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Compiled By Syed Hassan Raza

Sahih al-Bukhari, Volume 8, Book 82, Number 817:


Narrated Ibn 'Abbas:
I used to teach (the Qur'an to) some people of the Muhajirln (emigrants), among whom there
was 'Abdur Rahman bin 'Auf. While I was in his house at Mina, and he was with 'Umar bin AlKhattab during 'Umar's last Hajj, Abdur-Rahman came to me and said, "Would that you had
seen the man who came today to the Chief of the Believers ('Umar), saying, 'O Chief of the
Believers! What do you think about so-and-so who says, 'If 'Umar should die, I will give the
pledge of allegiance to such-and-such person, as by Allah, the pledge of allegiance to Abu Bakr
was nothing but a prompt sudden action which got established afterwards.' 'Umar became
angry and then said, 'Allah willing, I will stand before the people tonight and warn them against
those people who want to deprive the others of their rights (the question of rulership)."
'Abdur-Rahman said, "I said, 'O Chief of the believers! Do not do that, for the season of Hajj
gathers the riff-raff and the rubble, and it will be they who will gather around you when you
stand to address the people. And I am afraid that you will get up and say something, and some
people will spread your statement and may not say what you have actually said and may not
understand its meaning, and may interpret it incorrectly, so you should wait till you reach
Medina, as it is the place of emigration and the place of Prophet's Traditions, and there you can
come in touch with the learned and noble people, and tell them your ideas with confidence;
and the learned people will understand your statement and put it in its proper place.' On that,
'Umar said, 'By Allah! Allah willing, I will do this in the first speech I will deliver before the
people in Medina."
Ibn Abbas added: We reached Medina by the end of the month of Dhul-Hijja, and when it was
Friday, we went quickly (to the mosque) as soon as the sun had declined, and I saw Sa'id bin
Zaid bin 'Amr bin Nufail sitting at the corner of the pulpit, and I too sat close to him so that my
knee was touching his knee, and after a short while 'Umar bin Al-Khattab came out, and when I
saw him coming towards us, I said to Said bin Zaid bin 'Amr bin Nufail "Today 'Umar will say
such a thing as he has never said since he was chosen as Caliph." Said denied my statement
with astonishment and said, "What thing do you expect 'Umar to say the like of which he has
never said before?"
In the meantime, 'Umar sat on the pulpit and when the callmakers for the prayer had finished
their call, 'Umar stood up, and having glorified and praised Allah as He deserved, he said, "Now
then, I am going to tell you something which (Allah) has written for me to say. I do not know;
perhaps it portends my death, so whoever understands and remembers it, must narrate it to
the others wherever his mount takes him, but if somebody is afraid that he does not
understand it, then it is unlawful for him to tell lies about me. Allah sent Muhammad with the
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Compiled By Syed Hassan Raza

Truth and revealed the Holy Book to him, and among what Allah revealed, was the Verse of the
Rajam (the stoning of married person (male & female) who commits illegal sexual intercourse,
and we did recite this Verse and understood and memorized it. Allah's Apostle did carry out the
punishment of stoning and so did we after him.
I am afraid that after a long time has passed, somebody will say, 'By Allah, we do not find the
Verse of the Rajam in Allah's Book,' and thus they will go astray by leaving an obligation which
Allah has revealed. And the punishment of the Rajam is to be inflicted to any married person
(male & female), who commits illegal sexual intercourse, if the required evidence is available or
there is conception or confession. And then we used to recite among the Verses in Allah's Book:
'O people! Do not claim to be the offspring of other than your fathers, as it is disbelief
(unthankfulness) on your part that you claim to be the offspring of other than your real father.'
Then Allah's Apostle said, 'Do not praise me excessively as Jesus, son of Marry was praised, but
call me Allah's Slave and His Apostles.' (O people!) I have been informed that a speaker
amongst you says, 'By Allah, if 'Umar should die, I will give the pledge of allegiance to such-andsuch person.' One should not deceive oneself by saying that the pledge of allegiance given to
Abu Bakr was given suddenly and it was successful. No doubt, it was like that, but Allah saved
(the people) from its evil, and there is none among you who has the qualities of Abu Bakr.
Remember that whoever gives the pledge of allegiance to anybody among you without
consulting the other Muslims, neither that person, nor the person to whom the pledge of
allegiance was given, are to be supported, lest they both should be killed.
And no doubt after the death of the Prophet we were informed that the Ansar disagreed with
us and gathered in the shed of Bani Sa'da. 'Ali and Zubair and whoever was with them, opposed
us, while the emigrants gathered with Abu Bakr. I said to Abu Bakr, 'Let's go to these Ansari
brothers of ours.' So we set out seeking them, and when we approached them, two pious men
of theirs met us and informed us of the final decision of the Ansar, and said, 'O group of
Muhajirin (emigrants) ! Where are you going?' We replied, 'We are going to these Ansari
brothers of ours.' They said to us, 'You shouldn't go near them. Carry out whatever we have
already decided.' I said, 'By Allah, we will go to them.' And so we proceeded until we reached
them at the shed of Bani Sa'da. Behold! There was a man sitting amongst them and wrapped in
something. I asked, 'Who is that man?' They said, 'He is Sa'd bin 'Ubada.' I asked, 'What is
wrong with him?' They said, 'He is sick.' After we sat for a while, the Ansar's speaker said, 'None
has the right to be worshipped but Allah,' and praising Allah as He deserved, he added, 'To
proceed, we are Allah's Ansar (helpers) and the majority of the Muslim army, while you, the
emigrants, are a small group and some people among you came with the intention of
preventing us from practicing this matter (of caliphate) and depriving us of it.'

Compiled By Syed Hassan Raza

When the speaker had finished, I intended to speak as I had prepared a speech which I liked
and which I wanted to deliver in the presence of Abu Bakr, and I used to avoid provoking him.
So, when I wanted to speak, Abu Bakr said, 'Wait a while.' I disliked to make him angry. So Abu
Bakr himself gave a speech, and he was wiser and more patient than I. By Allah, he never
missed a sentence that I liked in my own prepared speech, but he said the like of it or better
than it spontaneously. After a pause he said, 'O Ansar! You deserve all (the qualities that you
have attributed to yourselves, but this question (of Caliphate) is only for the Quraish as they are
the best of the Arabs as regards descent and home, and I am pleased to suggest that you
choose either of these two men, so take the oath of allegiance to either of them as you wish.
And then Abu Bakr held my hand and Abu Ubada bin Abdullah's hand who was sitting amongst
us. I hated nothing of what he had said except that proposal, for by Allah, I would rather have
my neck chopped off as expiator for a sin than become the ruler of a nation, one of whose
members is Abu Bakr, unless at the time of my death my own-self suggests something I don't
feel at present.'
And then one of the Ansar said, 'I am the pillar on which the camel with a skin disease (eczema)
rubs itself to satisfy the itching (i.e., I am a noble), and I am as a high class palm tree! O Quraish.
There should be one ruler from us and one from you.'
Then there was a hue and cry among the gathering and their voices rose so that I was afraid
there might be great disagreement, so I said, 'O Abu Bakr! Hold your hand out.' He held his
hand out and I pledged allegiance to him, and then all the emigrants gave the Pledge of
allegiance and so did the Ansar afterwards. And so we became victorious over Sa'd bin Ubada
(whom Al-Ansar wanted to make a ruler). One of the Ansar said, 'You have killed Sa'd bin
Ubada.' I replied, 'Allah has killed Sa'd bin Ubada.' Umar added, "By Allah, apart from the great
tragedy that had happened to us (i.e. the death of the Prophet), there was no greater problem
than the allegiance pledged to Abu Bakr because we were afraid that if we left the people, they
might give the Pledge of allegiance after us to one of their men, in which case we would have
given them our consent for something against our real wish, or would have opposed them and
caused great trouble. So if any person gives the Pledge of allegiance to somebody (to become a
Caliph) without consulting the other Muslims, then the one he has selected should not be
granted allegiance, lest both of them should be killed."
Source: http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religious-texts/hadith/bukhari/082-sbt.php#008.082.817

Compiled By Syed Hassan Raza

Saqifah in the words of Saheeh Bukhari and Umar Ibn Khattaab A


Brief Outlook
The book Saheeh Bukhari, compiled by Abu Abdillah Muhammad Ibn Ismail, later known as
Imam Bukhari, is regarded as an important segment of the six so called authentic books
(Sehaah-e-Sittah) of the Ahle Sunnah. After the Holy Quran, these six books are of utmost
importance to the Sunnis when compared to other books. All the contents of these books are
considered to be authentic and reliable and hence the term Saheeh.
Bukhari has quoted the second caliph Umar Ibn Khattab extensively on what transpired at the
Saqifah of Bani Saaedah:
Says Umar: Following the demise of the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.a.), news reached us that the
Ansaar (Immigrants) had assembled at the Saqifah-i-Bani Saaedah. I told Abu Bakr, Let us go
there so that we join our Ansaar brethren.
Abu Bakr obliged and we reached Saqifah together. Ali, Zubair and their companions were not
with us. At Saqifah, we observed that a group of Ansaar had brought someone with them who
was completely covered. It was Sad ibn Ubaadah running a very high temperature. We sat
besides them. A man from the Ansaar stood up and as had been decided, after praising Allah
began to speak, We are the friends and lovers of Allah. We are the soldiers and the strength of
Islam. But you, O Muhaajireen, are few in number and
I (Umar) thought of replying but Abu Bakr pulled my sleeves and quietened me. He then himself
stood up, and God is witness, said what I wanted to and he said it better than me.
Abu Bakr said, O company of Ansaar! You are surely the recipient of the attributes which you
have described and you have achieved them. But, Caliphate and government is only the right of
the Quraish because they are renowned for their nobility and lineage, manners and conduct
throughout the Arabian Peninsula and enjoy an undisputed position. It is only for your
betterment that I do this, I present before you two people so that you may choose whomsoever
you wish for the Caliphate. Saying this, Abu Bakr caught hold of my hand and that of Abu
Ubaidah and presented us before the crowd. I disliked the last suggestion. While another
Ansaar stood up and commented:
I am among you (O Ansaar) like a stick with which camels are driven or that tree which provides
shade. If it is so, O Muhajireen! Then appoint a ruler amongst you and we will appoint one from
amongst us. A great commotion erupted at this statement. We witnessed great opposition and
rivalry. I took advantage of this commotion and said to Abu Bakr, Extend your hand so that I
may pay allegiance to you. Abu Bakr complied and I paid allegiance to him. Having done this,
we gathered near Sad Bin Ubadah. After this entire episode, if somebody pays allegiance to
the Caliphate of any other caliph without the consultation of the Muslims, adhere neither to
the follower nor the allegiance taker, for both are liable for capital punishment.
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Compiled By Syed Hassan Raza

Saheeh Bukhari, Kitabul Hudud, Baabul Rajmul Hablaa, 4/ 119-120


Seerae Ibne Hisham, 4/ 336-338 Kanz al-Ummaal, 3/ 139- Hadith 2326
Source: http://www.seratonline.com/1604/saqifah-in-the-words-of-saheeh-bukhari-and-umar-ibnkhattaab-a-brief-outlook/

Khalifa Abu Bakr - Successor to the Holy Prophet


Election of Abu Bakr as the Caliph.
Crisis in the affairs of the Muslims. The death of the Holy Prophet led to an immediate crisis in
the affairs of the Muslims over the question as to who was to be the leader of the Muslims
after the Holy Prophet.
While the dead body of the Holy Prophet of Islam was being prepared for burial the Ansar of
Madina assembled at their meeting place 'Saqeefa Bani Sa'dah' to discuss the question of
succession to the Holy Prophet. The Holy Prophet was the last of the prophets, and there was
to be no prophet after him. He was also the leader of the Muslims, and it was therefore
necessary that after him there should be some one who should be the head of the Muslim
community.
The Ansars. At the meeting of the Ansars at Saqeefa Bani Sa'idah', Sa'd bin Ubadah, a leader of
the Ansars made a passionate plea that the successor to the Holy Prophet for managing the
temporal affairs of the Muslims should be chosen from the Ansars. He argued that as they
were the people who had protected Islam and offered a home for the Holy Prophet and his
companions when they were persecuted by their own people, the Ansars had right to the
leadership of the Muslims. It was through the efforts of the Ansars that Islam had grown and
spread; their city was capital of the Muslim state, and it was but meet that an Ansar should be
the head of the State after the Holy Prophet. When Sa'd concluded his speech, he was
applauded by the Ansars. The arguments advanced by him appealed to them, and it appeared
that they were poised to choose him as their leader in succession to the Holy Prophet.
Reaction of the emigrants. When the meeting was being held at Saqeefa Bani Sa'idah it was
reported to the emigrants assembled in the Prophet's mosque that the Ansars had assembled
to choose a successor to the Holy Prophet. It was a critical situation. The burial of the Holy
Prophet was a matter that needed priority, but the question of choosing a successor to the
Holy Prophet was a question of life and death for the Muslim community, and if any wrong
decision was taken at that stage, the future of Islam itself was likely to be jeopardized. Abu
Bakr, Umar and Abu Ubaidah accordingly decided among themselves to proceed to Saqeefa
Bani Sa'idah' to negotiate the matter with the Ansars before it was too late.
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Compiled By Syed Hassan Raza

Abu Bakr's appeal to the Ansar. When Abu Bakr, Umar and Abu Ubaidah reached Saqeefa Bani
Sa'idah the Ansars were on the verge of electing Sa'id bin Ubadah, the Ansar leader, as the
successor to the Holy Prophet. Abu Bakr took the stage and brought home to the people
assembled, the gravity of the problem. He pointed out that the matter did not concern the
citizens of Madina alone; it was a matter of concern for all the Arabs who had become
Muslims. All the Arab tribes were not likely to accept the leadership of the Ansars, particularly
when there were differences among the two principal tribes of the Ansars themselves. Abu
Bakr pointed out that under the circumstances the Quraish who were the custodians of the
Kaaba could alone provide the leadership for the Muslim community. Addressing his appeal to
the Ansar he said: "O Ansar, none can deny the superiority of your position in religion or the
greatness of your eminence in Islam. You were chosen by Allah as the helpers of His religion
and His Apostle. To you the Prophet was sent on his emigration from Makkah and from you
come the majority of his companions and his wives. Indeed in position you are next only to
the earliest companions. Therefore it would be fair if we take the Amirat and you accept the
ministry. You should not be obstinate in your stand. We assure you that we will do nothing
without consulting you."
The Debate. After the address of Abu Bakr, Habab bin Mandhar an Ansar leader rose to say
that the Amirat was the right of the Ansars and they could not forego their right. He added
that the utmost concession that they could make in favor of the emigrants was that they
could have two Amirs, one from the Ansars and the other from the emigrants,
Umar said that Islam stood for unity-one God, one Prophet, and one Quran. It followed as a
necessary corollary that the Muslim community should have one Amir. lf the proposal of
having two Amirs was once accepted, other people would later lay claim to the election of an
Amir from them. Such multiple Amirat would lead to the disintegration of the Islamic polity.
Umar emphasized that in the interest of the solidarity of Islam they could not have more than
one Amir, and it was imperative that such Amir should be from the Quraish, the tribe of the
Holy Prophet.
There was some exchange of hot words between Habab and Umar. Then Abu Ubaida
appealed to the Ansars saying: "O Ansars you were the first to help Islam: do not now be the
first to take steps towards the disintegration of Islam."
That appeared to have some effect on the Ansars, and they seemed to hesitate to press their
demand. Thereupon Abu Bakr took the stage again and said: "God is our witness that we are
not pressing the claim of the Quraish because of any selfish interest. The proposal is based
solely on the interest and solidarity of Islam. To give you a proof positive of our sincerity I
declare before you that I do not covet the office. Here are Umar and Abu Ubaida. You may
choose any one out of these two." That softened the attitude of the Ansars. Zaid bin Thabit an
eminent Ansar leader rose to say: "In fact the Holy Prophet was among the Quraish. There is
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Compiled By Syed Hassan Raza

considerable force in the proposal that after him his successor should also be selected from
among the Quraish. God chose the 'Ansars' as helpers, and it is but meet that they should
continue to play thc role of helpers." Supporting him another Ansar leader Bashir bin Sa'd
said: "O Ansars, if we have secured a position of superiority in holy wars against the
polytheists and gained precedence in the matter of religion it was with the object of pleasing
our Allah and obeying the Holy Prophet. It is not proper for us to make this a ground for selfaggrandizement. We should leave our reward to Allah. We must realize that the Holy Prophet
came from the Quraish, and that the Quraish have the strongest claim for his succession. We
should not quarrel with the Quraish on this issue."
That turned the tables, and the Ansars now appeared to be inclined to choose the leader from
among the Quraish. Taking advantage of this situation, Abu Bakr repeated his proposal that
they might choose any one out of Umar, or Abu Ubaida.
Election of Abu Bakr. At the offer of Abu Bakr, Umar rose quickly to say: "O Abu Bakr, how can
I or Abu Ubaida be preferred to you? You are undoubtedly the most excellent of the Muslims.
You were the 'Second of the Two' in the Cave. You were appointed as 'Amir-ul-Haj'. During his
illness the Holy Prophet appointed you as the Imam to lead the prayers. Of all the companions
you were the closest and the dearest to the Holy Prophet. As such you are dear to us. Stretch
your hand so that we may offer our allegiance to you."
Umar made Abu Bakr stand, and then touched his hand reverently in token of allegiance. Abu
Ubaida was the next to pay allegiance. Thereafter all the Ansars assembled there offered their
allegiance to Abu Bakr turn by turn. Only Sa'd bin Ubadah did not offer allegiance. Thus Abu
Bakr was elected as the successor to the Holy Prophet on the very day of the death of Holy
Prophet, the 8th of June 83 2 C.E.
Source: Hadrat Abu Bakr, Umar, Usman, Ali (ra) 4 Vol. Set
Source: http://www.alim.org/library/biography/khalifa/content/KAB/7/4

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