DESIGN OF REINFORCED

CONRETE STRUCTURE
VCB3064
PROGRESS REPORT:
FOOTING

MUHAMMAD HAZIQ BIN ZULKIPLI

16517

1. OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this report is to design the reinforcement for footing.

2. INTRODUCTION
Footing is the final element of load transferring from top-to-bottom before the loads is
distributed to the surrounding ground. Beyond the footing, the foundation transfer the
loading in two ways namely Point load and Shaft resistance. The permissible bearing
capacity of the soil must not be exceeded if not, excessive settlement will occur and
damage the building.
There are many kinds of footing shape such as pad footing and strip footing. The
general design method is the same where the loads from the column is known and one
design based on the load. Three checking need to be done which are, punching
shear, bending moment and maximum shear at 1 .0d from the face of column.

3. PROCEDURES
1. Calculate effective depth
=12
2. Calculate the necessary parameters.
Area of footing.
Column perimeter, u.
o=4
Basic control parameter
o+4
Area within parameter
o(+4)24((2)2(2)/24)
3. Ultimate Limit State
Calculate earth pressure.
o/
Maximum Shear Resistance, ,
o,=0.5(0.6(1/250))/1.5
4. Check for Punching Shear

Punching Shear Force,

o= ( )
Calculate , &,
o,=(0.12(100)1/3)
o,=(0.0351.51/2)

5. Design for Bending Shear

Calculate Moment,
o=( )()
Design for Reinforcement needed
oDesign procedure same as designing beam
6. Recheck Punching Shear

Recalculate ,

7. Check for Maximum Shear at distance 1.0d from face of column

Calculate
o=

Calculate ,
o,=(0.12(100)1/3)

4. DATA & RESULTS

Data
Column size
Footing size
Compressive strength of concrete, fck
Tensile strength of steel, fyk
Main steel size
Characteristic Dead Load
Characteristic Live Load
Concrete cover (From previous report)

300 x 300 mm
2000 x 2000 mm
30 N/mm2
500 N/mm2
16 mm
15 kN/m2
5 kN/m2
35 mm

5. CALCULATIONS
Effective depth
Assume footing height = 400 mm
1

= 400 2
1

= 400 35 2(16)
= 357
Area of footing

= 2000 2000
= 4106 2
= 4 2

Column Perimeter, u
=4
= 4300
= 1200
Basic control parameter
= +4
= 1200 + 4(357) =5686.19

Area within parameter

=( + 4)2 4((2)2

(2d)2
)
4
(2(357))2
)
4

=(300+ 4(357))2 4((2(357))2

=2.54106

Footing A1, A3, D1, D3

For Ultimate Limit State
Earth Pressure =

157.49
4

= 39.37kN/2

Maximum Shear Resistance, ..max at face of column

. = 0.5ud (0.6 (1 - 250

)) 1.5

30

30

= 0.5(1200)(357)(0.6(1-250 ))1.5
= 2261.95 kN > ( = 157.49 kN)
1. Check for Punching Shear
a. Punching Shear Force, VEd
= ( a)
= (39.37)(42.54)
= 57.48

b. VRd,c & VRd,min

1

, = (0.12(100fck)3 )bd

= 1+

200

= 1+
=1.75

200
357

= (0.121.75(100 0.02 30)3 )(5686.19)(357)

= 1668.88 kN
1

=0.02

, = (0.035K1.5 ck 2 )
= 0.0351.751.5 30(5686.19)(357)
= 900.90 kN Since , >, >d, h (400mm) assumed is sufficient
2. Design for bending shear
a. Calculate Moment, MEd
MEd = (Earth pressure x Area)(Arm)
= (39.37 x 1.7)(

0.85
)
2

= 28.44kNm
Design for reinforcement needed

1. Check singly or doubly

k=

28.44(10 6 )
30(2000 )(357)2

= 0.0037< 0.167

It is singly reinforced.
2. Check limit for Z
Z = d 0.5 + 0.25

0.0037
1.134

} = 0.997d > 0.954d

limit.

3. Reinforcement (Area) required

28.44 10 6

= 0.87

= 0.87(500)(0.954 357) = 191.972

Z = 0.954d since it is over the

4. Area need to be provided

Area of Y16 main steel = 2 = (82 ) = 201.1 2 Area provided = (82 ) = 201.1 2
Reinforcement required =

191.97
201.1

= 0.955
K=1+

200

=1+

200
357

Provide 1 bar.
3. Recheck Punching Shear (Final Check)

= 1.75

a. .&.

P=

1
2

. = ( 0.12K (1000p) ) bd

=
1
2

201.1
2000 (357)

= 0.0003 < 0.02

= (0.12 x 1.75( 100 x 0.0003 x 30) (5686.19)(357)

= 404.42 kN

Since . > , h( 400 mm) assumed is sufficient.

4. Check for Maximum Shear at distance 1.0d from face of column

a.
= Earth pressure x b x d
= 39.37 x 2x (0.85- 0.357)
= 38.82kN

K=1+

200

=1+

200
357

b. .
.

= 1.75
1

= ( 0.12K (1000p)2 ) bd
1

P=

201.1
2000 (357)

= (0.12 x 1.75( 100 x 0.0003 x 30)2 (2000)(357)

= 142.25 kN

= 0.0003 < 0.02

Since . > , no shear reinforcement is needed.

Footing B1,B3,C1,C3
For Ultimate Limit State
Earth Pressure =

315.24
4

= 78.81kN/2

Maximum Shear Resistance, ..max at face of column

. = 0.5ud (0.6 (1 - 250

)) 1.5

30

30

= 0.5(1200)(357)(0.6(1-250 ))1.5
= 2261.95 kN> ( = 315.24)
1. Check for Punching Shear
a. Punching Shear Force, VEd
= ( a)
= (78.81)(42.54)
= 115.06
b. VRd,c&VRd,min
1

, = (0.12(100fck)3 )bd
= (0.121.75(100 0.02

, = (0.035K1.5 ck 2 )
= 0.0351.751.5 30(5686.19)(357)
= 900.90 kN
Since , >, >d, h (400mm) assumed is sufficient

2.. Design for bending shear

a. Calculate Moment, MEd
MEd = (Earth pressure x Area)(Arm)
0.85
)
2

= 56.94kNm
Design for reinforcement needed
1. Check singly or doubly
k=

56.94(10 6 )

= 30(2000 )(357)2 = 0.0074< 0.167

It is singly reinforced
.

200

= 1+
=1.75

200
357

1
30)3 )(5686.19)(357)

= 1668.88 kN

= (78.81 x 1.7)(

= 1+

=0.02

2. Check limit for Z

Z = d 0.5 + 0.25

1.134

} = 0.993d> 0.954d

Z = 0.954d since it is over the

limit.
3. Reinforcement (Area) required

= 0.8

56.94 10 6

= 0.85(500)(0.954 357) = 393.382

4. Area need to be provided

Area of Y16 main steel = 2 = (82 ) = 201.1 2 Area provided = 3(82 ) =
603.22
Reinforcement required =

393.38
201.1

= 1.96

Provide 2 bars.

K=1+

200

=1+

200
357

5. Recheck Punching Shear (Final Check)

= 1.75

b. .&.
1

P=

. = ( 0.12K (1000p)2 ) bd

= (0.12 x 1.75( 100 x 0.0008 x 30)2 (5686.19)(357)

603.2.
2000 (357)

= 0.0008 < 0.02

= 660.41kN
Since . > , h( 400 mm) assumed is sufficient.
6. Check for Maximum Shear at distance 1.0d from face of column
c.
= Earth pressure x b x d
= 78.81 x 2x (0.85- 0.357)
= 77.71kN

K=1+

200

=1+

200
352

= 1.75

d. .
.

= ( 0.12K (1000p)2 ) bd
1

= (0.12 x 1.75( 100 x 0.0008 x 30)2 (2000)(357)

= 232.29kN
Since . > , no shear reinforcement is needed

P=
=

603.2
2000 (357)

= 0.0008 < 0.02

Footing A2, D2
For Ultimate Limit State
Earth Pressure =

314.99
4

= 78.75kN/2

Maximum Shear Resistance, ..max at face of column

. = 0.5ud (0.6 (1 -

))
250 1.5
30

30

= 0.5(1200)(357)(0.6(1-250 ))1.5
= 2261.95 kN> ( = 314.99)
1. Check for Punching Shear
a. Punching Shear Force, VEd
= ( )
= 78.75 (42.54)
= 114.98
b. VRd,c & VRd,min
1

, = (0.12(100fck)3 )bd
= (0.121.75(100 0.02

1
30)3 )(5686.19)(357)

= 1668.88 kN
1

, = (0.035K1.5 ck 2 )
= 0.0351.751.5 30(5686.19)(357)
= 900.90 kN
Since , >, >d, h (400mm) assumed is sufficient
2. Design for bending shear
a. Calculate Moment, MEd
MEd = (Earth pressure x Area)(Arm)
= (78.75 x 1.7)(
= 56.90 kNm

0.85
)
2

= 1+

200

= 1+
=1.75

200
357

=0.02

 Design for reinforcement needed

1. Check singly or doubly
k=

56.90(10 6 )

= 30(2000 )(357)2 = 0.007< 0.167

It is singly reinforced.
2. Check limit for Z

Z = d 0.5 + 0.25 1.134 } = 0.994d < 0.954d

Z = 0.954d since it is over the

limit.
3.Reinforcement (Area) required
56.90 10 6

= 0.87

= 0.87(500)(0.954 357) = 384.072

4.Area need to be provided

Area of Y16 main steel = 2 = (82 ) = 201.1 2 Area provided = 3(82 ) =
603..22
Reinforcement required =

384.07
201.1

= 1.91

Provide 2 bars.
3. Recheck Punching Shear (Final Check)
c. .&.
.

1
2

K=1+

200

=1+

200
352

= ( 0.12K (1000p) ) bd
1
2

= (0.12 x 1.75( 100 x 0.0008 x 30) (5686.19)(357)

= 1.75

= 660.41 kN
P=
Since . > , h( 400 mm) assumed is sufficient.

603.2.
2000 (357)

= 0.0008 < 0.02

4. Check for Maximum Shear at distance 1.0d from face of column

e.
= Earth pressure x b x d
= 78.75 x 2 x (0.85- 0.357)
= 77.65kN
f.

K=1+

200

=1+

200
352

= 1.75

.
1

. = ( 0.12K (1000p)2 ) bd

P=

1
2

= (0.12 x 1.75( 100 x 0.0008 x 30) (2000)(357)

603.2
2000 (357)

= 0.0008 < 0.02

= 232.29kN
Since . > , no shear reinforcement is needed

Footing B2,C2
For Ultimate Limit State
Earth Pressure =

629.94
4

= 157.49 kN/2

Maximum Shear Resistance, ..max at face of column

. = 0.5ud (0.6 (1 - 250

)) 1.5

30

30

= 0.5(1200)(357)(0.6(1-250 ))1.5
= 2261.95 kN> ( = 629.94)
1. Check for Punching Shear
a. Punching Shear Force, VEd
= ( a)
= 157.49 (42.54)
= 229.94

b. VRd,c&VRd,min
1

, = (0.12(100fck)3 )bd
= (0.121.75(100 0.02

1
30)3 )(5686.19)

= 1+

200

= 1+
=1.75

200
357

(357)

= 1668.88 kN

, = (0.035K1.5 ck 2 )

=0.02

= 0.0351.751.5 30(5686.19)(357)
= 900.90 kN
Since , >, >d, h (400mm) assumed is sufficient
2.. Design for bending shear
a. Calculate Moment, MEd
MEd = (Earth pressure x Area)(Arm)
= (157.49 x 1.7)(

0.85
)
2

= 113.79kNm
Design for reinforcement needed

1. Check singly or doubly

k=

113.79(10 6 )

= 30(2000 )(357)2 = 0.015< 0.167

It is singly reinforced.
2. Check limit for Z

Z = d 0.5 + 0.25 1.134 } = 0.987d < 0.954d

limit.

Z = 0.954d since it is over the

3. Reinforcement (Area) required

= 0.8

113.79 10 6

= 0.85(500)(0.954 357) = 786.142

4. Area need to be provided

Area of Y16 main steel = 2 = (82 ) = 201.1 2 Area provided = 4(82 ) =
1005.52
Reinforcement required =

786.14
201.1

= 3.91

Provide 4 bars.
3. Recheck Punching Shear (Final Check)
K=1+

200

=1+

200
357

d. .&.
.

1
2

= ( 0.12K (1000p) ) bd

= 1.75

1
2

= (0.12 x 1.75( 100 x 0.0014 x 30) (5686.19)(357)

P=

= 873.64N

Since . > , h( 400 mm) assumed is sufficient.

1005 .5
2000 (352)

= 0.0014 < 0.02

4. Check for Maximum Shear at distance 1.0d from face of column

g.
= Earth pressure x b x d
= 157.49 x 2 x (0.85- 0.357)
= 155.29 kN

K=1+

200

=1+

200
357

h. .
.

= 1.75
1

= ( 0.12K (1000p)2 ) bd

P=

1005 .5
2000 (352)

= (0.12 x 1.75( 100 x 0.0014 x 30)2 (2000)(357)

= 307.29 kN

= 0.0014 < 0.02

Since . > , no shear reinforcement is needed

6. CONCLUSION
The aim/objective of this report which is to design the footing is achieved. From this
report, we can conclude the important parameter to look at when designing for
footing. Every part of RC structure is interconnected, without knowing how the load is
transferred from the top to the bottom, it is impossible to design a RC structure.