefromthesolar
panel.
Makesmallholesinthesidewall(oppositeface)foringressoffreshair(to
measuretheaccuratedata).seethepics.
Placethechargingcircuit(madeearlier)insidethebox.
(http://cdn.instructables.com/FSY/5OET/HZS8WHCT/FSY5OETHZS8WHCT.LARGE.jpg)
Takeoutthewiresfromliionbatterycharger(IN+andIN)
Solderthepositiveterminalofsolarpaneltothepositiveterminalofdiodeand
negativeterminalofthediodetotheredwirefromthethecharger.
Soldertheblackwiretothesolarpanelnegativeterminal.
FormountingthesolarpanelandbatteryholderIusedskotchmountingpad.The
minibreadboardhaveinbuiltpadtostick.
Usetaptostickthewirefirmly.
Connectthe5V(+)andGND()terminalsofboostconvertertothebreadboard
redrail(+)andbluerail()respectively.
Totestitexposetosunlight,youwillseeredledinall(arduino,boost
converter,charging)theboardswillglow.
Step9:RECEIVER
(http://cdn.instructables.com/FBZ/F9SJ/HZS8SW5J/FBZF9SJHZS8SW5J.LARGE.jpg)
(http://cdn.instructables.com/FVC/EIPY/HZS8STJP/FVCEIPYHZS8STJP.LARGE.jpg)
ThereceivermodulereceivetheweatherdatabyaRFreceiveranditis
processedbyArduinoUNO.Theprocesseddataisdisplayedthrougha20x4
charLCDdisplay.Youcanalsochoosea16x2LCDalso.Themainreasonfor
usinga20x4charLCDisdisplayisthatIcandisplaylargenumberofweather
parameters.
IaddaI2CmoduletotheLCDforreducingthenumberofconnectionwith
arduino(requiresonly4wires).
(http://cdn.instructables.com/FE5/U8SD/HZS8STM1/FE5U8SDHZS8STM1.LARGE.jpg)
Ifyoudon'thaveaI2CmodulegotomytutorialonLCDtutorialforconnection
andexamplecode.
LCDconnection:
TheI2CLCDhaveonly4pins(GND,VCC,SDA,SCL)
LCD>ARDUINO
GND>GND
VCC>5V
SDA>A4
SCL>A5
RFreceiverConnection:
TheRFreceiverhas3pins(VCC,DataandGND).
RFReceiver>ARDUINO
VCC>5V
Data>D11
GND>GND
Note:AddaantennaintheRFreceivertoincreasetherange.clickhere
(http://www.instructables.com/id/ARDUINOWIRELESSHOMESECURITY
SYSTEM/step9/HowtoIncreaseThe
Range/http://www.instructables.com/id/ARDUINOWIRELESSHOME
SECURITYSYSTEM/step9/HowtoIncreaseTheRange/)
AfterconnectingeverythinguploadtheRx_codeattachedbellow
Rx_code.txt
(/files/orig/F3S/72IM/HZS8WTVS/F3S72IMHZS8WTVS.txt)3KB
Step10:MAKEAENCLOSUREFORRxMODULE
(http://cdn.instructables.com/FL2/SZ24/HZS8WLKU/FL2SZ24HZS8WLKU.LARGE.jpg)
(http://cdn.instructables.com/F8G/8IWZ/HZS8WLU9/F8G8IWZHZS8WLU9.LARGE.jpg)
(http://cdn.instructables.com/F3H/JTV2/HZS8WOR9/F3HJTV2HZS8WOR9.LARGE.jpg)
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Thereceiverenclosureiscardboardbox.
Marktheoutlineoflcdbyusingapencilormarker.
(http://cdn.instructables.com/FYT/UU3P/HZS902OL/FYTUU3PHZS902OL.LARGE.jpg)
Cutthemarkingportionbyusingahobbyknife.
Insertthelcdintothecuttingportionofthebox.
(http://cdn.instructables.com/F6S/7U9Y/HZS8WOIE/F6S7U9YHZS8WOIE.LARGE.jpg)
Hardgueonthebacksideofthelcdtoholditfirmly
(http://cdn.instructables.com/FFL/WELT/HZS8WP32/FFLWELTHZS8WP32.LARGE.jpg)
Placethebreadboardreceivermodulepreparedinthepreviousstep.
Iusea12Vdcadapterforpoweringthearduinouno.Makeaholeintheback
sideofthecardboardboxforinsertingthedcadaptercable.
Step11:POWEROPTIMIZATIONBYUSINGSLEEPMODE
(http://cdn.instructables.com/F94/NWFR/HZQTF21P/F94NWFRHZQTF21P.LARGE.jpg)
(http://cdn.instructables.com/FJY/2LJD/HZQTF1V4/FJY2LJDHZQTF1V4.LARGE.jpg)
Theweatherdatadoesnotchangefrequently.Sowecantakereadingatan
intervalof5mins.Aswearetakingreadingsatregularintervals,itisafantastic
(http://cdn.instructables.com/FWT/Q4DC/HZQTF2BM/FWTQ4DCHZQTF2BM.LARGE.jpg)
waytosavelotsofpower.Asystemwithappropriatesleepschedulescanrun
forseveralmonthsonjusttwoAAbatteries.WearesoluckythatArduinohas
(http://cdn.instructables.com/FB2/81UF/HZQTF2L2/FB281UFHZQTF2L2.LARGE.jpg)
severalsleepmodesthatcanbeusedtoreducepowerconsumption.
Thisismostusefulforanysensornetworks.Youcanusethistricksinanyof
yourstandalonesensorproject.
Aftersearchingthroughtheinternetforusingthesleepmodes,Ifoundasimple
(http://cdn.instructables.com/FEI/T88Q/HZS902PM/FEIT88QHZS902PM.LARGE.jpg)
butpowerfullibraryby
RocketScreamhasaLightweightLowPowerlibrarysupportsallAVRpower
downmodes.Eachmodehasanassociatedlibrarymethodthatletsyoucontrol
sleepdurationusingthewatchdogtimer.Foranoviceprogrammerlikemeitis
verysimpleandeasytouse.
HowtouseLowPowerLibrary:
1.DownloadthelibraryfromGitHub(https://github.com/rocketscream/Low
Power)
2.Extractthezipfiletothearduinolibraryinyourcomputer.
3.Importthelibraryinyourcode.
4.Writethefollowingonelinecodeforpowersaving.
"LowPower.powerDown(SLEEP_1S,ADC_OFF,BOD_OFF)"
Youcanalsopassdifferentargumentstoshutoffindividualperipherals.For
differentargumentandsleeptimereferthetableprovidedbyLightweightLow
PowerArduinoLibrary
(http://www.rocketscream.com/blog/2011/07/04/lightweightlowpowerarduino
library/).
examplecode:
#include"LowPower.h"
voidsetup()
{
//Nosetupisrequiredforthislibrary
}
voidloop()
{
//Sleepfor8swithADCmoduleandBODmoduleoff
LowPower.powerDown(SLEEP_8S,ADC_OFF,BOD_OFF)
//Dosomethinghere
//Example:readsensor,logdata,transmitdata
}
LetsuseitintheblinkcodeofarduinoIDEexample
Apply"LowPowerlibrary"inBlinkcode
#include"LowPower.h"//importthelowpoerlibrary
intled=13
voidsetup()
{
pinMode(led,OUTPUT)
}
voidloop()
{
digitalWrite(led,HIGH)
LowPower.powerDown(SLEEP_1S,ADC_OFF,BOD_OFF)//insteadof
delay(1000)
digitalWrite(led,LOW)
LowPower.powerDown(SLEEP_1S,ADC_OFF,BOD_OFF)//insteadof
delay(1000)
}
BeforeusingtheLowpowerlibrarycurrenttakenbyarduino
51.7mAwhenledisON
47mAwhenledisOFF
AfterusingtheLowpowerlibrarycurrenttakenbyarduino
34.93mAwhenledisON
31.73mAwhenledisOFF
Areyouhappytoreduce32.43%power??Heythereisstillroomtoreducethe
powerconsumption.
Yourarduinoboardhavedifferentpowersuckingcomponentslikepower
led,voltageregulatorandUSBinterfacechipwhichtakesmostofthepower
evenwhenitisidle.Forotheralternativesseethenextstep.
Step12:AlternativesforPowersaving
(http://cdn.instructables.com/FE1/WKXL/HZV3OLT8/FE1WKXLHZV3OLT8.LARGE.jpg)
(http://cdn.instructables.com/FPZ/CYYL/HZV3OLXA/FPZCYYLHZV3OLXA.LARGE.jpg)
(http://cdn.instructables.com/FP0/DLGO/HZV3OM5S/FP0DLGOHZV3OM5S.LARGE.jpg)
ShowAll7Items
>>Thesimplestmethodtoreducethepowerconsumptionisbypassingthe
(http://cdn.instructables.com/FKT/WBR8/HZV3ON2E/FKTWBR8HZV3ON2E.LARGE.jpg)
voltageregulatorintheArduinoboard.
Buyaseparateboostregulatorcircuitandconnectitsoutputtothe5voltpinon
theArduinoboard,whichbypassesthe5voltregulatoronboard.Thisprocedure
isusedinourproject.
(http://cdn.instructables.com/FVE/31HM/HZV3OM2D/FVE31HMHZV3OM2D.LARGE.jpg)
(http://cdn.instructables.com/FD5/JKT2/HZTOEMQZ/FD5JKT2HZTOEMQZ.LARGE.jpg)
>>usinga"barebones"boardinsteadofarduinoboard.
>>Disabletheunnecessaryled
>>Ifyoudonotneedtimeaccuracy,thenusetheAtmega328internal8MHz
crystalinsteadofaexternal16Mhzcrystal.
>>OperateAtmega328at3.3Vinsteadof5V
>>Turnoffsensorassoonaspossible
Toknowmoredetailsonarduinopowersavingtechniquesclickhere
ThemaximumpowersavingisdonebyusingaBarebonesboard.Byusinga
bareboneboardthepowerconsumptioncanbereducedtomicroampslevel
duringsleepperiod.Youcanseetheabovefigure.
Youcaneasilymakethisonabreadboardbyfollowingthelinksbellow:
1.ArduinoonaBreadboard(http://arduino.cc/en/Main/Standalone)
2.ArduinotoaMicrocontrolleronaBreadboard
(http://arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/ArduinoToBreadboard)
Makebarebonepcbboardbyfollowingthelinksbellow:
SingleSidedReallyBareBonesBoardArduinoinEAGLE
(http://www.instructables.com/id/SingleSidedReallyBareBonesBoard
ArduinoinEA/)
Iwillhighlyrecommendforthebareboneboardforanybatterydrivenprojects(
likesensors).
Step13:BatteryLifeEstimation
(http://cdn.instructables.com/FZP/VPY0/HZV3OM8F/FZPVPY0HZV3OM8F.LARGE.jpg)
(http://cdn.instructables.com/FKI/MTT0/HZV3OMBJ/FKIMTT0HZV3OMBJ.LARGE.jpg)
Thebatterylifecanbecalculatedbydeterminingtheaveragecurrentforthe
circuit.
Usethefollowinggeneralequationtocalculateaveragecurrent.
Iavg=(Ton*Ion+Tsleep*Isleep)/(Ton+Tsleep)
Ton(arduinoisactive)=250ms=0.25sandIon=16mA
(http://cdn.instructables.com/FAV/9FNO/HZV3ONGG/FAV9FNOHZV3ONGG.LARGE.jpg)
Tsleep=5min=300sandIsleep=200uA(approx)
Itisverydifficultmeasurethecurrentduringthesleepperiod.SometimeIgot
zeroreading.
Iavg=0.205mA
OperatingVoltage=5V
Pavg=VxIavg=5x.205=1.026mW
LiIonbatterycapacity=3000mAh
Batteryvoltage=3.7V
Power=3.7x3000=11100mWh
Batterylife=11100/1.026=10,818.7hours=15monthsapproximately
Fromtheabovecalculationitisclearthattheoreticallybyusingafullycharged
3000mAhLiIonbatterywecanrunthearduinofor15months.Inpracticaldueto
batteryselfdischargethisfiguremaybedifferent.
Asthesystemisequippedwithsolarchargingsystem,wecanrunforfewyears
withoutanyinterruption.
Ihopeyouenjoyedbyreadingmytutorial.Pleasecommentsifanymistake
found.
Thisprojectisenteredin3competitions,pleasevoteforme.
Thankyousomuch.
AutomaticWeather
Station
Wehaveabenicecommentpolicy.
Pleasebepositiveandconstructive.
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withcloudreportingsoftware
andapp
IMadeit!
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&sort=ACTIVE&limit=40&offset=40#DISCUSS)
marciokoko(/member/marciokoko/)
12daysago
Reply
Yourtotalcapacityis3000mahbecauseyouhave2pairsofserieswired
(/member/marciokoko/)
cells.Onepairhas1300mahplustheotherpairis2600mah.Iguessyou
roundedup.Ihave1LiPo3.7Vand380mahpack.Ifyour2600mahpacklasts
for18monthswithoutcharge,thatmeansthatmy380mahpackshouldlastfor
atleast1.8monthswithoutcharge.Whichisirrelevanteunlessthesundoesnt
comeoutfor1.8monthsforatotaltimeofabout16hours,correct?
donjose77(/member/donjose77/)
1monthago
Reply
Beautifulproject!I'mstuckwiththereceiver:(Ijustseeablankscreenand
(/member/donjose77/)
don'tknowwhattodo.Everythinglooksok,butIcan'tevenshowtheicons!
Ontheotherhand,howcanIbesurethetransmitteristransmitting?
Thanks!
(http://cdn.instructables.com/FBV/C2HM/ICM6YKE0/FBVC2HMICM6YKE0.LARGE.jpg)
deba168(/member/deba168/)(author) donjose77
1monthago
Reply
Youcanconfirmitbycheckingyourreceiverarduinoserialmonitor.
(/member/deba168/)
connectyourreceiverarduinotothePCthroughaUSBcable,open
arduinoIDEandseetheserialmonitor.Ifyoureceivethedatathenit
confirmtransmitteristransmitting.
donjose77(/member/donjose77/) deba168
1monthago
Reply
Thanksfortheadvice,buttheproblemwasthatlcddoesn'tshow
(/member/donjose77/)
anythinguntilitreceivesdatafromtransmiter.SoifIpowerthe
transmiterfirst,Iwouldhavetowait5minutesuntilgettingdata(or
pressreset).OnceIhavediscoveredit,everythingisok)
(http://cdn.instructables.com/F4B/35G3/ID0PUAT2/F4B35G3ID0PUAT2.LARGE.jpg)
AlbertJ(/member/AlbertJ/)
1monthago
Reply
ItriedafewdifferentDHT.hlibraries.Google"githubadafruitDHTsensor
(/member/AlbertJ/)
library".Itworkedbestforme.
deba168(/member/deba168/)(author) AlbertJ
1monthago
Reply
Thankyouforsuggestion.Canyousharesomepicsofyourproject?
(/member/deba168/)
VolthausElectronicsLaboratory(/member/Volthaus+Electronics+Laboratory/)
1monthago
Reply
HowcanweturnofftheLEDsontheBoostConverterandtheLiIonBattery
chargingboard?
(/member/Volthaus+Electronics+Laboratory/)
deba168(/member/deba168/)(author) VolthausElectronicsLaboratory
Reply
1monthago
Ifyoudonotwantit.Iwillsuggesttodesolderit
(/member/deba168/)
fromtheboardcarefully
Mjtrinihobby(/member/Mjtrinihobby/)
2monthsago
Reply
Extremelywellengineered!VeryfewprojectsIreadofthatareexecutedso
exquisitely.Youareagreatrolemodelinyourcountry!
(/member/Mjtrinihobby/)
deba168(/member/deba168/)(author) Mjtrinihobby 2monthsago
Reply
ThankYouforapreciation.
(/member/deba168/)
iced2(/member/iced2/) deba168
1monthago
Reply
Abudoskurvaanyadkisindiaigeci,mocskosciganygecibofogjema
(/member/iced2/)
idevmithahozzadbeszelnektetvesszajbabaszottgeci.
Eztaprojectettutilenyultadvkitolmerthakerdekvmitteszartsetudsz
hmoddold.
Baszodjamegosszesszarborugecivelegyuttazorszagodba
Mjtrinihobby(/member/Mjtrinihobby/) deba168
2monthsago
Reply
Fromoneengineertoanother,acreativemindisthebestthingever.
(/member/Mjtrinihobby/)
SupremeWa(/member/SupremeWa/)
3monthsago
Reply
Hello,greatproject.
(/member/SupremeWa/)
Ihavesomequestionsaboutsolarcharging:
Iusearduinounoinsteadofarduinonano.Iuse:
3.7VLithiumbattery
5.5VSolarpanel
5VLithiumBatteryChargingBoard
Whatdcboostconverterishouldusemformyarduinonano.Ihave0,9to5V
dcBoostbutithinkthatitisnotenough.
Maybeishoulduse9Vpaneland2*3,7Vbattery,butcan'tfindLithiumBattery
ChargingBoardforthebatteries.
Whatdoyouadviseme?
Thanksforyourhelpinadvance:)
deba168(/member/deba168/)(author) SupremeWa 2monthsago
Reply
YoucanrunyourArduinowithpartswhichyouhavenow:)
(/member/deba168/)
ConnecttheboostconverteroutputtoArduino5VpininsteadofVin.
SupremeWa(/member/SupremeWa/) deba168
2monthsago
Reply
thankyouforyourresponse:)Canyougivememoreinformationwhyi
shouldconnecttheboostconverteroutputtoArduino5Vpininsteadof
Vin:)
deba168(/member/deba168/)(author) SupremeWa
2monthsago
Reply
WhenyougivepowertoVin,thereisainbuiltvoltageregulatorwhich
stepdownthevoltageto5V.Butproblemisthatitwasteenergyinthe
(/member/deba168/)
formofheat.Whenyouapplydirectlyto5Vpin,itbypassthevoltage
regulator.
SupremeWa(/member/SupremeWa/) deba168
2monthsago
Reply
2monthsago
Reply
verygoodexplanation.thanksforeverything:)
iced2(/member/iced2/)
Hello
(/member/iced2/)
It'saquiteniceproject.AfterreadingthisIgaveupwiththeoriginalideaof
usinganrpimodelAtobuildtheweatherstationbecauseitisanoverkillandI
haveotherarduinohookedonaserveralreadywhichcouldreceivetheRF
data.
http://www.instructables.com/id/RaspberryPiSolarWeatherStation/
Ihave2questionsregardingyourproject:
1,Daylightindication
ThiswouldbeoneimportantthingmystationneedstoprovidebecauseI
planningtocontrollightsinsidemyhouserelyingonthesensordata.
AsIcanseeyouhavenodaylightsensitivitysensorinyoursetup,many
simplecircuitslikethosesolarlightswhichturnonatnightusethecurrent
comingoutofthesolarpaneldirectlytodeterminewhethertoturnonthelights
ornot.Iwasthinkingonwoulditbepossibletogetthesameincomingvoltage
datainyoursetupfromthesolarpanelitselfandusingthosenumbers?
OnceagainIdon'tneeddeadprecisethingherebutIthinkthatyourregulator
circuithidesthisdatafromtheArduino...InthiscaseIwouldjustbuyanother
lightdetectionsensoreandhookituptotheardu...
2,Anemometerbuildin
Iwouldliketohookoneoftheseup,nottheAdafruitbecauseit'sexpensive
butjustacheapchinesealternative:
http://www.ebay.com/itm/WindSpeedSensorAnemometerThreeCups
AluminiumAlloyedpulsesignaloutput/281265660069?
pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item417cbd60a5
Supplyvoltage:DC1224V
Thiswouldrequiretoredesignyoursetupcompletely,usebiggersolarpanel,
batterybanketc.NowIsawotheranenometerswhichrequireevenlessinput
voltage.Whydotheseevenneedinputvoltage?Whycanttheyjustprovide
anythinglet'ssayvoltageinrangeof05Vdependingonwindspeed.Doyou
haveanyexperiencehookingtheseuptotheardu?
Thankyou
cristian_200sx(/member/cristian_200sx/)
4monthsago
Reply
Hi,i'veboughthesamesolarpanelsandbatterycharger,butthesolar
(/member/cristian_200sx/)
panelgivesabout6,10Vatfullsun.didyoursolarpanelgivethesameoutput?
Caniusethecharger?themaxinput
is5,5v...
deba168(/member/deba168/)(author)
cristian_200sx
Tellmeyoursolarpanelrating.
(/member/deba168/)
3monthsago
Reply
cristian_200sx(/member/cristian_200sx/) deba168 3monthsago
Reply
Thisismysolarpanel:
(/member/cristian_200sx/)
http://www.ebay.com/itm/261486100708?_trksid=p2057...
(http://www.ebay.com/itm/261486100708?
_trksid=p2057872.m2749.l2649&ssPageName=STRK%3AMEBIDX%3AIT)
Andwhenimeasureitwiththetesteratfullsunigetabout6.10V
bubek(/member/bubek/)
4monthsago
Reply
Hellodeba168.
(/member/bubek/)
Ihaveaquestionforyou.
I'mmakingthisasmyschoolprojectandi'mstuckinarduinoprogramming.
Wherecanigetthisfiles:
#include<Wire.h>//useWirelibraryforprotocoli2c(A4=SDA&A5=SCL)
#include<LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>//useLiquidCrystal_I2ClibraryforcontrolLCD
oni2cprotocol
#include<VirtualWire.h>//useVirtuallibraryfordecodesignalfromRx
module
Thankyouverymuch.
deba168(/member/deba168/)(author) bubek
3monthsago
Reply
Firstdownloadthelibraryandthenimportit.Youcangothroughthe
(/member/deba168/)
followingtutorialtoknowhowtodoit.
https://www.pjrc.com/teensy/arduino_libraries/Virt...
(https://www.pjrc.com/teensy/arduino_libraries/VirtualWire.zip)
https://bitbucket.org/fmalpartida/newliquidcryst
(https://bitbucket.org/fmalpartida/newliquidcrystal/downloads)
Ithinkarduinohavedefaultwire.hlibrary.
StrangeRand(/member/StrangeRand/)
4monthsago
Reply
Thanks,yourprojectinspiredmetobuildsimilarweatherstationformyhome.
(/member/StrangeRand/)
ButIhaveonequestion.Youprobablyknowthatit'sprohibitedtochargetheLi
Ion/NiMhbatterieswhenthebatterytemperatureislessthen0.
Howdidyousolvethisproblem?
macniven(/member/macniven/)
5monthsago
Reply
Fantasticwork!Iamplanningonbuildinganautomaticplantirrigationsystem
(/member/macniven/)
forourgardenandalsowantittobesolarpowered.Thisreallyhelpsalot,
thankyou!
deba168(/member/deba168/)(author) macniven
5monthsago
Reply
5monthsago
Reply
5monthsago
Reply
Gladyoulikemywork:)
(/member/deba168/)
Bestofluckforyourproject.
mimhs(/member/mimhs/)
Thankyou!Verygoodandclearinstructionsandinfo.
(/member/mimhs/)
deba168(/member/deba168/)(author) mimhs
Mypleasure:)
(/member/deba168/)
billbillt(/member/billbillt/)
5monthsago
Reply
Anotherwonderfulandcompleteprojectbyyou....Youexplaineverythingup
(/member/billbillt/)
frontsoyourprojectswillwork.....MazelTov!....
deba168(/member/deba168/)(author) billbillt
5monthsago
Reply
6monthsago
Reply
ThankYou:)
(/member/deba168/)
chris.chatzigiannakis(/member/chris.chatzigiannakis/)
Greattutorialhasbeenofgreathelpforme.Iwouldlikeyoutohelpmedecide
(/member/chris.chatzigiannakis/)
whatbattery+solarpanelishouldusetopowerupmyproject.
Mypartsarestillbeingshippedsoihavenotyetmeasuredtheconsumptionof
theprojectbutgenerallyiwanttopoweranarduinounoboardhavinga
DHT11sensorandaloadcellattachedtoit.Alsoattachedtothearduinowill
beaGSMshieldandasolarchargershield.Ihavereadyourtutorialandiwish
ihadearlierbeforeorderingsomeparts.Inowknowthatmypickofa5vsolar
paneliswrongtochargethe9vbatterythatichoose!!!:)Iwouldlikeifyou
havetimetoadvicemewhichpartstochange(solarpanelbattery)
consideringthattheaimofmyprojectis:
ThearduinotobeabletotranferthedatafromtheDHT11sensorandloadcell
throughGSMshieldbysendingatextonceperdaytoaphonenumber.Power
savingoptionsforthearduinoareneccessaryasinyourproject.
Hereisthepartlist:
ArduinoUNO:www.ebay.com/itm/300948763268?_trksid=p2060778.m27...
GSMShield:http://www.ebay.com/itm/281610253054?_trksid=p206...
LoadCell:
DHT11:
SolarChargerShield:
Battery:
SolarPanel:
ThanksaLot
Iamlookingforwardinhearingfromyou,
Chris
deba168(/member/deba168/)(author) chris.chatzigiannakis
6monthsago
Heyyourbatteryandsolarpanelcombinationwill
(/member/deba168/)
notwork.Thesolarpanelvoltageshouldbemore
thanbatteryvoltage.Justcancelthebattery.Buya
18650(3.7V)batteryandchargingboardasI
havementionedinmypartslist.
Reply
chris.chatzigiannakis(/member/chris.chatzigiannakis/) deba168
6monthsago
Thanksalotforyourresponseithasbeenof
greathelp.
(/member/chris.chatzigiannakis/)
Reply
Butwhatswrongwiththesolarchargershield
thatiorderedandialsoneedachargingboard?
ethan.mamer(/member/ethan.mamer/)
6monthsago
Reply
ThanksfortheInstructable,Ithinkitwillbeexceedinglyuseful!
(/member/ethan.mamer/)
Igotalittleconfusedgoingbetweenthe1300mahNiMHbatteriesandthe
3000mahLiIonbattery.Whatsolarpowerspecificationsdoyourecommend
forthe3000mahLiIonBattery?5v400mah?
Also,couldads18b20beeasilysubstitutedinwithoutmuchheadache?
deba168(/member/deba168/)(author) ethan.mamer 6monthsago
Reply
Youcanusesolarpanelwithvoltage5to6V/400mA.
(/member/deba168/)
YeahyoucanalsouseDS18B20withsomemodificationincodeas
perthedatasheet.
ian.croll(/member/ian.croll/)
6monthsago
Reply
Reallyenjoyingyourdirectionanddesignchoices.I'mnewtoelectronicsand
(/member/ian.croll/)
solarandit'sgreattobiteintosomethingthisinterestingandpractical.OnceI
getitworkingI'lltrymodifications.Thankyou:)
deba168(/member/deba168/)(author) ian.croll
6monthsago
Reply
6monthsago
Reply
Gladyouenjoymytutorial:)
(/member/deba168/)
atkers(/member/atkers/)
Idon'tunderstandsomethingaboutthis.
(/member/atkers/)
Batterypackusedis1.2x2=2.4v
Liionchargermoduleprovides4.2v
Sohowisthispreciseandnotoutofrange?
Becausetheinstructorsaysithastobeprecisevoltagewhencharging.
Thanks!
deba168(/member/deba168/)(author) atkers
6monthsago
Reply
TheNiMhbattery(AA)areratedfor1.2V.Iusedapackoftwoin
(/member/deba168/)
series.Sothevoltageis2.4V
TheLiIonbattery(18650)areratedfor3.7butwhenfullychargedgive
around4.2V
ThechargingofLiIonbatteryneedsachargingcircuitforcharging.If
anythinggoeswrongitmayleadstoexplosion.
atkers(/member/atkers/) deba168
6monthsago
Reply
AhIsee!Thanksforexplaining.
(/member/atkers/)
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deba168(/member/deba168/)(author) Mjtrinihobby 2monthsago

deba168(/member/deba168/)(author) SupremeWa 2monthsago

cristian_200sx(/member/cristian_200sx/) deba168 3monthsago

deba168(/member/deba168/)(author) ethan.mamer 6monthsago

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