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Diabetes
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that
affects about 29.1 million Americans
(~10% of the population)
It causes your blood sugar levels to be
higher than normal
Diabetes
Diabetes Type 1
Body produces less or no insulin
5-10%
Insulin
Diabetes Type 2
Impairs the bodys ability to convert sugars,
starches, and other foods into energy
90-95%
Diabetes
Diabetes is the 7th leading cause of death
by disease in the United States, 2010
2 out of 3 persons with diabetes die from
complications from heart disease or stroke
Nerves
Circulation
Immune System (ability to fight infection)
Kidneys
Eyes
Nerves
Diabetes can damage the nerves in the
feet this is called peripheral neuropathy
Affects about half of all persons with
diabetes
This can lead to a condition called
Charcot Foot
Symptoms of Peripheral
Neuropathy
Numbness, pain, tingling or burning in the
feet
Pain at night
Cramping
Peripheral Neuropathy
The erosion with
callus on the tip of
the toe is typical of
the type of injury
which results with
sensory
neuropathy of
diabetes
Charcot Foot
Diabetic complication
where because of
diabetic motor and
sensory neuropathy,
you can develop
multiple midfoot
fractures. The result
is a misshapen foot
as seen here.
Circulation
Diabetes can also
affect circulation in
the feet
Poor circulation
can affect the
ability of the body
to heal when
damaged
Gangrene
Form of necrosis that
develops due to
insufficient blood supply
Usually the result of
atherosclerosis of the
arteries of the leg
Gangrene
Immune System
Diabetics are also
more prone to
infection the bodys
immune system that
normally fights
infection responds
slower
Cellulitis infection in
the skin.
Kidney Disease
Diabetes is the main cause of kidney
failure in 44% of all new cases (2011)
In 2011, 49,677 people of all ages began
treatment for kidney failure due to
diabetes
Kidney Disease
In 2011, a total of 228,924 people of all
ages with kidney failure due to diabetes
were living on chronic dialysis or with a
kidney transplant
Eye Disease
In 20052008, of adults with diabetes
aged 40 years or older, 4.2 million (28.5%)
people had diabetic retinopathy, damage
to the small blood vessels in the retina
This may result in loss of vision
Amputations
About 86,000 lower limbs are amputated
annually due to complications from
diabetes
About 60% of non-traumatic lower-limb
amputations among people aged 20 years
or older occur in people with diagnosed
diabetes
Amputations
The key to amputation prevention
Early recognition
Regular foot exams, at least annually
Warning Signs
Skin color changes
Elevation in skin temperature
Swelling of the foot or ankle
Pain in the legs
Warning Signs
Open sores on the feet
Ingrown and fungal toenails
Bleeding corns or calluses
Dry cracks in the skin, especially around
the heel
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