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SYRIAN CIVIL WAR

SYRIA
Syrian Arab Republic
Present-day Syria is only a small portion of the olden geographical
Syrian landmass, a region located at the eastern end of the
Mediterranean Sea.
Western powers created the present-day states of Syria, Lebanon,
Jordan, and Israel in the post-Ottoman era of the early twentieth century.
Population: 22.16 million
Gained independence on 17 April 1946.
Muslim 87% ( includes 74% Alawi and Sunni, 13% Ismaili and Shia ),
Christian 10% (includes Orthodox, Uniate, and Nestorian), Druze 3%,
Jewish

PRESIDENT BASHAR AL-ASSAD


Syrian president from 2000. He
succeeded his father, Hafiz alAssad, who had ruled Syria
since 1971.

More than 11 million others have been forced from their homes
as forces devoted to Mr. Assad and those opposed to his rule fight
each other - as well as jihadist militants from Islamic State

PRESIDENT BASHAR AL-ASSAD


Hafiz al Assad died in 2000 and was quickly replaced by his son,
Bashar al Assad, after the constitution was amended to reduce the
mandatory minimum age of the president from 40 to 34.
The government and Baath party owns and controls much of the
media.

UPRISING THAT TURNED INTO CONFLICT


Pro-democracy protests broke out in March 2011 in the
southern city of Deraa after the arrest and torture of some
teenagers who painted revolutionary slogans on a school wall.
Protesters called for the revoke of the restrictive Emergency
Law allowing arrests without charge, the legalization of
political parties, and the removal of corrupt local officials.
Security forces opened fire on protestors, causing even more of
an uproar.
By July 2011, hundreds of thousands of people were taking to
the streets across the country.

WHO ARE THE SYRIAN REBELS?


Syrian rebels are the armed group that rose after the 2011 uprising
against President Bashar al-Assad.
They're ordered against the Syrian government in a collection of
groups and factions, each with its own intentions. Some are in league
with al Qaeda
The opposition has transformed in the last few years. It started with
everyday Syrians angry at police for arresting children who painted
anti-government graffiti. Now it attracts fighters from outside Syria.
In July 2011, seven Syrian military officers appeared in a YouTube
video announcing their defection, calling themselves the "Free Syrian
Army" and promising to wage guerrilla war against al-Assad.
Thousands of foreign fighters are believed to have traveled to Syria to
join the rebels since early 2011. The Washington Institute for Near
East Policy estimates the total at between 2,000 and 5,500.

ISIS WITHIN SYRIA


US Secretary of State said in September of 2013 that Islamist
extremists make up only 15 to 25% of the rebel forces.
The Syrian opposition coalition claims that ISIS is an organization
designed to undermine the principles of the revolution and pevert the
meaning of Islam.
ISIS denies reality, refusing to recognize that it is simply another
group. It refuses to go to independent courts; it attacked many other
groups, stole their weapons, occupied their headquarters, and
arbitrarily apprehended numerous activists, journalists and rebels. It
has been torturing its prisoners. These transgressions accumulated,
and people got fed up with ISIS. Some of those people have attacked
ISISs positions. - Hassan Aboud of the Islamic Front
http://
www.cnn.com/videos/world/2015/12/07/fleeing-raqqa-isis-syria-lee-pkg
.cnn

LIFE IN SYRIA

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