MATHS FORMULA SHEET

Distance: d  ( y2  y1 )2  ( x2  x1 )2
ALGEBRA  x  x2 y1  y2 
Mid-Point: M   1 , 
a ( b + c) = ab + ac  2 2 
bc b c
  QUADRATICS:
a a a General Form
y = ax2 + bx + c
a  b2  a2  2ab  b2 x = 0 c = y-intercept
a  ba  b  a 2  b2  b  b 2  4ac
y0 x
2a
Binomial Expansion: b
Axis of symmetry: x 
2a
(a+b)n=an+ nC1an-1b+ nC2an-2 b2 + … + nCran-rbr +
…+bn Completed square form
Index Laws:
n
y= a(x – h)2 + k
DEF: a = a x a x a … n factors Turning Point; (h,k)
an x am = an+m
an ÷ am = an-m TRIGONOMETRY:
(an)m = anm

Mark Riley s2757729

(ab)n = anbn 180 – θ θ
n
a an π–θ
   n
b b S A
n 1
Meanings: a =1 0
a  n
a
1 T C -ө
 a
p p
a 180+ θ 360-θ
π+θ 2π -θ
Logarithm Laws:

DEF: N  a x  x  log a N Radian / Degrees: π radians = 1800

log a N  log a M  log a ( NM ) Graphing periodic functions:

log a N  log a M  log a ( N ) y = a sin[b(x + c)] + d

M y = a cos[b(x + c)] + d
p log a N  log a N p
Amplitude = a
loga1 = 0 2
logaa = 1 Period =
b
Phase Shift = c +ve ← ; -ve →
log b N
log a N  Vertical Shift = d
log b a

LINEAR FUNCTIONS Identities

y= mx + c gradient = m, c = y-intercept sin  1

tan  sec 
cos  cos 
y – y1 = m(x – x1) gradient = m, Point= (x1,y1)
y  y1 1
Gradient: m  2 sin 2   cos 2   1 cos ec 
x2  x1 sin 
Parallel Lines: m1 = m2
Perpendicular Lines: m1 . m2 = -1 1
sin(2 )  2 sin  cos cot  
tan
 Logarithm
Right-Triangles dy 1
y  log x x 
dx x
opposite adjacent
sin A  cos A  . dy f ( x)
hypotneuse hypotenuse y  log x f ( x) 
dx f ( x)
Sine
opposite Pythagoras dy
tan A  y  sin( x)  cos( x)
adjacent h  a b
2 2 2
dx
dy
y  sin[ f ( x)]  cos[ f ( x)]  f ( x)
All triangles ABC: dx
Cosine
a b c dy
Sine rule:   y  cos( x)   sin( x)
sin( A) sin( B) sin(C ) dx
dy
y  cos[ f ( x)]   sin[ f ( x)]  f ( x)
Cosine Rule: a 2  b 2  c 2  2bc cos( A) dx
Product Rule
b2  c2  a 2
cos( A)  dy
2bc y  uv  uv  uv
dx
Area  1
2 ab sin(C ) Quotient Rule
u dy uv  uv
y 
FINANCE: v dx v2
Compound Interest: FV=PV(1 + r)n INTEGRATION

Future Value Annuity: Present Value Annuity: dy

If  f ( x) then y   f ( x)dx
dx
(1  i ) n  1 1  (1  i )  n
FV  p PV  p Power
i i x n 1
 x dx   C n  1
n

CALCULUS: n 1
DIFFERENTIATION 1 (ax  b) n 1
   C
n
Definition: ( ax b ) dx
a (n  1)
dy f ( x  h)  f ( x )
 lim h 0 Exponential
 e dx  e  C
dx h x x

Rules: 1
 e dx  ae
ax b ax b
C
dy
y  constant 0
dx
dy 1
y  Af ( x)  Bg ( x)
dx
 Af ( x)  Bg ( x)  xdx  log e | x | C
Power 1 1
dy  ax  bdx  a log e | ax  b | C
yx n
 nx n 1
dx
Trigonometric
y   f ( x)  n f ( x) f ( x)
n dy n 1

dx  sin( x)dx   cos( x)  C

Exponential 1
ye x dy
 ex  sin(ax  b)dx   a cos(ax  b)  C
dx
dy  cos( x)dx  sin( x)  C
y  e f ( x)  e f ( x ) f ( x) 1
dx
 cos(ax  b)dx  a sin(ax  b)  C