ACID/BASETITRATIONS

PART1:STANDARDIZATIONOF0.1MNaOH
Purpose
Toteachthetechniquesoftitrationandstandardizationandimproveyourvolumetricand
gravimetriclabskills.
Introduction
Inthisexperiment,theanalyte,potassiumhydrogenphthalate(KHP),isbeingtitrated
withNaOH(titrant)tothephenolphthalein(indicator)endpoint. Themolarityofthe
NaOHwillbedeterminedfromthistitration. Somegoodlabskillsfortitrations are

reviewedaswell.
O

Wewillusepotassiumacidphtalate(KHP,MW=204.2g/mole)for
standardization.Thestructureofthiscompoundisgivenbelow.

OH
O
O K+

WhenstandardizingHClandNaOHsolutions,theNaOHsolutionisusedasthetitrant
(thesolutionkeptintheburet)inordertominimizeabsorptionofCO 2 fromairbythe
NaOHsolutionandtoretainthe morereadilyperceived indicator colorchangefrom
colorlesstopink(ratherthanpinktocolorless).
RinseBuret:Rinsetheburetbyaddingabout5mLofthetitrant(NaOH)totheburet.
Letsomeofthesolutionoutbyturningthestopcockoftheburet.Thenholdingtheburet
horizontally,rolltheburetbackandforthinyourhandstocoattheinsideoftheburet.
Finallypourthesolutionout.
Setup:Assembletheapparatusfortitrationasshowninthe
figuretotheright.
Eliminatingbubbles:Useafunnelinthetopoftheburetto
addthetitranttotheburet. Pourenoughtitranttofillthe
buretpastzero.Replacetheflaskwithabeaker.Turnthe
stopcocktodrainsomeofthetitrant.Theremaybebubbles
inthetipoftheburet.Turningthestopcockbackandforth
todrainsometitrantwillgenerallyforcethebubblesout.
Readingtheburet: Readtheneniscusateyelevel. You
willreadthevolumesto2digitspastthedecimal.Thiswill
requireyoutoestimatethelastdigit.Thevolumedelivered

willbethedifferencebetweentheinitialandfinalburetreadings.Neverstartthetitration
atzero..
Titrating: As you titrate, swirl the flask to mix the added titrant with the analyte
solution. Initiallyyouwillbeabletoallowthetitranttodrainquicklyintotheflask.
Whenyougetclosetotheendpoint,theendpointcolorappears,butdisappearsafter
swirlingthesolution.Atthatpoint,youneedtoaddthetitrantdropwise,swirlingafter
everydrop.Theendpointiswhentheendpointcolorpersistsfor30seconds.
Cleaningburet:Whenyouhavefinishedallyourtitrations,thendrainallofthetitrant
outoftheburet. Rinsetheburetoutwithdistilledwater,anddrainingseveralmLof
wateroutofthetip. Drainallofthewateroutandreturntotheappropriatespace.
Otherwisethechemicalsevaporateinthetipandclogthetip.
ExperimentalProcedureforNaOHStandardization
SAFETY
WEARYOURGOGGLESatalltimesinthislab.Basesolutionsareextremelycaustic
toyoureyes,andwilltakeonlyafewsecondstoblindyou.Thepeoplearoundyouare
probablymoredangeroustoyouthanyouare,sodon'ttakethemoffwhileyouareinthe
labevenifyouaren'tdoinganythingyourself.
Standardizationof0.1NNaOH.
1.Weighoutapproximately0.5gofKHP,butrecordthefinalweightto4significant
figures.
2.Dissolvethe acid inapproximately 25mL ofdistilled water ina125or250mL
Erlenmeyerflask.
3. Add23dropsofphenolphthaleinindicatorsolutiontotheflask,andtitrateeach
Erlenmeyerflask(asdescribedabove)withyourprepared0.1NNaOHtothefirstpink
colorthatpersistsforatleast30seconds.Besuretoreadtheinitialandfinalvolumesof
NaOHtothenearest0.01mLforeachtitration.
4.Repeatthisprocedureforanothertwosamples.Notethatyoucanwashafractionofa
dropoffthetipofyourburetaswellasthewallsoftheflaskwithyoursquirtbottlewhen
youare nearthe endpoint. Theextra water won'thurt, andit canhelp theoverall
precision.

6. Calculatetheexactconcentration(Molarity)ofyourNaOHsolutionandlabelthe
bottlewiththisinformation.
a)Molarity=molesofNaOH
Liters(L)ofNaOH
b)TheratioofNaOHneededtoneutralizeKHPis1:1.Meaningthenumberof
molesofNaOHaddedtotheflaskwillbeequaltothenumberofmolesofKHP
presentintheflask.
c)DeterminethemolesofKHPfromthemass(g)ofKHPyouaddedtotheflask.
(MW=204.2g/mole)
d)DeterminetheLofNaOHaddedforeachtrialbychangingthemLintoL.
(1000mL=1L)
e) Insert the moles of NaOH and L of NaOH into the molarity equation to
determinethemolarity.