DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF POWER GENERATION FROM

SPEED BREAKERS
A PROJECT REPORT
Submitted by
A.ADARSH (1021240006)
N.M.SURAJ (1021240045)
R.KARTHIK (1021240054)
ARAVIND SELVARAJ (1021240089)
ARAVIND.R.MANI (1021240091)
IJAZ AHMED (1021240232)
P.PRAJWEL (1021240234)
Under the guidance of

MRS.P.ARUNA RANI, B.E.,M.E.

(ASST.PROF. Department of Mechanical Engineering)

in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree in

B.TECH MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

of

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

Vadapalani Campus, April 2015

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this project report titled DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF

POWER GENERATION FROM SPEED BREAKERS is the bonafide work of
A.ADARSH(1021240006), N.M.SURAJ(1021240045), R.KARTHIK(1021240054),
ARAVIND

SELVARAJ(1021240089), ARAVIND.R.MANI(1021240091), IJAZ

AHMED(1021240232), P.PRAJWEL(1021240234), who carried out the project work

under my supervision. Certified further, that to the best of my knowledge the work
reported herein does not form any other project report or dissertation on the basis of
which a degree or award was conferred on an earlier occasion on this or any other
candidate.

SIGNATURE

MRS.P. ARUNA RANI, B.E.,M.E.

GUIDE

Signature of the Internal Examiner- I

SIGNATURE

Dr.S.KARTHIKEYAN M.E.,Ph.D
HEAD OF DEPARTMENT

Signature of the External Examiner- II

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We place our deep sense of gratitude to our beloved Chancellor, SRM

UNIVERSITY for providing us with the requisite infrastructure throughout the course. We
take the opportunity to extend our heartfelt thanks to our respected Dean, Dr.K.Duraivelu
for his support and impeccable guidance.

We

are extremely grateful to the Head of the Department,

Mr.Karthikeyan.S, for having encouraged and helped us throughout the course of our
project. Without her supervision and feedback, it would have been really hard for us to finish
our project in a timely manner. Thus, we feel deeply obliged for her support.

We are also grateful to our guide, Mrs.Aruna Rani for having assisted and
mentored us so diligently in the process of preparing our project. Without her persistent support
and co-operation, we couldnt have accomplished our ideas.

iii

ABSTRACT

In the present scenario power becomes the major need for human life .The
availability and its per capita consumptions are regarded as the index of national standard
of living in the present day civilization. Energy is an important input in all the sectors of
any countries economy. Energy crisis is due to two reasons, firstly the population of the
world has been increased rapidly and secondly standard of living of human beings has
increased. India is the country, which majorly suffers with lack of sufficient power
generation.
The availability of regular conventional fossil fuels will be the main
sources for power generation, but there is a fear that they will get exhausted eventually by
the next few decades. Therefore, we have to investigate some approximate, alternative,
new sources for the power generation, which is not depleted by the very few years.
Another major problem, which is becoming the exiting topic for today is the pollution. It
suffers all the living organisms of all kinds as on the land, in aqua and in air. Power
stations and automobiles are the major pollution producing places. Therefore, we have to
investigate other types of renewable sources, which produce electricity without using any
commercial fossil fuels, which is not producing any harmful products.
There are renewable sources of energy such as solar, hydro, wind etc but
however these sources cannot be forever dependant as they are sources of natural power
and manmade technology cannot control nature in all conditions as devastations are
bound to happen. Hence the need for smaller sources of energy that can provide energy
for a smaller scale was created. One such example of producing power in order to provide
energy for a smaller area/scale is from speed breakers.

iv

TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER

TITLE

PAGE NO.

Acknowledgement

iii)

Abstract

iv)

1.1 INTRODUCTION

1.2 BASIC PRINCIPLES

1.3 SET UP LAYOUT

2.1 TYPES OF MECHANISM

2.1.1 SPRING MECHANISM

2.1.2 RACK & PINION MECHANISM

2.1.3 SPROCKET MECHANISM

2.1.4 BEARING MECHANISM

10

2.1.5 FLYWHEEL MECHANISM

11

2.2 MAIN COMPONENTS

12

2.2.1 RACK

12

2.2.2 GEAR

12

2.2.3 GEAR MATERIALS

14

2.2.4 SHAFT

15

2.2.5 BEARINGS

15

2.2.6 FLYWHEEL

15

2.2.7 SPRING

16

2.2.8 GENERATOR

16

3.1 FABRICATION SUMMARY

19

3.1.1 FRAME

19

3.1.2 BEARING

20

3.1.3 SHAFT

20

3.1.4 RACK & PINION

20

3.1.5 FLYWHEEL

20

3.1.6 GENERATOR

20

4.1 MODEL CALCULATION

22

4.2 RELATIONSHIP BTW VOLTAGE

& SPEED OF VEHICLE

23

4.3 ADVANTAGES

25

4.4 DISADVANTAGES

25

5.1 COST ESTIMATION

26

6.1 RESULT & CONCLUSION

27

6.2 FABRICATED MODEL

28

7.1 FUTURE SCOPE

29

7.2 REFERENCE

29

LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE NO

PAGE NO

1.1

SPEED BREKAER

1.2

SPEED BREKAER

1.3

SET-UP LAYOUT

2.1

SPRING

2.2

RACK AND PINION

2.3

BLOCK DIAGRAM

2.4

SPROCKET MECHANISM

2.5

BEARING MECHANISM

10

2.6

FLYWHEEL

11

2.7

SPUR GEAR

13

2.8

BEVEL GEAR

13

2.9

HELICAL GEAR

14

2.10

SHAFT

15

2.11

FLYWHEEL

16

2.12

CONSTRUCTION OF
GENERATOR

16

2.13

WORKING PRINCIPLE OF
GENERATOR

18

3.1
3.2

TITLE

FRAME
DC GENERATOR

19
21

4.1

GRAPH

24

6.1

FABRICATED MODEL

28

CHAPTER 1
1.1 INTRODUCTION

Speed bumps are the common name for a family of traffic calming
devices that use vertical deflection to slow motor-vehicle traffic in order to improve
safety conditions. Variations include the speed hump (or speed ramp), speed cushion,
and speed table.

The use of vertical deflection devices is widespread around the world, and
they are most commonly found where vehicle speeds are statutorily mandated to be low,
usually 40 km/h (25 mph), or 8 to 16 km/h (5.0 to 9.9 mph) in car parks. Although speed
bumps are very effective in keeping vehicle speed down, their use is sometimes
controversial as they can cause noise and possibly vehicle damage if taken at too great a
speed. Poorly designed speed bumps are often found in private car parks (too tall, too
sharp an angle for the expected speed), and can be hard to negotiate in vehicles with low
ground clearance, such as sports cars, even at very slow speeds. Speed bumps can also
pose serious hazards to motorcyclists and bicyclists if not clearly visible, though in some
cases a small cut across the bump allows those vehicles to pass through without
impediment.

Figure 1.1

Figure 1.2

1.2 BASIC PRINCIPLE

While moving, the vehicles possess some kinetic energy and it is being
wasted. This kinetic energy can be utilized to produce power by using a special
arrangement called speed breaker. It is an Electro-Mechanical unit. It utilizes both
mechanical technologies and electrical techniques for the power generation and its
storage.

Speed breaker is a dome like device likely to be speed breaker. Whenever

the vehicle is allowed to pass over the dome it gets pressed downwards then the springs
are attached to the dome is compressed and the rack which is attached to the bottom of
the dome moves downward in reciprocating motion. Since the rack has teeth connected to
gears, there exists conversion of reciprocating motion of rack into rotary motion of gears
but the two gears rotate in opposite direction. A flywheel is mounted on the shaft whose
2

function is to regulate the fluctuation in the energy and to make the energy uniform. So
that the shafts will rotate with certain R.P.M. these shafts are connected through a belt
drive to the dynamos, which converts the mechanical energy into electrical energy. The
conversion will be proportional to traffic density.

Whenever an armature rotates between the magnetic fields of south and

north poles, an E.M.F is induced in it. So, for inducing the E.M.F Armature coil has to
rotate, for rotating this armature it is connected to a long shaft. By rotating same e.m.f is
induced, for this rotation kinetic energy of moving vehicles is utilized. The power is
generated in both the directions; to convert this power into one way, a special component
is used called zener diode for continuous supply. All this mechanism can be housed under
the dome, like speed breaker.

The electrical output can be improved by arranging these speed breaker in

series. This generated power can be amplified and stored by using different electrical
devices.

1.3 SET-UP LAYOUT

Figure 1.3

CHAPTER 2
2.1 TYPES OF MECHANISM

Spring Mechanism
Rack & Pinion Mechanism
Sprocket Mechanism
Bearing Mechanism
Flywheel Mechanism
DC Dynamo Mechanism

2.1.1 SPRING MECHANISM

A spring is an elastic object used to store mechanical energy. Springs are
usually made out of spring steel. There are a large number of spring designs; in everyday
usage the term often refers to coil springs.
Small springs can be wound from pre-hardened stock, while larger ones
are made from annealed steel and hardened after fabrication. When a coil spring is
compressed or stretched slightly from rest, the force it exerts is approximately
proportional to its change in length (this approximation breaks down for larger
deflections). The rate or spring constant of a spring is the change in the force it exerts,
divided by the change in deflection of the spring. That is, it is the gradient of the force
versus deflection curve. An extension or compression spring has units of force divided by
distance, for example lab/in or N/m. Torsion springs have units of torque divided by
angle, such as NMS/rad or ft-lb/degree. The inverse of spring rate is compliance, that is:
if a spring has a rate of 10 N/mm, it has a compliance of 0.1 mm/N. The stiffness (or rate)
5

of springs in parallel is additive, as is the compliance of springs in series.Depending on

the design and required operating environment, any material can be used to construct a
spring, so long as the material has the required combination of rigidity and elasticity:

Figure 2.1

2.1.2 RACK-PINION MECHANISM

While moving, the vehicles possess some Potential Energy due to its weight and it
is being wasted. This kinetic energy can be utilized to produce power by using a special
arrangement called POWER HUMP. It is an Electro-Mechanical unit. It utilizes both
mechanical technologies and electrical techniques for the power generation and its
storage. POWER HUMP is a dome like device likely to be speed breaker. Whenever the
vehicle is allowed to pass over the dome it gets pressed downwards then the springs are
attached to the dome and are compressed and the rack which is attached to the bottom of
the dome moves downward in reciprocating motion. Since the rack has teeth connected to
gears, there exists conversion of reciprocating motion of rack into rotary motion of gears
but the two gears rotate in opposite direction.. So that the shafts will rotate with certain
R.P.M. these shafts are connected through a set of gears to the dynamos, which converts
the mechanical energy into electrical energy.

Figure 2.2

The electrical output can be improved by arranging these POWER

HUMPS in series. This generated power can be amplified and stored by using different
electrical devices. The project is concerned with generation of electricity from speed
breakers-like set up. The load acted upon the speed breaker - setup is there by transmitted
to rack and pinion arrangements. Here the reciprocating motion of the speed-breaker is
converted into rotary motion using the rack and pinion arrangement. The axis of the
pinion is coupled with a gear.
This gear is meshed a pinion. As the power is transmitted from the gear to
the pinion, the speed that is available at the gear is relatively multiplied at the rotation of
the pinion. The axis of the pinion is coupled to a gear arrangement. Here we have two
gears with different diameters. The gear (larger dimension) is coupled to the axis of the
pinion. Hence the speed that has been multiplied at the smaller sprocket wheel is passed
on to this gear of larger dimension. The pinion is meshed to the gear. So as the gear
rotates at the multiplied speed of the pinion, the pinion following the gear still multiplies
the speed to more intensity.

Figure 2.3

The rotor which rotates within a static magnetic stator cuts the magnetic
flux surrounding it, thus producing the electric motive force (emf). This generated emf is
then sent to a bridge rectifier, where the generated AC current is converted to DC. This
regulated emf is now sent to the lead-acid battery.

ADVANTAGES
Rack-Pinion assembly gives good mounting convenience
Maximum gear losses 3 to 5%
Approximate Efficiency 95%

2.1.3 SPROCKET MECHANISM

A sprocket or sprocket-wheel is a profiled wheel with teeth, cogs or even

sprockets that mesh with a chain, track or other perforated or indented material. The name
'sprocket' applies generally to any wheel upon which radial projections engage a chain
passing over it. It is distinguished from a gear in that sprockets are never meshed together
directly, and differs from a pulley in that sprockets have teeth and pulleys are smooth.
8

Sprockets are used in bicycles, motorcycles, cars, tracked vehicles, and

other machinery either to transmit rotary motion between two shafts where gears are
unsuitable or to impart linear motion to a track, tape etc. Perhaps the most common form
of sprocket may be found in the bicycle, in which the pedal shaft carries a large sprocketwheel, which drives a chain, which, in turn, drives a small sprocket on the axle of the rear
wheel. Early automobiles were also largely driven by sprocket and chain mechanism, a
practice largely copied from bicycles.
Sprockets are of various designs, a maximum of efficiency being claimed
for each by its originator. Sprockets typically do not have a flange. Some sprockets used
with timing belts have flanges to keep the timing belt centered.
Sprockets and chains are also used for power transmission from one shaft
to another where slippage is not admissible, sprocket chains being used instead of belts or
ropes and sprocket-wheels instead of pulleys. They can be run at high speed and some
forms of chain are so constructed as to be noiseless even at high speed.

Figure 2.4

2.1.4 BEARING MECHANISM

A bearing is a machine element that constrains relative motion to only the
desired motion, and reduces friction between moving parts . The design of the bearing
may, for example, provide for free linear movement of the moving part or for free
rotation around a fixed axis; or, it may prevent a motion by controlling the vectors of
normal forces that bear on the moving parts.
Many bearings also facilitate the desired motion as much as possible, such
as by minimizing friction. Bearings are classified broadly according to the type of
operation, the motions allowed, or to the directions of the loads (forces) applied to the
parts.
A bearing being a machine element that allows one part to bear (i.e., to
support) another. The simplest bearings are bearing surfaces, cut or formed into a part,
with varying degrees of control over the form, size, roughness and location of the surface.

Figure 2.5

10

2.1.5 FLYWHEEL MECHANISM

A flywheel is a rotating mechanical device that is used to store rotational
energy. Flywheels have a significant moment of inertia and thus resist changes in
rotational speed. The amount of energy stored in a flywheel is proportional to the square
of its rotational speed. Energy is transferred to a flywheel by applying torque to it,
thereby increasing its rotational speed, and hence its stored energy. Conversely, a
flywheel releases stored energy by applying torque to a mechanical load, thereby
decreasing the flywheel's rotational speed.
Common uses of a flywheel include:

Providing continuous energy when the energy source is discontinuous. For

example, flywheels are used in reciprocating engines because the energy source,
torque from the engine, is intermittent.

Delivering energy at rates beyond the ability of a continuous energy source. This
is achieved by collecting energy in the flywheel over time and then releasing the
energy quickly, at rates that exceed the abilities of the energy source.

Controlling the orientation of a mechanical system. In such applications, the

angular momentum of a flywheel is purposely transferred to a load when energy is
transferred to or from the flywheel.

Figure 2.6
11

2.2 Main components of Our Project

Project parts
1. Rack
2. Spur gear
3. Fly wheel
4. Bearings
5. Shaft
6. Springs
7. Electric dynamo OR Generator

2.2.1 Rack
It is long rectangular round having teeth on one end. It is used to transmit
the translational motion into rotational motion.

2.2.2 Gears
A gear is a rotating machine part having cut teeth, or cogs, which mesh
with another toothed part in order to transmit torque. Two or more gears working in
tandem are called a transmission and can produce a mechanical advantage through a gear
ratio and thus may be considered a simple machine. Geared devices can change the
speed, torque, and direction of a power source. The most common situation is for a gear
to mesh with another gear, however a gear can also mesh a non-rotating toothed part,
called a rack, thereby producing translation instead of rotation.

12

Types of Gears
1. Spur Gears

Figure 2.7

Spur gears or straight-cut gears are the simplest type of gear. They consist of a
cylinder or disk with the teeth projecting radially, and although they are not straight-sided
in form, the edge of each tooth is straight and aligned parallel to the axis of rotation.
These gears can be meshed together correctly only if they are fitted to parallel shafts.
2.Bevel

Gears

Figure 2.8

Bevel gears are gears where the axes of the two shafts intersect and the tooth-bearing
faces of the gears themselves are conically shaped. Bevel gears are most often mounted
on shafts that are 90 degrees apart, but can be designed to work at other angles as well.
13

2. Helical Gears

Figure 2.9

Helical or "dry fixed" gears offer a refinement over spur gears. The leading edges of the
teeth are not parallel to the axis of rotation, but are set at an angle. Since the gear is
curved, this angling causes the tooth shape to be a segment of a helix. Helical gears can
be meshed in a parallel or crossed orientation

2.2.3 GEAR MATERIALS

The material used for the manufacture of gears depend up on the strength
and service conditions like wear, noise etc. The gears may be manufacture from metallic
or non metallic materials. The metallic gears with cut teeth are commercially obtained by
cast iron, steel and bronze. The nonmetallic materials like wood etc cue used for reducing
noise.Cast iron widely used for gears to its good wearing properties, excellent
machinabitly and easy of producing complicated shapes by casting method.

14

2.2.4 Shaft:
A shaft is a rotating element, which is used to transmit power from one place to another

.
Figure 2.10

2.2.5 Bearings:
A bearing is a machine element, which supports another machine
element. It permits a relative motion between the contact surfaces, while carrying the
load.

2.2.6 Fly wheel:

The primary function of a fly wheel is to act as energy "Accumulator'
simply it reduces the 'fluctuation' of speed.

15

Figure 2.11

2.2.7 Spring:
A spring is defined as an elastic body whose function is to distort when
loaded and to recover its original shape when the load is removed.

2.2.8 Generator
Electric generator is a device that converts mechanical energy to electrical
energy. A generator forces electric charge (usually carried by electrons) to flow through
an external electrical circuit.

Construction:

Figure 2.12
16

Above figure shows the constructional details of a simple 4-pole DC generator. A

DC generator consists two basic parts, stator and rotor. Basic constructional parts of a DC
generator are described below.
1. Yoke: The outer frame of a generator or motor is called as yoke. Yoke is made up
of cast iron or steel. Yoke provides mechanical strength for whole assembly of the
generator (or motor). It also carries the magnetic flux produced by the poles.
2. Poles: Poles are joined to the yoke with the help of screws or welding. Poles are
to support field windings. Field winding is wound on poles and connected in
series or parallel with armature winding or sometimes separately.
3. Pole shoe: Pole shoe is an extended part of the pole which serves two purposes,
(i)to prevent field coils from slipping and (ii)to spread out the flux in air gap
uniformly.
4. Armature core: Armature core is the rotor of a generator. Armature core is
cylindrical in shape on which slots are provided to carry armature windings.
5. Commutator and brushes: As emf is generated in the armature conductors
terminals must be taken out to make use of generated emf. But if we can't directly
solder wires to commutator conductors as they rotates. Thus commutator is
connected to the armature conductors and mounted on the same shaft as that of
armature core. Conducting brushes rest on commutator and they slides over when
rotor (hence commutator) rotates. Thus brushes are physically in contact with
armature conductors hence wires can be connected to brushes.

17

Working principle:

Figure 2.13

According to Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, when a

conductor moves in a magnetic field (thereby cutting the magnetic flux lines), a
dynamically induced emf is produced in the conductor. The magnitude of generated emf
can be given by emf equation of DC generator. If a closed path is provided to the moving
conductor then generated emf causes a current to flow in the circuit.

One of the main functions of commutator is to convert generated AC emf into DC. As
you can see in the above image, direction of generated emf will change across every
conductor when it rotates (see the direction across conductor conductor ABCD in case 1
and case 2 in above image).
It can be understood from the image, comparing both cases, that even though the
generated emf across the conductors is AC the output of a DC generator is converted to
DC with the help of commutator. The output voltage waveform of a DC generator is as
shown below.

18

CHAPTER 3
3.1FABRICATION SUMMARY
3.1.1 Frame:
The frame structure for the total unit is fabricated using L-Angle frames
and ordinary frames. These frames are made of mild steel. They are held to proper
dimensions are attached to form a unit with the help of welding.

Figure 3.1

19

3.1.2 Bearing:
Then the bearings which are of standard make are kept in place with their
respective shafts through them and are welded to the frame structure.

3.1.3Shaft:
The shafts are also made of mild steel. Hinges are used to move the speed breaker
arrangement by welding it to the frame structure. These hinges are responsible for the
movement of the speed breaker in an up and down motion.

3.1.4 Rack and pinion arrangement:

A rack having thirty-eight which is made up of mild steel is welded to the speed
breaker arrangement. A pinion which is also made up of mild steel and which has Thirty
six teeth is fitted on the shaft initially, and welded. This pinion tooth is exactly made to
mate with the teeth of the rack.

3.1.5 Fly wheel :

A fly wheel that is made of cast iron is machined suitably to the precise
dimensions in a lathe and is placed on the shaft with its axis coinciding with the axis of
the shaft and is welded.

20

3.1.6 Generator :
A special stand arrangement is made to seat the 12v DC generator using frames. A
12v DC generator is placed within the seat and is held firm using bolts and nuts. To the
shaft of the generator, a small gear made of cast iron is fixed tightly. A larger gear made
out of cast iron is machined well and fitted on the shaft. The teeth on the larger gear are
made to mate rightly with the smaller gear that is fitted to the generator shaft.

Figure 3.2

21

CHAPTER 4
4.1 Model calculation

Mass = 50Kg
Height of speed brake =20 cm
Work done=Force x Distance

where, Force = Weight of the Body = 50 x 9.81m/s = 490.5 N

Distance travelled by the body = Height of the speed brake =20 cm
Output power= (490.5x 0.2)/60 = 1.63 Watts (For One pushing force)
Power developed for 1 vehicle passing over the speed
breaker arrangement for one minute =1.63watts
Power developed for one hour =98.1 watts
Power developed for one day = 2.34 kw
Power developed for one month = 70.63kw
Power developed for one year 847.58 kw
No. of inner gears= 24
No. of outer gear= 88
Gear Ratio = 11:3

22

4.2 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VOLTAGE AND SPEED OF

VEHICLE

23

Figure 4.1
The following graph shows the relationship between the voltage produced
from the speedbreaker unit to the speed of the vehicle passing on it.

The relationship is a indirect proportion If the vehicle is moving at a

higher speed then the time taken by the vehicle to exert pressure on the unit is less, and
hence the power generated is less but if the same vehicle is moving at a slower velocity ,
then the time taken by the vehicle to exert pressure is more and hence the power
generated is more.

24

4.3
ADVANTAGES OF POWER
FROM SPEEDBREAKERS

GENERATION

Can be implemented in many places with cheap installation costs compared to

other energy sources
It is a renewable source of energy because the energy is continous and depends
upon the number of vehicles
It is reliable source of energy in the future
It can be used in Malls , Toll Gates to produce electricity for a smaller scale
Pollution free
No manual power required
Energy available all year around
No fuel transportation problem

4.4 DIS-ADVANTAGES OF POWER GENERATION

FROM SPEEDBREAKERS

Large scale energy production is not possible as of now with this technology
It is a dependant source of energy, i.e it depends upon the number of vehicles
It requires heavy maintenance from time to time
Can be rusted in rainy seasons

25

CHAPTER 5
5.1 COST ESTIMATION OF PROJECT

PART

QUA
NTIT
Y

COST

700

1.Shaft
Gear

200

400

3.Spring

1200

4.Bearing

2.Rack &
Pinion

5.Sprocke
t Chain
6.Spur
Gear

7.Motor
8.Weldi
ng Cost
9.Frame
10.Miscel
laneous

1
2

850
800
600

600

1000

500

Total Cost =
Rs.6850

26

CHAPTER 6
6.1 Result and conclusion

Energy is important part to retain the industrial production rate and also the
progress of any Country. The conventional sources are reducing day by day and by the
turn of century, we have to depend upon the non-conventional sources of energy. (Nonconventional sources such as solar energy, wind energy, biogas etc.)
We can also increase the growth of country by installing speed breaker in heavy
traffic roads and toll plaza. We can generate electricity almost continuously by using the
weight of the vehicles to produce mechanical power in the shafts by using the rack and
pinion mechanism. As this method does not require any external power source and the
traffic never reduces, these speed breakers are more reliable and have a greater life span

27

6.2 FABRICATED MODEL

Figure 6.1
28

CHAPTER 7
7.1 Future scope of this project
Future work would consist of a redesign of this model to see exactly how much data
we may be missing with the assumption that we made with low price, weight and
capacity. Despite all the assumptions, we still have realized that this product can be very
marketable and that the demand is extremely large which means this is a viable design
that will yield a high return on an investment.

Such speed breakers can be designed for heavy vehicles, thus increasing input
torque and ultimately output of generator.
More suitable and compact mechanisms to enhance efficiency.

Various government departments can take up an initiative to implement these

power humps on a large scale.
These can be mainly used at toll booths , approaching traffic signals , highways
where vehicles move 24 x 7 etc
This has a huge scope everywhere provides the resources are channelled well.

7.2

References

[1] Fairleys- Speed bumps ahead for electric-vehicle charging by, Spectrum, IEEE
Publication Year: 2010 , IEEE Journals & Magazines.
[2] Website of International Energy Agency (IEA), world energy outlook.

29

[3] Aswathaman.V Priyadharshini.M- Every speed breaker is now a source of

power 2010 international conference on biology, environment and chemistry,
ipcbee vol.1 (2011) (2011) racist press, Singapore. [4] Sharma, P.C., Nonconventional power plants, Public Printing
Service, New Delhi, 2003.
[5] Mukherjee, D. Chakrabarti, S., Non-conventional power plants, 2005.
[6] Mukherjee, D. Chakrabarti, S. Fundamentals of renewable energy
systems, New Age
international limited publishers New Delhi, 2005.
[7] Sharma, P.C., Principles of renewable energy systems, 2003.
[8] Watts,G.,

Effects

of

speed

distribution

on

the

Hormonoise

model

predictions, Inter-noise Conference, Prague, 2004.

[9] Shirley. Smart road hump will smooth the way for safe drivers,
Providence Journal,
November 11, 2005
[10] Dr. Anders Brandt & MSc. John Granlund Swedish Road Administration.
Bus Drivers Exposure to Mechanical Shocks Due To Speed Bumps. Society
for Experimental Mechanics,
IMAC 25th Conference and Exposition on Structural Dynamics 2008.
[11]P.M. Anderson and A.A. Fouad, Power System Control and Stability,
Galgotia Publications.
[12]Power System Dynamics and Control, K.R.Padiyar, Interline Publishers
Bangalore.
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