Conditionals

Las condicionales se utilizan para hablar sobre situaciones reales o irreales. En general,
las frases condicionales llevan la palabra if (si).

Ten en cuenta que no existe un tiempo verbal para el condicional en ingls como
existe en espaol. A la vez, se usa el verbo auxiliar would para formar el condicional
en ingls.

Hay cuatro tipos de frases condicionales y el uso de uno u otro refleja la probabilidad
de la accin.

Zero conditional

Se usa este tipo de condicional cuando la condicin y el resultado siempre es verdad,

como por ejemplo los hechos cientficos. No es un tipo `real` de condicional, ya que los
dos eventos descritos ocurren.

IF + PRESENT SIMPLE / PRESENT SIMPLE



If you heat water to 100 C, it boils.

Water boils, if you heat it to 100 C.

If I dont practice the piano everyday I play bad.

If you dont call your mom, she gets angry

**Nota: Podemos cambiar el orden de las frases sin cambiar el significado. Tambin,
en general con este tipo de condicional, podemos sustituir if por when sin alterar
el significado.

If I stay up late, I feel awful the next day
When the moon passes between the earth and the sun, there is an eclipse.


If you press that button, the light (come) on.
It's easier to sleep if (you / not / be) stressed.
The teacher gets angry if (we / not / work) hard.
If (I / go) on a boat, I always feel sick.
His mother gets annoyed if (he / be) late.
If (I / not / know) a word, I look in my dictionary.
They play football if (they / not / have) any
homework.
If you freeze water, (it / turn) to ice

First conditional

Se usa este tipo de condicional para hablar de posibles eventos en el futuro si algo
pasa.

IF + PRESENT SIMPLE / FUTURE TENSE WILL + INFINITIVO


If Bill studies, he will pass the exam. / Bill will pass the exam if he studies.

If it doesnt rain, we will go to the beach. / We will go to the beach if it doesnt
rain.



If I pass Cambridge First exam, Ill have a big party!

If you dont stop talking, Ill send you to the head teacher.

If the potos are good, Ill send them to you.


1) If I . (go) out tonight, I . (go) to the cinema.

2) If you . (get) back late, I . (be) angry.

3) If we .. (not/see) each other tomorrow, we .(see) each
other next week.

4) If he . (come) , I . (be) surprised.

5) If we . (wait) here, we . (be) late.

6) If we . (go) on holiday this summer, we .
(go) to Spain.

7) If the weather. (not/improve) , we .
(not/have) a picnic.

8) They . (go) to the party if they . (be)
invited.

9) If I . (not/go) to bed early, I . (be) tired tomorrow.

9) If I . (not/go) to the party, I ..(not be) tired.

10) If we (eat) all this cake, we . (feel) sick .

11) She . (stay) in London if she . (get) a job.

12) If you . (not/want) to go out, I . (cook)
dinner at home.

13) I . (come) early, if you . (want).

14) He . (not/get) a better job if he .
(not/pass) that exam.

15) I . (buy) a new dress if I . (have) enough
money.

16) She . (cook) dinner if you . (go) to the
supermarket.

17) They . (go) to the beach if they . (have) time.

18) We . (be) late if we the train. (not/get).

19) She . (take) a taxi if it. (rain).

20) I . (not/go) if you . (not/come) with me.



**** Unless es una conjuncin que significa if not, asi que la frase siguiente a unless
nunca puede ser una forma negativa.


Ill see you at the train station at 7, unless I hear from you.

Unless we book train tickets in advance, we wont get a discount.


Choose IF or UNLESS
1.- She wont know the truth . you tell it to her
2.- . you arrive early, youll be able to meet the customers before the
meeting.
3.- . she eats healthy food, she wont lose some weight
4.- They wont arrive on time . they finish the work early
5.- Will she be able to eat some cake . I put eggs in it?

1.- She wont go to work .
2.- Will you take part in the race.
3.- I wont be able to visit you tomorrow.
4.- The project wont be ready today.
5.- I wont receive the letter .

a.- Sally doesnt lend me her car
b.- we spend all the evening working on it
c.- she feels better tomorrow
d.- the address is written incorrectly
e.- your bike is ready to be used?

Second conditional

Se utiliza el tipo 2 para expresar una posibilidad irreal en el presente, como un deseo o
un sueo, o para una accin en el futuro no tan probable.
Hipottica o improbable situacin.

IF + PAST SIMPLE / WOULD + INFINITIVO


If I won the lottery, I would travel around the world.

If Rachel had more time, she would learn to play the guitar.


If there was a fire in this hotel, it would be difficult to escape.

If I were you, Id buy this skirt.

If I won the lottery, Id give all the money to Oxfam.


1) If I (be) you, I (look for) a new job.

2) If he (be) younger, he (travel) more.

3) If we (not/be) friends, I (be) angry with you.

4) If I (have) enough money, I (buy) a big house.

5) If she (not/be) always so rude, she (be) very
friendly.

6) If we (win) the lottery, we (travel) around the
world.

7) If you (have) a better job, we (be) able to buy a
new car.

8) If I (speak) perfect English, I (have) a good job.

9) If we (live) in Mexico, I (speak) Spanish.

10) If she (pass) the exam, she (be) able to enter
university.

11) She (be) happier if she (have) more friends.

12) We (buy) a house if we (decide) to stay here.


13) They (have) more money if they (not/buy) so
many clothes

14) We (come) to dinner if we (have) time.

15) She (call) him if she (have) his number.

16) They (go) to Spain on holiday if they (like) hot
weather.

17) She (pass) the exam if she (study) more.

18) I (marry) someone famous if I (be) a movie
star.

19) We (not/be) late again if we (buy) a new car.

20) You (lose) weight if you (eat) less.

If I (live) on a lonely island, I (run) around naked
all day.

We (help) you if we (know) how.


If I (feel) better, I (go) to the cinema with you.


FIRST AND SECOND CONDITIONAL

1. If I get home late tonight, I (not eat).

2. If Jan could run 100 metres in 10 seconds, he (be) an athlete.

3. If Simon catches a fish today, we (eat) it.

4. She (buy) a Porsche if she won the lottery.

5. If it (rain) in the Sahara desert, everyone would be very
surprised.

6. If it rains tonight, we (can/go) to the cinema.

7. If your dog spoke, you (can/sell) it to the circus.

8. If we play football on Saturday, I (be) tired on Sunday.

9. You (become) fat if you eat too much.

10. If I (be) you, I wouldn't accept that job. It sounds terrible!!

Adverbs

Un adverbio es una palabra que acompaa al verbo para modificar su significado. Un
adverbio tambin puede modificar a los adjetivos, a los nombres o a otros adverbios.

Ejemplo:

She speaks quickly. (Ella habla rpido.)

En este ejemplo quickly es un adverbio de modo que modifica al verbo to speak
para expresar como habla ella.

Grammatical Rules (Reglas gramaticales)

1. La regla general para formar adverbios es aadir la terminacin -ly a un adjetivo,
que equivale a la terminacin en castellano de (mente).


quick quickly (rpido rpidamente)

honest honestly (honesto honestamente)


2. Para los adjetivos que terminan en consonante -y, cambian la terminacin -y por
la de -ily.


easy easily

happy happily


3. Adjetivos terminados en -ic se cambia la terminacin -ic por -ically.


automatic automatically

tragic tragically


4. Adjetivos terminados en -le, se cambia la terminacin -le por -ly.


terrible terribly

incredible incredibly


5. Algunos adverbios no terminan en -ly.


hard (difcil, duro o fuerte)

fast (rpido)

I worked hard on the project all day // I hardly had time to stop for a coffee all day
I finished the work late in the evening // I worked more hours at work lately

Function of Adverbs (La funcion de los adverbios)

Los adverbios por otro lado, nos dicen algo sobre el modo de hacer una accin. Pueden
modificar a los verbos, a los adjetivos o a otros adverbios.
Verbo


Miguel runs fast. (Miguel corre rpido.)

You speak loudly. (Hablas alto.)

Adverbio


He runs really fast. (l corre muy rpido.)

You speak very loudly. (Hablas muy alto.)

Adjetivo


I am very happy. (Estoy muy contenta.)

She is really nice. (Ella es muy simptica.)


beautiful

horrible

fast

crazy

slow

hard