Angrisani, Marco, Arie Kapteyn, and Scott Schuh.

"Measuring Household Spending and

Payment Habits: The Role of Typical and Specific Time Frames in Survey Questions."
Http://www.bostonfed.org/. N.p., 2012. Web.
<http://www.bostonfed.org/economic/wp/wp2012/wp1207.htm>.
Currency
The information from the Boston fed was published in 2012. The most recent update
came in the same year. My topic of consumer spending affecting retirement age is one that can
use older data, but new data will help reach a more financially desperate audience. Older sources
will skew the perception that credit cards along with more expenditure will escape those who
took place in older surveys. Yes, the links listed are working.
Relevance
The information provided by the Boston Federal reserve is acceptable for my topic. The
information itself provides data on how the frequency of interviewers spend their money. In turn
displaying the higher and lower consumption habits of those who are frugal and those who
financially illiterate. My intended audience is anyone who has little understanding as to the long
term effects of personal finance. The information is pretty straight forward, providing charts and
common vocabulary to make it easier to digest. I did look at multiple other sources, and they
seemed to not be close enough to the topic to show the correlation between spending and long
term wealth. I am comfortable with citing this source, because it gives plenty of information
about the frequency of spending and the difference between weekly and monthly expenses.
Authority

This article has three authors, Marco Angrisani, Arie Kapteyn, and Scott Schuh. Scott
alone is the director of the consumer payments research, senior economist and policy adviser in
the research department of the federal reserve bank of Boston. Scott received his masters and
Ph.D from the prestigious Johns Hopkins University in 1992. The author is easily meets the
criteria for an academic data base, almost over qualified. The URL alone (.gov) leaves little
wiggle room for hesitation when deciding the creditability of the article.

617-973-3941

Scott.Schuh@bos.frb.org
Accuracy
The information itself comes from an independent survey of 5000 members of the
American Life Panel (ALP) conducted in 2011. Yes, all information is creditable, due to its
accuracy between the multiple facets of the survey within the article itself. No, I cannot
personally verify the information, but the allocation of data points between metrics is clearly
correct. The terminology of the article is very clean cut, very dry. The lack of emotion matches
the lack of grammatical error.
Purpose
The purpose of this article is the show the consumption habits between those who spend
frequently and those who spend not so frequently. The informative message behind the article is
that the more frequently one spends the less likely they are to turn down a transaction, no matter
the size. The purpose is clearly defined in the article as being a survey for the consumption habits
between those who spend often and those who dont. The information is based off facts and the
point of view one with a clear objective. Maybe a little of institutional biases when it comes to

relaying the information of those who were clearly making less frugal decisions with their
money.
Rating
I would rate this article as a 4, due to its allotment of information and creditability.
Cooper, Daneil. "Impending U.S. Spending Bust? The Role of Housing Wealth as Borrowing
Collateral." Http://www.bostonfed.org/. N.p., 1 July 2009. Web.
<http://www.bostonfed.org/economic/ppdp/2009/ppdp0909.htm>.
Currency
The information was published as early as 2004 and as recently as 2009. The articles
have been continued increasing the data over the years. This article will help prevent
differentiation between data by increasing the total number of data points used.
Relevance
The article goes over the changes that occur in a homes value over the years, by serving
as collateral for households to borrow against to smooth their spending. The intended audience
of this article is those who own a home, or are reaching the end of their mortgage. The
information itself is for a higher brow audience. I was stuck at picking between this article and
another, but I chose this one due to its elongated effect on a person overall wealth over their
lifetime. I am comfortable with using this as a citation for my paper, the more data I can allocate
into the paper the greater chances I have to prove my point that being frugal and maintaining a
steady stream of regulated consumption will affect the overall retirement age and lifestyle of
ones older self.

Authority
This article was written by Daniel Cooper, a senior economist and policy advisor in the
macroeconomics/international economics section of the research department at the Federal
Reserve Bank of Boston. His main research interests are related to household consumption and
wealth and using microeconomic data to investigate macroeconomic policy questions. The
cookie cutter description I would need for an author on a topic like this. Daniel receive both his
Ph.D. and Maters from the University of Michigan, both in economics. The URL itself is a
government site, being that is its an academic article the site holds creditability around the
Boston and north east region. 617-973-4220 Daniel.Cooper@bos.frb.org
Accuracy
The information comes from a study conducted over a five-year period, showing that
many households in the United States barrow against the value of their homes in order to feed
their consumption needs. The information is crossed with a large scale macroeconomic
forecasting models is that housing wealth has a direct or net wealth effect on consumption
similar to nonhousing financial wealth. I am able to cross reference this information with a
book Ive read, The millionaire next Door. The tone of the article is rather based on informing
someone who doesnt understand what their purchase, when they obtain a home. The article
itself is free of grammatical errors as far as I can see.
Purpose
As stated the article is used to inform those who do not know what comes along with the
purchase of a house. The purpose is relatively shown throughout the article, that being hat

households feel richer when their housing wealth increases and thus consume more. Conversely,
households feel poorer when house prices decline and therefore reduce their spending. The
article is based on reasonable information that would propose someone to believe the purpose of
the article, in other words pretty objective. I would say that there are political, and institutional
biases within the article.
Rating
5, due to the sear amount of data and algorithms behind the finding, its hard to disagree with the
findings within the article.
Stanley, Thomas J., and William D. Danko. The Millionaire next Door: The Surprising
Secrets of America's Wealthy. Atlanta, GA: Longstreet, 1996. Print.
Currency
The information in this book was compiled from an independent study on the
spending habits of those Americans whose net worth is over one million US dollars,
done by the author in 1996. The information itself has not been updated since but
the book was republished in 2010. The information in the book itself is quite eyeopening, when it comes to facts. The information is easily still relevant today due to
the slight changes in the basic strategies to create a health retirement plan.
Relevance
Yes, the information provided in the book does answer my topic question, and
the book is a must read for those looking to set themselves apart from others
financially. The intended audience of the book to me would be those households
with under accumulated budget, and idea of where their money is really spent. The
information is easy to understand, yes, but the topics themselves required a higher
understanding of personal finance. The book itself came to mind when I chose my
topic, because I read it over the summer it was an obvious choice for me. The book
provides a clear definition of the word Millionaire, and its a surprising one at that.
I am very comfortable with using this citation in my paper because of wealth of
information about the immense differences between those who believe you are
what you drive and those who dont.
Authority
The authors are Thomas Stanley and William Darko, Stanley is a wellrespected business theorist, who received his doctorate in business administration
from the university of Georgia. He also went on to teach marketing at the University

of Tennessee, University of Georgia and Georgia State University. The authors are
both easily creditable for their research seeing as that the studied both the financial
planning of the more affluent, along with the social science behind them.
Accuracy
The information of the study was conducted in-house by the authors, giving
them the first look into financial statements, and planning of the upper echelon.
The information given from the book is both eye-opening and believable, meaning
that its in a sense, exactly what youd expect. The book itself is quite well written,
meaning that it is free of grammatical errors and still get the point across.
Purpose
The information provided by the book is meant to display the true reasons
why some of the highest paid individuals even struggle with their finances, while
others with lower paying incomes thrive under their own circumstances. The
information is based out of a series of interviews with what I believe to be fivehundred individuals, the facts are that without the increasing worry of debt over
someones head maybe it isnt all worth the price tag. The book is very, very
objective, meaning that the authors want you to be surprised at the outrageous
differences between your average Joe and above average Joe, PAWs and UAWs
respectively. The book also has hints to the political differences between the two
groups, and the cultural instincts that set the two apart.
Rating
Easily this book is a 5 to me, the information and strategies within the covers
are far to valuable not to appreciate.
Joi, Shihab S. "Save Your Hard Earned Cash The Easy Way." The Huffington Post UK.
N.p., 10 Jan. 204. Web. 29 Feb. 2016.
<http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2014/09/19/how-to-save-moneywithout_n_5848530.html>.
Currency
The articles information is about a few key steps to slowing or stopping ones
spending, the information provided are a bit too minute in some cases. The
information has not been revised since the publication of the article, but with the
basic knowledge given within the article next to no one would disagree with the
provided answers to the day to day financial problems haunting most Americans.
The links are functional, and the source is one that a little too dumbed down for my
liking.
Relevance
The article does not necessarily provide a basic answer to my topic question
but with the strategies provided along with discipline, financial success will ensue.
The intended audiacne of the article seems to be those who get their first real job
and end up spending most of their money before they know its gone AKA 20-

somethigns. The information is definitely low brow, but that also comes with the
territory of an online article. I am not comfortable with citing this source due to its
lack of general information and data.
Authority
The author Shihab Joi, and The Huffington Post both lack provided information
when describing their wtiters, due to their being no publically written description or
information on the author. Due to the author only being a writer, I will assume that
he is not as qualified as others in the mention in my other citations. Zero contact
information is given about the author, how unfortunate. Given that the URL is a
.com, the information seems not only to be of a lower brow but more commercial
use, meaning not directly answered question throughout the article.
Accuracy
The bulk of the information provided in the article is on key strategies for
millennials to save money, and monitor their spending in ways that they see as
simple I.E. apps. The information is not only not supported by research or studies
but the article has not been openly reviewed. The text itself seems to be written
with a bias in mind, that being that the reader has no idea what there are doing
when it comes to finances. Noticeably there are minor grammatical mistakes
throughout the article.
Purpose
The information is reasonably supposed to be sued to help teach those who
dont has a clue what their financial handicaps are. Yes, the purpose is clear but it
does not align with my own topic. The article is not necessarily based on facts or
opinions, its just an article on common strategies for those who no dont know how
to save or prevent spending. The article is definitely impractical because it provides
very little information about ways to build upon ones income, or where being frugal
makes a difference. The article is without a doubt ideological, meaning that its both
basic information, but it also doesnt provide any real answers.
Rating
A measly 2 out of 5 is generous, but the basic information on how to keep
tract of ones money could be useful to someone, somewhere.
Sekar, Anisha. "How Much Should I Save? How to Create the Ideal Budget - and Stick
With It - NerdWallet." NerdWallet. N.p., 13 July 2013. Web. 29 Feb. 2016.
<http://www.nerdwallet.com/blog/finance/money/how-much-should-i-save/>.
Currency
The article was published mid-2013, with an allotment of information on
where ones money should be going. This information is useful for my topic because
of this basic use of graphs and acclamation for ones money pre and post debt. The
information from the article has not been updated since publication.
Relevance

The information does in fact help provide key information as to where your
money should go over time to provide a healthy financial future, but does not
exactly match my research topic. The intended audience in this case would be those
individuals who dont operate on a weekly, monthly, or annual budget. The
information is definitely at a lower level, but that is almost a necessity for an online
article, when the author is trying to teach their readers. I am on the fence when it
comes to using this citation due the information being used also in another one of
my citations.
Authority
The author, Anisha Sekar, received her BA in applied mathematics-economics
and public policy, Brown University. Leaving here with high expectations when
graduating from the Ivy league, her article does not fall short on the information
side of things. Her article is not only easy to understand but full of graph and charts
to help the everyday person understand where their money should be going to
reach their financial goals. (415) 429-7416 support@nerdwallet.com
Accuracy / Purpose
The information is based on specified models within the article to help
individuals reach their financial goals, whether it be getting out of debt or
accumulating a substantial savings account. Most of the information provided is
based on studies conducted by the US government, and other article published
about Social Security or other government mandated programs. The author does
make her point clear, as long as the reader is honest with their self when allocating
their money into distinct sectors of spending. The article is also free of common
grammatical mistakes, or repeated information. The information is based on both
facts, and opinion, meaning that the strategies given are not necessarily the most
effective but there is not a cookie cutter way to do certain things financially. The
article itself is objective, trying to teach you how to allocate your money, while
staying reasonable frugal throughout the process.
Rating
Id give this article 3 out of 5, because the information is particle but I fear
that the creditability of the website could be an issue.