F (z 0 )

F ( )
1
dz=

2 i ||=z G( )
G ' (z 0 )
0

To find the ak coefficients, add up the previous coefficients up to the kth

coefficient.
P (x)
:
Q( x)
1. Ensure that the degree of P(x) is greater than the degree of Q(x).
If it is not, do long division to get some fraction that satisfies these
conditions
2. Then factor P and Q
1
3. Expand
centered at the singularity due to one factor

To find partial fraction decompositions of

some factor(s) of Q ( x)

outside.
4. Now expand

1
some factor(s) of Q ( x)

as a Taylor series centered at the

singularity caused by the factor outside. This is a.

hh

5. Now distribute the factor outside and take the part where it has a
negative power.
Laurent Series:
an is a constant

Winding Numbers:
1. Try to find the zeros of the polynomial algebraically to know where to
look
2. Parametrize a function around said area
3. Input the parametrization into the original polynomial

4. If the polynomial evaluated by the parametrization goes around zero n

times, it has n zeros in the area within the parametrized curve.
5. Try to determine the behavior of the function along the parametrization