The Cell Cycle

What is the cell cycle?

A repeating sequence of cellular growth and division
during the life of a cell. In other words, the life cycle of a
cell.
A eukaryotic cell cycles through:
Phases of growth
DNA Replication
Preparation for cell division
Division of the nucleus and cytoplasm

The 5 phases

The cell cycle is made up of 5 phases.

First 3 phases are referred to as interphase:

G - cell growth
S DNA synthesis
G - growth and preparation
The last 2 phases are referred to as cell
division:
Mitosis process of cell division
Cytokinesis division of the cytoplasm

Interphase
Interphase: the period of the cell cycle during
which activities such as cell growth and protein
synthesis occur without visible signs of cell division.
Consist of G, S, and G phases
Different types of cells spend different amounts of
time in interphase. Ex: skin cell and nerve cells

Interphase: G
G: (first gap phase) In this part of interphase, the cell
synthesizes mRNA and proteins in preparation for
subsequent steps leading to mitosis. (first gap phase)
Cell growth
Protein synthesis
Cell metabolism
Preparation for S phase

Interphase: S
S-phase:(synthesisphase) is the part of the cell cycle in
which DNA is replicated.
DNA synthesis occurs
DNA replication results in duplicated chromosomes
Centrosome cycle

Interphase: G
G: (second gap phase) during which the cell forms the
materials that make up the spindle.
Occurs after DNA has been copied
All cell structures need for division are made
ex: centrioles
Both organelles and proteins are synthesized

Cell Division
Cell division- is the process by which a
parent celldivides into two or more
daughtercells.
Consists of mitosis and cytokinesis
Mitosis- process of dividing the nucleus to
form 2 nuclei
Cytokinesis- the division of cytoplasm to
form 2 daughter cells

Cell division
Mitosis- a process of cell division that forms two new
nuclei, each of which has the same number of
chromosomes
4 distinct phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and
telophase

Cell Division: Cytokinesis

Cytokinesis- the division of the cytoplasm of a cell
As the nucleus divides, the cytoplasm also begins to
divide. Each daughter cell receives about half the original
cells organelles.

Review
Write a summary describing the complete cell cycle. Start
at the first phase of interphase and end with cytokinesis.
You cannot use your notes or book. When you finish, go
back through your writing and mark any important
information you may have left out with a different color.
You may use the book and notes for this portion of the
assignment.