GRAMMAR TENSES IN ENGLISH

GENERAL OVERVIEW:
GENERAL STRUCTURES OF THE SENTENCE:

PRONOUNS:

AFFIRMATIVE:

SUBJECT +

YOU

VERB

+ COMPLEMENT

NEGATIVE:
SUBJECT + AUX+NOT +

HE/SHE/IT

VERB

+ COMPLEMENT

INTERROGATIVE:

WE
YOU
THEY

Who, What, Where

AUX. + SUBJECT + VERB + COMPLEMENT

NOTA: El auxiliar
suele ser DO o DID (para el pasado) pero
cuando est el verbo TO BE o TO HAVE, ocupan la posicin de
los auxiliares en la negativa y la interrogativa.

Present simple verb to be (ser o estar):

I
YOU
HE/SHE/IT
WE
YOU
THEY
USE:

AFFIRMATIVE

NEGATIVE

INTERROGATIVE

Am spanish
Are spanish
is spanish
Are spanish
Are spanish
Are spanish

Am not spanish
Arent spanish
Isnt spanish
Arent spanish
Arent spanish
Arent spanish

Am Spanish ?
Are spanish ?
is spanish ?
Are spanish ?
Are spanish ?
Are Spanish ?

El Present Simple de TO BE (ser o estar) es bsico en ingls. Con l se forma el Present Continuous.

Past simple verb to be (ser o estar):

I
YOU
HE/SHE/IT
WE
YOU
THEY
USE:

AFFIRMATIVE

NEGATIVE

INTERROGATIVE

was young
were young
was young
were young
were young
were young

Wasnt young
Werent young
Wasnt young
Werent young
werent young
werent young

Am Spanish ?
Are spanish ?
is spanish ?
Are spanish ?
Are spanish ?
Are Spanish ?

El Past Simple de TO BE (ser o estar) es bsico en ingls. Con l se forma el Past Continuous.
BY: INMA REINA

Present simple:

I
YOU
HE/SHE/IT

WE
YOU
THEY

AFFIRMATIVE

NEGATIVE

INTERROGATIVE

READ A BOOK
READ A BOOK
READs A BOOK
READ A BOOK
READ A BOOK
READ A BOOK

DONT READ A BOOK

DONT READ A BOOK

DO READ A BOOK?
DO READ A BOOK?

DOESNT READ A BOOK

DOES READ A BOOK?

DONT READ A BOOK

DONT READ A BOOK
DONT READ A BOOK

DO READ A BOOK?
DO READ A BOOK?
DO READ A BOOK?

USE:
El Present Simple se utiliza para hablar de las cosas que hacemos habitualmente.

TIME EXPRESSIONS:
Frequency adverbs

other expressions

(antes del verbo)

(al final o al principio seguido por coma-)

Always
usually
Often
Sometimes
Rarely
Never

on Mondays/Tuesdays/Fridays
every day/week/month/year/summer
once a week/ twice a week

Past simple:

I
YOU
HE/SHE/IT
WE
YOU
THEY

AFFIRMATIVE

NEGATIVE

Helped my mum
Helped my mum
Helped my mum
Helped my mum
Helped my mum
Helped my mum

didNT help my mum

didNT help my mum
didNT help my mum
didNT help my mum
didNT help my mum
didNT help my mum

INTERROGATIVE
Did help my mum?
Did help my mum
Did help my mum
Did help my mum
Did help my mum
Did help my mum

USE:
El Present Simple se utiliza para hablar de las cosas que hicimos es el pasado.

TIME EXPRESSIONS:
(al final o al principio, seguido de coma)
Yesterday
Last week/month/year/course
A week/month/year ago
When

BY: INMA REINA

Present continuous:

I
YOU
HE/SHE/IT
WE
YOU
THEY

AFFIRMATIVE

NEGATIVE

INTERROGATIVE

Am helping my mum
Are helping my mum
is helping my mum
Are helping my mum
Are helping my mum
Are helping my mum

Am not helping my mum

Arent helping my mum
Isnt helping my mum
Arent helping my mum
Arent helping my mum
Arent helping my mum

Am helping my mum?
Are helping my mum?
is helping my mum?
Are helping my mum?
Are helping my mum?
Are helping my mum?

USE:
El Present Continuous se utiliza para hablar de lo que est pasando cuando se habla.
Tambin se utiliza para hablar de los planes que tienes a corto plazo (p.ej. El fin de semana)

TIME EXPRESSIONS:
(al final o al principio, seguido de coma)
now
right now
at the moment

(planes)
tonight
today
this Saturday

Past continuous:
AFFIRMATIVE
I
YOU
HE/SHE/IT

WE
YOU
THEY

was helping my mum

were helping my mum
was helping my mum
were helping my mum
were helping my mum
were helping my mum

NEGATIVE
Wasnt helping my mum
Werent helping my mum
Wasnt helping my mum
Werent helping my mum
werent helping my mum
Werent helping my mum

INTERROGATIVE
was helping my mum?
were helping my mum?
was helping my mum?
were helping my mum?
were helping my mum?
were helping my mum?

USE:
El Past Continuous se utiliza para hablar de lo que estaba ocurriendo en un momento
concreto en el pasado.
Se suele utilizar combinado con el Past Simple, para expresar lo que ocurra de fondo:
I was listening to music when a bomb exploded.
El hecho de que yo estaba escuchando msica ocurra cuando la bomba explot.

TIME EXPRESSIONS:
(al final o al principio, seguido de coma)
While
At 9.00 o clock (a horas concretas)

BY: INMA REINA