Digestive System Study Guide

1. List the organs/structures of the digestive system that were covered in

class
2. Name the function of the organs/structures of the digestive system
that were covered in class.
3. What are the portions of the large intestine?
4. What are the three macromolecules broken down by the digestive
system?
5. What is the directionality of a protein
6. What are the four basic processes of the digestive system?
7. Define the following:
a. Alimentary canal
b. Bolus
c. Chyme
d. Exocrine gland
e. Enterocyte
f. Hepatocyte
g. Hydrolysis
h. Microvilli
i. Ruggae
j. Tastant
k. Villi
8. What are the 5 tastes?
9. How do taste and flavor differ?
10.
What is an exocrine gland?
11.
Describe the structure of the esophagus.
12.
What does the esophagus pass through into the abdominal cavity
13.
What is the muscular motion that allows for swallowing?
14.
What is the swallowing reflex?
15.
Why doesnt absorption occur during swallowing?
16.
Trace the path of food from the mouth to the outside world.
17.
What nerve innervates the digestive system?
18.
What are the 4 tunics of the stomach?
19.
Describe the structure and function of each of the four tunics.
20.
What are the cells of the gastric pits?
a. What are the functions of these cells?
21.
How do you determine which side of the cell is apical and which
side is basilar?
22.
What does the endocrine pancreas release?
23.
What are the two cell types of the exocrine pancreas?
a. What are the functions of these cells
24.
What are the segments of the small intestine?
25.
What are the cell types in the small intestine?
a. What are the functions of these cells?
26.
What is bulk phase digestion?

27.
Give the substrate and products for each of these enzymes.
(What is being broken down and what is it being broken down into?)
a. Amylase
b. Pepsin
c. Lipase
d. Protease
e. Maltase
f. Sucrase
g. Lactase
h. Amino peptidase
i. Carboxy peptidase
28.
What enzymes are present at the unstirred layer?
29.
What are the muscles of the abdominal wall?
30.
What are the functions of the muscles of the abdominal wall?
31.
What are the boundaries of the abdominal WALL
32.
What are the boundaries of the abdominal CAVITY
33.
What is peritoneum?
34.
What are the two layers of peritoneum?
35.
What is the function of the omentum?
36.
What is the function of the mesentery?
37.
What is unique about the hepatic portal vein compared to the
hepatic
38.
How are glucose and amino acids stored?
39.
What are the origin, destination and function of the following
hormones?
a. Insulin
b. Glucagon
c. Secretin
d. CCK
e. Gastrin
40.
What is the function of bile?
41.
How does bile function? (What is unique about its structure?)
42.
Explain/diagram the insulin-glucagon cycle
43.
Explain the process of digestion and absorption of sugars at the
unstirred layer.
44.
Explain the process of digestion and absorption of amino acids at
the unstirred layer.
45.
Explain why it is not correct to refer to lactose intolerance as an
allergy.
46.
Explain how the muscles of the abdominal wall contribute to the
functions of the abdominal wall.