VERBS TENSES (GRAMMAR)

1. SIMPLE PRESENT (S+V1+C). (?, - = do/does)

e.g. I BUY VEGETABLES EVERY DAY.
USAGE/PENGGUNAAN:
A. MENYATAKAN AKTIFITAS SBG
KEBIASAAN: I SEE HIM EVERYDAY.
B. BERSIFAT UMUM: A SECRETARY
WORKS IN THE OFFICE
KAIDAH:
A. SUBJECT: HE/SHE/IT VERB + S/ES.
B. AUXILARY: IS/AM/ARE, HAVE/HAS, DO/DOES.
TRANFORMASI KALIMAT:
S

COMPLEMENT

A. A BUSINESS PRODUCES GOODS AND SERVICES.

B. A MANAGER WORKS IN THE OFFICE.
C. THE SECRETARY ARRANGES THE FILE IN THE
OFFICE EVERYDAY.
STATEMENT PATTERN WITH VERB BE:
S

+ VERB (BE)

COMPLEMENT

A. THIS
IS A BIG COMPANY IN THIS CITY
B. MR GEORGE IS THE FOREIGN MANAGER HERE
NOW.

2. PRESENT PROGRESSIVE (S+is/am/are+Ving+C)

e.g. I AM BUYING VEGETABLES NOW.

PP TENSE: MENUNJUKKAN BAHWA AKTIFITAS YG

SEDANG TERJADI PD SAAT PEMBICARAAN
BERLANGSUNG: DITANDAI DGN HELPING VERB BE
(IS,AM,ARE) + VERB AHIRAN ING.

TRANSFORMASI KALIMAT:
S
A. SHE

VERB PHRASE
IS TYPING

COMPLEMENT
THE REPORT

B. MY ASSISTANTS ARE COMPLETING THEIR

TASK AT MY DESK.
C. MY SECRETARY IS HELPING ME.
3. PRESENT PERFECT (S+HAS/HAVE+V3+C)
e.g. I HAVE ALREADY BOUGHT VEGETABLES IN
THE MARKET.
PR. PERFECT: DIGUNAKAN UNTUK MENUNJUKKAN
SUATU KEJADIAN/PERISTIWA YG TERJADI LAMPAU
DAN BERLANGSUNG SAMPAI SEKARANG.
P.PERFECT PERISTIWA LAMPAU DAN MASIH ADA HUB
DGN SEKARANG ATAU AKIBATNYA DPT DILIHAT DAN
DIRASAKAN SEKARANG:
- THEY HAVE LIVED HERE FOR 10 YEARS.
- FITRI HAS PASSED FROM SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL.
PR. PERFECT: KETERANGAN WAKTU YG DIGUNAKAN:
TODAY, THIS MORNING, THIS

UNTUK MENUNJUKKAN KEGIATAN/AKTIFITAS YG

TELAH DILAKUKAN BER-ULANGKALI.
-I HAVE TRIED TO CONTACT HIM 3 TIMES TODAY.
4. PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
(S+HAS/HAVE+BEEN+Ving+C).
e.g. I HAVE BEEN BUYING VEGETABLES IN THE
MARKET FOR 1 HOUR.
PENGGUNAAN:
1. MENUNJUKKAN SUATU KEJADIAN/PERISTIWA YG
TERJADI PD WAKTU LAMPAU, MASIH
BERLANGSUNG SAMPAI SEKARANG DAN MASIH
AKAN BERLANJUT/DITERUSKAN PD WAKTU YG
AKAN DATANG.
- SHE HAS BEEN TYPING THE
MONTLY REPORT FOR TWO HOURS.
- HOW LONG HAVE YOU BEEN
LEARNING ENGLISH?
5. SIMPLE PAST (S+V2+C) (?, - did)
e.g. I BOUGHT VEGETABLE YESTERDAY
PENGGUNAAN:
1. DIGUNAKAN UTK KEJADIAN/AKTIFITAS YG
DILUKISKAN VERB TERJADI PD WAKTU
TERTENTU YG TELAH LALU.(DEFINITE PAST
TIME).
2. REGULAR PAST FORM (BERATURAN). REGULAR
VERB DIBENTUK DGN MENAMBAH AKHIRAN
d/ed.PD KT KERJA BENTUK DASAR (INFINITIVE)

3. IRREGULAR PAST FORM (TDK BERATURAN)

MEMPUNYAI BENTUK: BUY-BOUGHT-BOUGHT
SWIM-SWAM-SWUM, ETC.
4. INTERROGATIVE : DID DI DEPAN KALIMAT (?).
1. THE SIMPLE PAST VERSUS 2. THE PRESENT
PERFECT TENSE:
1.AKTIFITAS SEPENUHNYA WAKTU
LALU/LAMPAU. WAKTU YG DIGUNAKAN: LAST
WEEK, LAST, IN MAY 1989,AGO. KATA
TANYA: WHEN? IN WHAT YEAR? HOW LONG
AGO?
2. SEJAK WAKTU LAMPAU DAN BERLANJUT
SAMPAI SEKARANG: WAKTU YG DIGUNAKAN:
FOR TWO YEARS, SINCE 1980, SINCE THAT TIME,
ALL THIS TIME, UNTIL NOW, KATA TANYA: HOW
LONG? SINCE WHEN?
6. PAST PROGRESSIVE (S+was/were+Ving+C)
e.g. I WAS BUYING VEGETABLES when he came
PENGGUNAAN:
A. UNTUK MENUNJUKKAN SUATU
KEJADIAN/AKTIFITAS YG SEDANG TERJADI PD
SAAT TERTENTU DI WAKTU LAMPAU:
I WAS SPEAKING WITH A CUSTOMER
YESTERDAY.
B. YANG DISUSUL DGN KEJADIAN/AKTIFITAS
LAIN: WHEN I ARRIVED AT MY OFFICE, SHE
WAS SPEAKING ON THE PHONE.

C. 2 KEJADIAN YG BERSAMAAN PD WAKTU

LAMPAU: HE WAS TYPING THE REPORT WHILE
I WAS READING THE MARKETING NEWS.
7. PAST PERFECT (S+HAD+V3+C)
e.g. I HAD BOUGHT VEGETABLES FOR ONE
HOUR BEFORE I BEGAN TO COOK IN THE
KITCHEN
.
PENGGUNAAN
PAST PERFECT DIGUNAKAN: UNTUK MENYATAKAN
AKTIFITAS/KEJADIAN YG TELEH SELESAI SEBELUM
AKTIFITAS/KEJADIAN LAIN PD WAKTU LAMPAU. DALAM
HAL INI TERJADI 2 AKTIFITAS/PERISTIWA YG
DINYATAKAN VERB. AKTIFITAS/KEJADIAN YG TERJADI
LEBIH AWAL DINYATAKAN DG PAST TENSE: I HAD
FINISHED TYPING THE REPORT BEFORE MR X CAME.
HE HAD GOT A JOB WHEN HE DECIDED TO MARRY
SHINTA.
8. PAST PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
(S+HAD+BEEN+Ving+C).
e.g. I HAD BEEN BUYING VEGETABLES FOR AN
HOUR BEFORE MY SISTER CAME
9. SIMPLE FUTURE/FUTURE TENSE
(S+MODAL+V1+C)
e.g. I WILL BUY VEGETABLES.
FUTURE TENSE: PENGGUNAAN: POLA: WILL +
PRESENT VERB (TALK, WRITE, CALL, COME, GO).

A. UNTUK MENYATAKAN SUATU

AKTIFITAS/KEJADIAN YG DILAKUKAN/TERJADI.
PD WAKTU YG AKAN DATANG:
B. KET WAKTU: TOMORROW MORNING, NEXT
WEEK.
C. WILL- SHALL UNTUK ORANG PERTAMA: (I
WILL/I SHALL) DAN ORANG PERTAMA JAMAK
(WE WILL/WE SHALL): SHALL LEBIH SERING
DIGUNAKAN UTK : I AND WE SEDANG WILL
SEMUA KT GANTI. (I,YOU,HE,SHE,IT,WE,THEY).
D. WILL DIGUNAKAN KETIKA ORANG YG
BERBICARA MEMUTUSKAN AKAN MELAKUKAN
SESUATU KETIKA IA/MEREKA SEDANG
BERBICARA: ALI: WHAT DO YOU WANT TO
DRINK? BEN: I WILL HAVE SOME TEA, PLEASE.
E. WILL DIGUNAKAN UTK MENAWARKAN
SESUATU/MENYATAKAN AKAN BERBUAT
SESUATU. ALI: THIS BAG IS VERY HEAVY. BEN: I
WILL HELP YOU TO BRING IT.
F. KALIMAT MENYANGKAL/NEGATIVE STATEMENT
AND KAL.TANYA/INTERROGATIVE STATEMENT.
SEE THE EXAMPLES:
10.

FUTURE PROGRESSIVE
(S+MODAL+BE+Ving+C).
e.g. I WILL BE BUYING VEGETABLES WHEN
YOU COME.

11.

FUTURE PERFECT (S+MODAL+HAVE+V3).

e.g. I WILL HAVE BOUGHT VEGETABLES FOR
AN HOUR BEFORE I START COOKING IN THE
KITCHEN.

12.

FUTURE PERFECT PROGRESSIVE

(S+MODAL+HAVE+BEEN+Ving+C).
e.g. I WILL HAVE BEEN BUYING
VEGETABLES FOR AN HOUR BY THE TIME
YOU ARRIVE.