CH 01 HW

2/22/2016
Ch01HW
Ch01HW
Due:11:59pmonFriday,February26,2016
Youwillreceivenocreditforitemsyoucompleteaftertheassignmentisdue.GradingPolicy
SignificantFiguresConceptualQuestion
InthepartsthatfollowselectwhetherthenumberpresentedinstatementAisgreaterthan,lessthan,orequaltothe
numberpresentedinstatementB.Besuretofollowalloftherulesconcerningsignificantfigures.
PartA
StatementA:2.567km ,totwosignificantfigures.
StatementB:2.567km ,tothreesignificantfigures.
Determinethecorrectrelationshipbetweenthestatements.
Hint1.Roundingandsignificantfigures
Roundingtoadifferentnumberofsignificantfigureschangesanumber.Forexample,considerthenumber
3.4536.Thisnumberhasfivesignificantfigures.Thefollowingtableillustratestheresultofroundingthis
numbertodifferentnumbersofsignificantfigures:
Foursignificantfigures
3.454
Threesignificantfigures 3.45
Twosignificantfigures
3.5
Onesignificantfigure
Noticethat,whenrounding3.4536toonesignificantfigure,since0.4536islessthan0.5,theresultis3,
eventhoughifyoufirstroundedtotwosignificantfigures(3.5),theresultwouldbe4.
ANSWER:
greaterthan
StatementAis
lessthan
StatementB.
equalto
Correct
PartB
StatementA:(2.567km +3.146km ),totwosignificantfigures.
StatementB:(2.567km ,totwosignificantfigures)+(3.146km ,totwosignificantfigures).
https://session.masteringphysics.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=4266218
1/21
2/22/2016
Ch01HW
ANSWER:
greaterthan
StatementAis
lessthan
StatementB.
equalto
Correct
EvaluatestatementAasfollows:(2.567km +3.146km )=5.713km totwosignificantfiguresis5.7km .
StatementBevaluatesas2.6km +3.1km =5.7km .Therefore,thetwostatementsareequal.
PartC
StatementA:Areaofarectanglewithmeasuredlength=2.536mandwidth=1.4m.
StatementB:Areaofarectanglewithmeasuredlength=2.536mandwidth=1.41m.
Sinceyouarenottoldspecificnumbersofsignificantfigurestoroundto,youmustusetherulesformultiplying
numberswhilerespectingsignificantfigures.Ifyouneedareminder,consultthehint.
Hint1.Significantfiguresandmultiplication
Whenyoumultiplytwonumbers,theresultshouldberoundedtothenumberofsignificantfiguresintheless
accurateofthetwonumbers.Forinstance,ifyoumultiply2.413(foursignificantfigures)times3.81(three
significantfigures),theresultshouldhavethreesignificantfigures:2.413 3.81 = 9.19 .Similarly,
2 7.664323 = 20 ,whensignificantfiguresarerespected(i.e.,15.328646roundedtoonesignificant
figure).
ANSWER:
greaterthan
StatementAis
lessthan
StatementB.
equalto
Correct
EvaluatestatementAasfollows:(2.536m)(1.4m)=3.5504m2 totwosignificantfiguresis3.6m2 .
StatementBevaluatesas(2.536m)(1.41m)=3.57576m2 tothreesignificantfiguresis3.58m2 .
Therefore,statementAisgreaterthanstatementB.
VectorComponentsReview
LearningGoal:
2/21
2/22/2016
Ch01HW
Tointroduceyoutovectorsandtheuseofsineandcosineforatrianglewhenresolvingcomponents.
Vectorsareanimportantpartofthelanguageofscience,mathematics,andengineering.Theyareusedtodiscuss
multivariablecalculus,electricalcircuitswithoscillatingcurrents,stressandstraininstructuresandmaterials,and
flowsofatmospheresandfluids,andtheyhavemanyotherapplications.Resolvingavectorintocomponentsisa
precursortocomputingthingswithoraboutavectorquantity.Becauseposition,velocity,acceleration,force,
momentum,andangularmomentumareallvectorquantities,resolvingvectorsintocomponentsisthemostimportant
skillrequiredinamechanicscourse.
showsthecomponentsofF ,Fx andFy ,alongthexandy
axesofthecoordinatesystem,respectively.The
componentsofavectordependonthecoordinatesystem's
orientation,thekeybeingtheanglebetweenthevectorand
thecoordinateaxes,oftendesignated .
PartA
showsthestandardwayofmeasuringtheangle. is
measuredtothevectorfromthexaxis,and
counterclockwiseispositive.
ExpressFx andFy intermsofthelengthofthe
vectorF andtheangle ,withthecomponents
separatedbyacomma.
ANSWER:
Fx
,Fy =
cosF , sinF
3/21
2/22/2016
Ch01HW
Correct
Inprinciple,youcandeterminethecomponentsofanyvectorwiththeseexpressions.IfF liesinoneofthe
otherquadrantsoftheplane, willbeananglelargerthan90degrees(or/2 inradians)andcos() and
sin() willhavetheappropriatesignsandvalues.
UnfortunatelythiswayofrepresentingF ,thoughmathematicallycorrect,leadstoequationsthatmustbe
simplifiedusingtrigidentitiessuchas
sin(180
+ ) = sin()
and
cos(90
+ ) = sin()
Thesemustbeusedtoreducealltrigfunctionspresentinyourequationstoeithersin() orcos() .Unless

youperformthisfollowupstepflawlessly,youwillfailtorecoginzethat
sin(180
+ ) + cos(270
) = 0
andyourequationswillnotsimplifysothatyoucanprogressfurthertowardasolution.Therefore,itisbestto
expressallcomponentsintermsofeithersin() orcos() ,with between0and90degrees(or0and/2
inradians),anddeterminethesignsofthetrigfunctionsbyknowinginwhichquadrantthevectorlies.
PartB
WhenyouresolveavectorF intocomponents,thecomponentsmusthavetheform|F | cos() or|F | sin() .
Thesignsdependonwhichquadrantthevectorliesin,andtherewillbeonecomponentwithsin() andtheother
withcos() .
Inrealproblemstheoptimalcoordinatesystemisoftenrotatedsothatthexaxisisnothorizontal.Furthermore,
mostvectorswillnotlieinthefirstquadrant.Toassignthesineandcosinecorrectlyforvectorsatarbitraryangles,
youmustfigureoutwhichangleis andthenproperlyreorientthedefinitionaltriangle.
Asanexample,considerthevectorN showninlabeled
"tiltedaxes,"whereyouknowtheangle betweenN
andtheyaxis.
Whichofthevariouswaysoforientingthedefinitional
trianglemustbeusedtoresolveN intocomponentsin
thetiltedcoordinatesystemshown?(Inthefigures,the
hypotenuseisblue(longdashes),thesideadjacentto
isred(shortdashes),andthesideoppositeisyellow
(solid).)
4/21
2/22/2016
Ch01HW
Indicatethenumberofthefigurewiththecorrectorientation.
Hint1.Recommendedprocedureforresolvingavectorintocomponents
Firstfigureoutthesinesandcosinesof ,thenfigureoutthesignsfromthequadrantthevectorisinand
writeinthesigns.
Hint2.Findingthetrigonometricfunctions
Sineandcosinearedefinedaccordingtothefollowingconvention,withthekeylengthsshowningreen:The
hypotenuse(bluelongdashes)hasunitlength,thesideadjacent(redshortdashes)to haslengthcos() ,
andthesideopposite(yellowsolid)haslengthsin() .
5/21
2/22/2016
Ch01HW
ANSWER:
1
2
3
4
Correct
PartC
Choosethecorrectprocedurefordeterminingthecomponentsofavectorinagivencoordinatesystemfromthis
list:
ANSWER:
Aligntheadjacentsideofarighttrianglewiththevectorandthehypotenusealongacoordinatedirection
with astheincludedangle.
Alignthehypotenuseofarighttrianglewiththevectorandanadjacentsidealongacoordinatedirection
Aligntheoppositesideofarighttrianglewiththevectorandthehypotenusealongacoordinatedirection
Alignthehypotenuseofarighttrianglewiththevectorandtheoppositesidealongacoordinatedirection
Correct
PartD
6/21
2/22/2016
Ch01HW
Thespacearoundacoordinatesystemisconventionallydividedintofournumberedquadrantsdependingonthe
signsofthexandycoordinates.Considerthefollowing
conditions:
A.x > 0,y > 0
B.x > 0,y < 0
C.x < 0,y > 0
D.x < 0,y < 0
Whichoftheseletteredconditionsaretrueinwhichthe
numberedquadrantsshownin?
Writetheanswerinthefollowingway:IfAweretrue
inthethirdquadrant,Binthesecond,Cinthefirst,
andDinthefourth,
enter"3,2,1,4"asyourresponse.
ANSWER:
1,4,2,3
Correct
PartE
NowfindthecomponentsNx andNy ofN inthetiltedcoordinatesystemofPartB.
ExpressyouranswerintermsofthelengthofthevectorN andtheangle ,withthecomponents
separatedbyacomma.
ANSWER:
Nx
,Ny =
N sin, N cos
7/21
2/22/2016
Ch01HW
Correct
Exercise1.12
PartA
Therecommendeddailyallowance(RDA)ofthetracemetalmagnesiumis410mg/day formales.Expressthis
quantitying/day.
Expressyouranswerusingtwosignificantfigures.
ANSWER:
4.1105 g/day
Correct
PartB
Foradults,theRDAoftheaminoacidlysineis12mgperkg ofbodyweight.Howmanygramsperdayshoulda
78kg adultreceive?
ANSWER:
0.94 g/day
Correct
PartC
Atypicalmultivitamintabletcancontain2.0mgofvitaminB2(riboflavin),andtheRDAis0.0030g/day .How
manysuchtabletsshouldapersontakeeachdaytogettheproperamountofthisvitamin,assumingthathegets
nonefromanyothersources?
Expressyouranswerasaninteger.
ANSWER:
2 tablets
Correct
8/21
2/22/2016
Ch01HW
PartD
TheRDAforthetraceelementseleniumis0.000070g/day .Expressthisdoseinmg/day .
ANSWER:
7.0102 mg/day
Correct
Exercise1.7
PartA
Howmanyyearsolderwillyoube1.10billionsecondsfromnow?(Assumea365dayyear.)
ANSWER:
34.9 years
Correct
Exercise1.24
Youareusingwatertodilutesmallamountsofchemicalsinthelaboratory,dropbydrop.
PartA
Howmanydropsofwaterareina1.0Lbottle?(Hint:Startbyestimatingthediameterofadropofwater.)
ANSWER:
10
10
10
10
dropsofwater
2
dropsofwater
dropsofwater
dropsofwater
Correct
VectorAdditionandSubtraction
9/21
2/22/2016
Ch01HW
Ingeneralitisbesttoconceptualizevectorsasarrowsinspace,andthentomakecalculationswiththemusingtheir
components.(Youmustfirstspecifyacoordinatesysteminordertofindthecomponentsofeacharrow.)Thisproblem
givesyousomepracticewiththecomponents.
LetvectorsA= (1, 0, 3) ,B = (2, 5, 1) ,andC =
orderedtripletsofvaluesseparatedbycommas.
(3, 1, 1)
.Calculatethefollowing,andexpressyouranswersas
PartA
ANSWER:
= 3,5,4
A B
Correct
PartB
ANSWER:
= 5,4,0
B C
Correct
PartC
ANSWER:
= 6,4,3
A + B C
Correct
PartD
ANSWER:
= 3,2,11
3A 2C
Correct
PartE
10/21
2/22/2016
Ch01HW
ANSWER:
= 11,14,8
2A + 3B C
Correct
PartF
ANSWER:
2A 3(B C )
= 17,12,6
Correct
TrackingaPlane
Aradarstation,locatedattheoriginofxzplane,asshowninthefigure,detectsanairplanecomingstraightatthe
stationfromtheeast.Atfirstobservation(pointA),the
positionoftheairplanerelativetotheoriginisRA .The
positionvectorRA hasamagnitudeof360mandislocated
atexactly40degrees abovethehorizon.Theairplaneis
trackedforanother123degrees intheverticaleastwest
planefor5.0s ,untilithaspasseddirectlyoverthestation
andreachedpointB.ThepositionofpointBrelativetothe
originisRB (themagnitudeofRB is880m).Thecontact
pointsareshowninthediagram,wherethexaxisrepresents
thegroundandthepositivezdirectionisupward.
PartA
Definethedisplacementoftheairplanewhiletheradarwastrackingit:RBA
componentsof
RBA
= RB RA
.Whatarethe
ExpressRBA inmetersasanorderedpair,separatingthexandzcomponentswithacomma,totwo
significantfigures.
Hint1.Howtoapproachtheproblem
KeepinmindthatRBA
= RB RA
.Accordingtotherulesofvectoradditionandsubtraction,thex
11/21
2/22/2016
Ch01HW
componentofRBA is(RBA ) x
= (RB )
(RA )
Hint2.FindingthecomponentsofRA
^
WhatarethecomponentsofRA inthe^
i and k directions?
Expressyouranswerinmetersasanorderedpair,separatingthexandzvalueswithcommas,to
threesignificantfigures.
ANSWER:
RA
,RA = 276,231 m
z
Hint3.FindingthecomponentsofRB
^
WhatarethecomponentsofRB inthe^
i and k directions?
Expressyouranswerinmetersasanorderedpair,separatingthexandzcomponentswitha
comma,tothreesignificantfigures.
ANSWER:
RB
,RB = 842,257 m
z
ANSWER:
RBA
= 1100,26 m
Correct
VectorDotProduct
LetvectorsA= (2, 1, 4) ,B =
Calculatethefollowing:
(3, 0, 1)
,andC =
(1, 1, 2)
PartA
Hint1.Rememberthedotproductequation
IfM =
(M x , M y , M z )
andN =
(Nx , Ny , Nz )
,then
M N = M x Nx + M y Ny + M z Nz
ANSWER:
12/21
2/22/2016
Ch01HW
= 10
A B
Correct
PartB
Whatistheangle AB betweenAandB?
Expressyouranswerusingonesignificantfigure.
Hint1.Rememberthedefinitionofdotproducts
A B = |A | |B| cos()
,where istheanglebetweenAandB.
ANSWER:
AB
= 2 radians
Correct
PartC
ANSWER:
= 30
2B 3C
Correct
PartD
ANSWER:
2(B 3C )
= 30
Correct
PartE
Whichofthefollowingcanbecomputed?
13/21
2/22/2016
Ch01HW
Hint1.Dotproductoperator
Thedotproductoperatesonlyontwovectors.Thedotproductofavectorandascalarisnotdefined.
ANSWER:
A B C
A (B C )
A (B + C )
3A
Correct
andV 2 aredifferentvectorswithlengthsV1 andV2 respectively.Findthefollowing:
PartF
ExpressyouranswerintermsofV1
Hint1.Whatistheanglebetweenavectoranditself?
Theanglebetweenavectoranditselfis0.
Hint2.Rememberthedefinitionofdotproducts
A B = |A | |B| cos()
,where istheanglebetweenAandB.
ANSWER:
V1
Correct
PartG
IfV 1 andV 2 areperpendicular,
Hint1.Whatistheanglebetweenperpendicularvectors?
Theanglebetweenvectorsthatareperpendicularisequalto/2 radiansor90degrees.
14/21
2/22/2016
Ch01HW
ANSWER:
V
Correct
PartH
IfV 1 andV 2 areparallel,
ExpressyouranswerintermsofV1 andV2 .
Hint1.Whatistheanglebetweenparallelvectors?
Theanglebetweenvectorsthatareparallelisequalto0.
ANSWER:
V1 V2
Correct
FindingtheCrossProduct
ThefigureshowstwovectorsT and
U separatedbyanangle TU .
YouaregiventhatT =
(3, 1, 0)
,U =
(2, 4, 0)
,and
T U = V
PartA
15/21
2/22/2016
Ch01HW
ExpressV asanorderedtripletofvalues,separatedbycommas.
ANSWER:
V
0,0,10
=
Correct
PartB
FindthemagnitudeofV .
ANSWER:
|V |
= 10
Correct
PartC
FindthesineoftheanglebetweenT and
U.
ANSWER:
sin( T U )
= 0.707
Correct
Exercise1.40
Ineachcase,findthexandycomponentsofvectorA.
PartA
A =
^
4.40^
i 6.70 j
Enteryouranswersnumericallyseparatedbyacomma.Expressyouranswersusingthreesignificant
figures.
ANSWER:
Ax
,Ay = 4.40,6.70
16/21
2/22/2016
Ch01HW
Correct
PartB
A =
^
11.2^
j 8.91 i
figures.
ANSWER:
Ax
,Ay = 8.91,11.2
Correct
PartC
A =
^
12.0^
i + 22.0 j
figures.
ANSWER:
Ax
,Ay = 12.0,22.0
Correct
PartD
^
A = 5.0B
^
,whereB
^
8^
i 4 j
Enteryouranswersnumericallyseparatedbyacomma.Expressyouranswersusingonesignificantfigure.
ANSWER:
Ax
,Ay = 40,20
Correct
Problem1.81
Whilefollowingatreasuremap,youstartatanoldoaktree.Youfirstwalk825mdirectlysouth,thenturnandwalk
1.25km at30.0 westofnorth,andfinallywalk1.00km at40.0 northofeast,whereyoufindthetreasure:a
17/21
2/22/2016
Ch01HW
biographyofIsaacNewton!
PartA
Toreturntotheoldoaktree,inwhatdirectionshouldyouhead?Usecomponentstosolvethisproblem.
ANSWER:
= 8.90 westofsouth
Correct
PartB
Toreturntotheoldoaktree,howfarwillyouwalk?Usecomponentstosolvethisproblem.
ANSWER:
D
= 911 m
Correct
Problem1.66
Threehorizontalropespullonalargestonestuckintheground,producingthevectorforcesA,B,andC showninthe
figure.
PartA
Findthemagnitudeofafourthforceonthestonethatwillmakethevectorsumofthefourforceszero.
ANSWER:
18/21
2/22/2016
Ch01HW
90.2 N
Correct
PartB
Findthedirectionofafourthforceonthestonethatwillmakethevectorsumofthefourforceszero.
ANSWER:
256 counterclockwisefrom+x axis
Correct
Exercise1.53
GiventwovectorsA=
^
2.00 i +
^
^
^
3.00^
j + 3.00 k and B = 4.00 i + 1.00 j 3.00k ,dothefollowing.
PartA
FindthemagnitudeofthevectorA.
ANSWER:
|A|= 4.69
Correct
PartB
FindthemagnitudeofthevectorB.
ANSWER:
|B|= 5.10
Correct
PartC
WriteanexpressionforthevectordifferenceA B.
19/21
2/22/2016
Ch01HW
Enteryouranswersnumericallyseparatedbycommas.
ANSWER:
x,y,z= 6.00,2.00,6.00
Correct
PartD
FindthemagnitudeofthevectordifferenceA B.
ANSWER:
|A B|= 8.72
Correct
PartE
IsthisthesameasthemagnitudeofB A?
ANSWER:
yes
no
Correct
Problem1.96
PartA
^
TwovectorsAandBhavemagnitudeA=2.92andB=3.07.TheirvectorproductisA B=5.05k
+1.91^
i.
WhatistheanglebetweenAandB?
ANSWER:
= 37.0
Correct
20/21
2/22/2016
Ch01HW
ScoreSummary:
Yourscoreonthisassignmentis101%.
Youreceived40.26outofapossibletotalof40points.
21/21

CH 01 HW

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Originaltitel

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

CH 01 HW

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

2/22/2016

Thesemustbeusedtoreducealltrigfunctionspresentinyourequationstoeithersin() orcos() .Unless

andV 2 aredifferentvectorswithlengthsV1 andV2 respectively.Findthefollowing:

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen