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Caloocan Campus

College of Engineering
EE Department

EXPERIMENT # 4
DC Motors

Instructor: ENGR. ANTONIO C. REBONG

Name: HERRERA, MARK KENNETH R.


Student number: 20111128871

Subject and Section: NEE 419 1ECM

Date Performed: February 03, 2016


Date Submitted: February 09, 2016

LIST

OF

INSTRUMENTS

DESCRIPTION

AND

EQUIPMENT

AND

THEIR

DC Machine Set
-

Provides a set of predetermined electrical and mechanical parameters


for various DC machine ratings of power (HP), DC voltage (V), rated
speed (rpm), and field voltage (V).

DC Voltmeter
-

Is an instrument used for measuring electrical potential difference


between two points in an electric circuit.

DC Ammeter
-

Instruments used to measure smaller currents, in the milliampere or


microampere range, are designated as milliammeters or
microammeters.

Tachometer
-

Is an instrument measuring the rotation speed of a shaft or disk in a


motor or other machines. The device usually displays the revolutions
per minute (RPM) on a calibrated analogue dial, but digital displays are
increasingly common.

Connecting Wires
-

An adaptor used to effectively bring together dissimilar connectors.

Electrodynamometer

Is an instrument used for measuring the electric power.

DATA
RUN 1 Starting DC Motor
Tria

Line Current
Loading Condition

l
1

No Load
With the

Speed

Starting

Running

3.75A

0.4A

(rpm)
1240

4.9A

0.8A

1225

Dynamometer
2
Connected to the
motor (T=0)
Dynamometer with
3

a torque output of 2

NA

1.7A

1160

to 3 lb-in
Maximum Torque

NA

5.1A

N/A

RUN 2

Speed Control of DC Motors

Trial

Rheostat

Field Current, IF Speed (rpm)

Setting
Minimum

0.175A

72.10 rpm

Position
Maximum

0.075A

2.08 rpm

Position

RUN 3
Trial

Reversing DC Motors

Condition

Terminal

Direction of

Remark

Initial

connection
A1F1,A2F2,A1(+),

Rotation
Clockwise

No

Connection
Interchange

A2(-)
A1F2,A2F1,A1(+),

Counterclock

Change
Reverse

Field

A2(-)

wise

Connection
Interchange

A2F1,A1F2,A1(+),

Counterclock

Armature

A2(-)

wise

Connection
Interchange

A1F1,A2F2,A1(-),A

Clockwise

Supply

(+)

Reverse

No
Change

Connection

ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS
1. When a dc motor is driven without any load, why is the armature
current very small?
a. Whenever the speed is steady, the motor torque must be equal
and opposite of the load torque. Motor torque is proportional to

armature current, so we can expect the armature current of an


unloaded motor to be very small.

When no real load torque is

applied, we are left with friction, due to bearing, brush friction.


The friction torque is therefore reflected in the no-load current.
2. When a load is connected to dc motor, the armature current rises in
value. Why?
a. The steady running current must be such as to produce a torque
equal and opposite to the load torque, so in the steady state it is
the load torque that determines the armature current. So when a
load is connected to the motor the torque increases,

the motor

then generates more current to counter and oppose the torque of


the applied load.
3. In your own word define the following: applied torque, developed
torque and output torque?
a. Applied torque means the torque of the load or the weight of
the load applied at the motor shaft.
b. Developed torque is the rotational force produced inside the
motor to counter the applied torque,

it is the theoretical or

computed value of the motor torque.


c. Output torque is the actual torque at the load after the losses
due to friction takes place.
4. An eight pole, 1500 rpm shunt motor has a wave wound armature with
400 inductors. If the air gap flux per pole is 2.0 x 10 6maxwells, what
horsepower will be developed for a normal armature current of
60amps?

Given: a = 1 x 2 = 2, p = 8poles, S= 1500, Z = 400 inductors, = 2.0 x


106, IA = 60A
Solution:

EB =

MPD =

p zS
60 a

EbIA
746

x 1x10-8 =

(8)(2.0 x 10 )(400)(1500)
(60)(2)

(800)(60)
746

x 1x10-8 = 800V

= 64.34hp

DISCUSSION

There is no real difference between a generator and a motor except for

the direction of the power flow. In the machine, the field windings are place
on the stator and the armature windings on the rotor. The field windings are
wound on the poles of the stator and are supplied with DC current, which
produces the main magnetic field of the machine. The armature windings are
placed in the rotor slots, which are uniformly distributed around the rotors
periphery. Voltage supplied in the armature winding is made of the
alternating form by the use of the commutator,

this voltage will now

produce equal but opposite forces around the armature core. Since there is a
presence of magnetic field generated from the poles, these equal and
opposite forces create rotary motion under the influence of the magnetic
field generated by the poles.
A DC motor is any of a class of electrical machines that converts direct
current electrical power into mechanical power. The most common types rely

on the forces produced by magnetic fields. Nearly all types of DC motors


have some internal mechanism, either electromechanical or electronic; to
periodically change the direction of current flow in part of the motor. A DC
motor's speed can be controlled over a wide range, using either a variable
supply voltage or by changing the strength of current in its field windings.

CONCLUSION
After doing the experiment, I conclude that DC motors are electrical
machines which convert electrical power into mechanical power, this
developed mechanical power and torque developed depends on the speed at
which the armature core spins, this speed is controlled by the applied voltage
at the DC motor armature winding and the current supplied to the field
windings,

which will provides the magnetic flux which in turn causes the

rotary motion coupled with the equal and opposite forces that are developed
in the armature windings due to the supplied voltage.

Loaded DC motors

have higher values of armature winding current since this current is directly
related to the torque, as the load gets heavier the counter torque required is
of a larger value than a no loaded DC motor, as the load increases counter
torque increases causing the armature current to increase.

REFERENCES

http://www.electrical4u.com/dc-motor-or-direct-current-motor/
http://www.electricaleasy.com/2014/01/basic-working-of-dc-motor.html

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