SamakiBuford

JakePowell
Period1
16January2016

1. IntroductiontoSegregationofboardofeducation

a.ThiscaseisablendofseveraldifferentcasesfromKansas,SouthCarolina,Virginia,
andDelaware.Severalblackshadtoadmittopublicschoolsthatrequiredorpermitted
segregationbasedonrace.Theprosecutorsallegedthatsegregationwasunconstitutionalunder
theEqualProtectionClauseoftheFourteenthAmendment.Inallbutonecase,athreejudge
federaldistrictcourtcitedPlessyv.Fergusonindenyingreliefundertheseparatebutequal
doctrine.OnappealtotheSupremeCourt,theprosecutorsclaimedthatsegregatedschoolswere
notandcouldnotbemadeequalMandthattheywerethereforedeprivedofequalprotectionof
thelaws.basicallytheIssuewasiftheracebasedsegregationofchildrenintoseparatebut
equalpublicschoolsconstitutional.
b.OliverandLendabrownwerethosegoingagainstthecasewasnamedafterOliver
BrownofTopeka,Kansas,anAfricanAmericanmanwhosedaughterLindarodealongrideto
schooleveryday.Lindawastoldthatshecouldn'tadmittoanallwhite,neighborhoodschool
justfiveblocksfromherhome.Thecasebecameaclassactionsuitinvolvingfivestates,

combinedunderBrown.OncetheyreachedtheSupremeCourt,Thetwoleadattorneyswere
CharlesH.HoustonandThurgoodMarshall.
2.Court'sdecision
a. ChiefJusticeEarlWarrenwrotetheopiniononMay17,1954.TheCourt'slanguagegave
tosomeofthemainpointsthatAfricanAmericansargued,thatsegregation"generatesa
feelingofinferiorityastotheirstatusinthecommunitythatmayaffecttheirheartsand
mindsinawayunlikelytobeundone."

b. ShermanMinton
FelixFrankfurter
HugoBlack
ChiefJusticeEarlWarren
StanleyWilliamO.Douglas
TomC.Clark
RobertH.Jackson
HaroldH.Burton
i.Ajusticeisamemberofasupremecourt.ThesevenjusticesoftheSupremeCourt
ofOhioareelectedtoservesixyearterms.Toqualifyascandidates,theymusthavebeen
licensedattorneyswithatleastsixyearsofpreviousexperience.

3.Brown'sattorneysarguedthattheoperationofseparateschools,basedonrace,washarmfulto
AfricanAmericanchildren.Atestimonywasprovidedtosupporttheideathatlegalsegregation

causedbothfundamentallyloweducationandlowselfesteemamongminoritystudents.The
BrownfamilylawyersstatedthatsegregationbylawwastheideathatAfricanAmericanswere
inferiortowhites.ForthesereasonstheyaskedtheCourttobemoreserioustowardssegregation
underthelaw.FortheAttorneysTopekaarguedthattheseparateschoolsfornonwhitesin
Topekawereequalineveryway,andwereincompleteconformitywiththestandard.Buildings,
thecoursesofstudyoffered,andthequalityofteacherswereinrelation.Somefederalfundsfor
NativeAmericansonlyappliedatthenonwhiteschools.Mostoftheseprogramsforminority
childrenwerebetterthanthoseofferedattheschoolsforwhites.TheypointedtothePlessy
decisionof1896tosupportsegregationandarguedthattheyhadingoodfaithcreatedequal
facilities,eventhoughracesweresegregated.Thatbeingsaid,theyargued,discriminationby
racedidnotharmchildren.

4.ThedeliberatespeedcalledforintheSupremeCourt'sBrowndecisionwasoutlookedby
eventsoutsidethenation'scourtrooms.InMontgomery,Alabama,arevoltagainstsegregated
publictransportationinspiredamultitudeofsimilarprotestsandboycotts.Anumberofschool
districtsintheSouthernandborderstatesdesegregatedpeacefully.Elsewhere,whiteresistance
toschooldesegregationresultedinopendefianceandviolentconfrontations,requiringtheuseof
federaltroopsinLittleRock,Arkansas,in1957.TheEffortstoendsegregationinSouthern
collegeswerebyrefusalstowelcomeAfricanAmericansintopreviouslyallwhitestudent
bodies.By1964,afterBrown,theNAACP'slegalcampaignhadbeenchangedintoamovement
togetridofalltracesofracisminAmericanlife.Thiseffort,ledtoandcaughttheattentionof

muchofthenation.Inmanyrespects,theidealsexpressedinBrownv.Boardhadinspiredthe
dreamofasocietybasedonjusticeandracialequality.Thiswasadesireforalltoberespected.
5.InmypersonalopinionIthinkthatthiscasewasveryinterestingbeingthatthetopicofracial
segregationisknowntobeveryserious.Inbothcases,lookingatthewidevarietyofevidence
towardspeopleofcolor,it'sobviousthatitwasunfairtreatment.There'snovalidreasontowards
whyAfricanAmericanchildrencouldnotattendthesameaswhites.Noonerulessuperiorand
inthesecasesitappearedasthoughsometriedtojustifytheiractionsasiftheydidnowrong
doing.

1.IntroductiontoAbortion
a. Roe,apregnantsinglewoman,broughtaclassactionsuitchallengingthe
constitutionalityoftheTexasabortionlaws.Theselawsmadeitacrimetoobtainor
attemptanabortionexceptonmedicaladvicetosavethelifeofthemother.Other
prosecutorsinthelawsuitincludedHallford,adoctorwhofacedcriminalprosecutionfor
violatingthestateabortionlawsandtheDoes,amarriedcouplewithnochildren,who
soughtaninjunctionThedefendantwascountyDistrictAttorneyWadeAthreejudge
DistrictCourtpaneltriedthecasestogetherandheldthatRoeandHallfordhadstanding
tosueandpresentedjusticiablecontroversies,andthatdeclaratoryreliefwaswarranted.
b. U.S.SupremeCourtthatpublicizedapregnantwomanisentitledtohaveanabortion
untiltheendofthefirsttrimesterofpregnancywithoutanyinterferencebythestate.