Joy Warwick

Denise Wold
March 16, 2016

I. Needs Assessment
A. General Data
1. Description of Site

Oasis A Safe Haven is a safe haven for survivors of domestic and sexual
violence located in Lake Charles, Louisiana. It was established in 1979 and
was the 2nd established shelter in the state of Louisiana. Oasis is operated
under the direction of a Board of Directors, Executive Director, staff and
volunteers. The function of Oasis is to create social change through
empowerment and support for victims of domestic violence and sexual
assault, safe shelter for women age 18 years and older, and their children as
well as community education. They are funded by grants from
the government, as well as personal and corporate donations. [1]

2.

Description of Target Group

This target group is a group of female victims of domestic violence, sexual

assault victims, and Department of Children and Family Services (DCFS)
clients. There are approximately 5-12 members of this particular target group
every 6 weeks. [1]

3.

Description of Staff Population

The Executive Director is over the agency. There are 3 supervisors. One is
the Director of Legal over the restraining orders to protect victims. The
program director handles all of the reports that go into funding the
establishment. The director of family services is over the advocate office and
children department. They have 5 full time advocates that work directly with
the residents and non-residents. The receptionist takes in all calls into the
shelter. The Administrative Assistant to the program director handles all of
the payroll duties. The domestic violence educator presents educational
material to the community. There are 3 sexual assault employees. One
handles the outreach advocates in community support groups. The other two
are volunteer coordinator and a community educator. [1]

4.

Description of Services Provided

The sexual violence program offers crisis intervention and supportive

counseling by phone or in person whenever needed. They offer a 24-hour
crisis hotline and weekly survivor support groups for victims of rape, sexual
assault and incest. The domestic violence program offers a 24-hour hotline
for survivors, their families and friends of domestic violence. It offers
residential services and community education training free of charge.

Presentations range from Dynamics of Domestic Violence, to Bullying.

Presentations are made available to schools, churches, businesses and other
groups. The Oasis Safe Haven future plans are to become more involved in
sex trafficking. The daily routine is kept as normal as possible helping them
rebuild their lives by assisting them in identifying and developing a plan of
action for their life. [2]

5.

Other Pertinent Data

Oasis Safe Havens residents, as a whole, have a predominately low dental

health knowledge. [1] Oasis Safe Havens water supply comes from the city
of Lake Charles. It is a community water system that flows at optimal
fluoride concentration of 0.70 mg/L. [3]

B. Information Related to Dental Health

The shelter itself does not provide any dental services, however a local
dentist volunteers to treat any victim that has suffered damage directly from
domestic violence. The shelter provides the residents with toothbrushes,
toothpaste, and dental floss and mouth rinse for them to maintain good oral
health. There have been no previous Dental Programs at this shelter. The staff
only has basic knowledge of dental health, and they have no formal training
to speak of. Southwest Louisiana (SWLA) is a resource that is available to

the non-residents for dental treatment. SWLA is a local establishment that

operates on a low-income pay scale. Their process is a first come first serve
basis for any low-income individual that is in need of treatment. No
appointment is necessary, walk-ins are welcome Monday-Thursday 8:00am10:00am every week. [1]

C.

Dental Health Status

A larger part of this population has a history of low SES as well as drug use.
The reduction of dental caries in older adults has been reduced, but
disparities still exist. These disparities are often directly related to sex,
ethnicity, and SES. [4]

The respondents were asked to check all the injuries they had experienced,
and many responded with more than one location and/or type of injury
(N=210). This accounts for the number of locations and injuries being higher
than the number of participants. The most common location of injury was the
lip (29 percent, N=61). Other common locations included the face (21
percent, N=45), the neck (14 percent, N=30), and the tongue (5 percent,
N=11). Other injuries included broken teeth (15 percent, N=32), broken jaw
(7 percent, N=14), lost teeth (5 percent, N=11), and other (3 percent, N=6).
Other responses included dislocated jaw, black eye, and broken nose. [5]

In a Study published in the Journal of Clinical & Diagnostic Research, 67%

of the women that reported to have been a victim of domestic violence and
32.8% reported no domestic violence. The women that were victims of
violence experienced severe psychological abuse. The periodontal status was
poorer in the domestic violence group and some had one or more teeth
missing caused by the violence. Caries were present in 47.5% of the victims,
where as 36% were present in the non-violence group. When comparing the
two groups, a significant correlation was found between psychological
domestic violence and tooth fractures as well as periodontal statuses. It is
also found that it is common for battered women to neglect their dental care.
Often times this is due to the abusive partners controlling their access to
health care. [6]

Goal:

To provide a preventive dental health program for the non-residents of Oasis Safe
Haven that will allow them to obtain knowledge of healthy behaviors that they
can use now and in the future.

Objectives:
1.

To develop a dental health resource list for the residents of Oasis Safe
Haven.

2.

To increase the utilization of available dental resources at Southwest

Louisiana Dental Clinic

3.

To improve the knowledge and skills in maintaining optimal oral health

for the non-residents of Oasis Safe Haven by 25%.

4.

To establish a daily routine of proper oral hygiene for the non-residents of

Oasis Safe Haven.

Rational:

This program is directed toward the non-residents in need of a preventive dental

health program at Oasis Safe Haven. According to the National Health and
Nutritional Examination Survey, 92% of adults ages 20-64 have had dental caries
in their permanent teeth, and 26% have untreated decay. 8.52% of this age group
have periodontal disease with 5.08% having moderate to severe. [7]

A study was conducted by the Journal of Clinical & Diagnostic Research to assess
the effect of domestic violence and oral health behavior and status of females
attending community outreach programs. This study showed that domestic
violence has a significant influence on oral health behavior and oral health status
of women. [6]

The effects of domestic violence does not just impact the physical and
psychological wellbeing of a person, it also impacts their dental health.
Depression may lead to poor dental health as a result of a cariogenic diet. The
stress experienced may lead to diseases like cold sores, bruxism, canker sores, and
periodontal disease. The abusive partner is often very controlling and does not
allow the battered partner access to health or dental care. It has been documented
that 38.7% of injuries incurred by domestic violence are found in the head and
neck region. [6]

Program Design:

Activities: The program plan is aimed at educating the non-residents of Oasis

Safe Haven. The educational sessions will consist of teaching basic dental health
topics, oral hygiene practices, and the importance of good oral hygiene. The
sessions will be performed on a weekly basis.

1. Session 1 (Tuesday, March 15th)

Non-residents of Oasis Safe Haven
During this session we will introduce general oral health information including:
plaque, brushing technique, length of brushing, importance of brushing, and a
post-test.

Pre-test on basic oral health knowledge

Explain plaque and calculus
Explain the importance of brushing and length of time needed
Demonstrate correct method of brushing

Non-residents will practice brushing on typodont

Modify techniques if needed
Stress the importance of adequate oral hygiene care
Post-test

2. Session 2 (Tuesday, March 22nd)

Non-residents of Oasis Safe Haven
During this session we will introduce oral health information including:
periodontal disease, prevention of periodontal disease, proper flossing
technique, and a post-test.
Pre-test on basic of oral health knowledge
Explain periodontal disease
Explain gingivitis
Explain periodontitis
Demonstrate proper flossing technique on typodont
Non-residents will practice flossing technique on typodont
Modify techniques if needed
Stress the importance of adequate oral hygiene care
Post-test
3. Session 3 (Tuesday, March 29th)
Non-residents of Oasis Safe Haven
During this session we will introduce oral health information including:
cavities, fluoride, toothbrush selection, dentifrices, and a post-test.

Pre-test on basic of oral health knowledge

Explain what cavities are
Explain what causes and prevention of cavities
Explain importance and benefits of fluoride
Present different types of toothbrushes soft and medium)
Stress importance of adequate oral hygiene care
Post-test

4. Session 4 (Tuesday, April 5th)

Non-residents of Oasis Safe Haven
During this session we will review general health information including:
plaque, calculus, brushing, flossing, periodontal disease, cavities, fluoride, and

dentifrices. We will also present a list of resources to the non-resident for dental
care, and a post-test.
Review topics learned in previous sessions
Discuss what the non-residents have learned from the lessons
Distribute a list of dental care resources to the non-residents
Post-test

Constraints and alternative strategies: Dental costs may be too expensive for the
non-residents to utilize. - Provide them a list for future reference. The group of
non-residents may vary from week to week. - Provide pamphlets and brochures.
Education levels may pose an issue in learning the information. - Use visual aids.
Non-residents may be removed from the program for misconduct - Provide them
with brochures. Residents may not be interested in the information. -

Resources:
Dry Mouth (Xerostomia), Open Wide and Trek Inside" brochures from
nidcr.nih.gov
Southwest Dental Clinic (SWLA)
Local dentist
Healthy Teeth for a Lifetime, Brochure from www.colate.com

Budget:
Toothbrushes: Donated by Colgate Pharmaceuticals
Toothpaste: Donated by Colgate Pharmaceuticals
Mouthwash: Donated by Johnson and Johnson

Floss: Donated by Johnson and Johnson

Brochures: Free
Medium Toothbrush:

$1.00

Paper for Resource list: $2.00

TOTAL:

$3.00

Timetable:
Tuesday March 15, 2016
Tuesday March 22, 2016
Tuesday March 29, 2016
Tuesday April 5, 2016

Evaluation:
Formative Evaluation:
1. Meet with the non-residents once a week to ensure that all needs were
met during the oral health program presentations and that all
educational needs were addressed.
2. A verbal question and answers session will be conducted at the end of
each presentation to determine whether the non-residents understood
the information being presented.
Summative:
1. We will provide the non-residents a dental resource list that will provide
dental treatment.
2. The program counselor will make annual contact with the local dentist

and SWLA to assess the rate of utilization for restorative services for
the non-resident patients.
3. We will provide the non-residents with a pre-test to determine their oral
health knowledge.
4. We will provide the non-residents with a post-test to assess and compare
their daily oral hygiene habits.
5. We will provide the program counselor with a questionnaire at the end
of the oral health program that will allow her to assess the success of
the program. This will also allow her to offer any suggestions or
changes that she feels will be helpful to the success of the program.

References:
1. Kathy Williams, director of Oasis Safe Haven.

2. Oasis Safe Haven. (n.d.) Oasis a safe haven for survivors of domestic and sexual
violence. N.P.: n.p.

3. Community Water Fluoridation. (2015, July 29). Retrieved from

http://www.cdc.gov/fluoridation/index.htm

4. Dent Clin North Am. (2014, October). Oral health disparity in older adults: dental
decay and tooth loss. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25201540

5. Nelms, A.P..(2009, January 9) What Victims of Domestic Violence Need from the
dental Profession. Retrieved from http://www.jdentaled.org/content/73/4/490.full

6. Domestic Violence and its Effect on Oral Health Behavior and Oral Health Status.
(2014, November). Retrieved from
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4290319/

7. Dental Caries (Tooth Decay) in Adults (Age 20-64). (2014, September 05). Retrieved
from
http://www.nidcr.nih.gov/DataStatistics/FindDataByTopic/DentalCaries/DentalCariesAdu
lts20to64.htmpdxscholar.library.pdx.edu
Appendix:

Pretest/Posttest
1.How many times a day is it recommended that you brush your teeth?
A. One
B. Two
C. After each meal
2. How long should you brush your teeth?
A. 1 minute
B. 2 minutes
C. 5 minutes
3. What causes cavities?
A. Sugar
B. Food
C. Acid produced by bacteria
4. Given the options, what is the best way to prevent cavities?
A. Eat a protein with each meal
B. Chew sugar free gum

C. Drink Red Bull every day

5. What is the purpose of fluoride?
A. To control Tartar
B. To strengthen your teeth
C. Adds flavor to toothpastes and mouth rinses
6. What type of toothbrush should be used?
A. Hard
B. Medium
C. Soft
7. What is periodontal disease?
A. A disease of the tongue
B. A disease of the teeth
C. A disease of the mouth
8. Who can get periodontal disease?
A. Adults
B. Children
C. Elderly
D. All of the above
9. What is plaque?
A. The hard stuff stuck on your teeth
B. Bad Breath
C. The sticky white substance left on your teeth after you eat.
10. Why should you floss?

A. To remove debris that toothbrushes can't reach.

B. To whiten your teeth
C. Because we said to

Lesson Plans:

Topic: The subject matter of this lesson is non-residents of Oasis Safe Haven and
how to obtain knowledge of health oral health behaviors that they can use now
and in the future.

Lesson #1:

Introductory Statement: This lesson is directed toward non-residents of Oasis Safe

Haven. Many of the non-residents lack the knowledge of the importance of good oral
hygiene. The goal of the lesson plan is to educate the non-residents with the proper
knowledge and techniques of tooth brushing in order to maintain healthy oral cavities.
The time needed for this lesson will be 60 minutes.

Objectives:

Psychomotor: At the completion of this lesson:

1. The non-residents will demonstrate adequate brushing techniques.(application)

2. The non-residents will identify what type of toothbrush to use.
(comprehension)

Cognitive: At the completion of this lesson:

1. The non-residents will explain what plaque is. (comprehension)

2. The non-residents will indicate how many times a day to brush your teeth.
(knowledge)
3. The non-residents will indicate how long each tooth brushing session should
last. (knowledge)

Affective: At the completion of this lesson:

1. The non-residents will choose to accept the importance of proper daily oral
hygiene brushing techniques. (application)

Content Outline:
While tooth brushing seems to be a very basic activity, there are certain techniques that
are more beneficial than others in order maintain a healthy oral cavity. When brushing, it
is not about how hard your brush, it is all about technique and time for plaque removal.

I.

Plaque and Brushing

A) Pre-Test to identify the oral health knowledge of the non-residents

B) What is plaque
1) Sticky white film that is left on your tongue and teeth after you
eat.
2) Contains bacteria
C) What causes plaque
1) Sugar foods
2) Carbohydrates (bread, potatoes, cereal)
3) Normal eating habits
D) How do you prevent plaque from gathering on your teeth
1) Eat less sugary foods
2) Regular dental visits
2) Mechanically remove it by brushing
E) The importance of plaque removal and brushing
1) Prevent build up, calculus, and staining
2) Enamel breakdown, tooth decay, periodontal disease
E) What is the purpose of tooth brushing
1) Remove plaque, food and stains
2) Stimulates gum tissue
3) Controls periodontal infections
F) How do you brush your teeth
1) Gentle strokes that allow the bristles to enter under the gum line
and roll away from the gum line. 10-15 strokes for each

position, not removing the bristles from under the gums

between strokes.
2) Brush the outer and inner chewing surfaces, tongue and palate
3) Brush for 2 minutes at a 45-degree angle to the gum line.

Activities:

A. Initiatory Activities:
1)

First we will introduce ourselves as Denise and Joy from the LIT Dental
Hygiene Program.

2)

Next we will introduce the topic of plaque and brushing.

3) We will ask the non-residents the question, Who likes to kiss someone
who has not brushed their teeth?
4)

We will provide them with a Pre-Test to test their dental knowledge.

B. Developmental Activities:
1)

First, we will explain to the non-residents that today we will be discussing

what plaque is and the proper length and technique of tooth brushing
presented in the video.

2)

We will provide a video that demonstrates the proper brushing technique

and then observe the non-residents demonstrating the proper technique on
the typodont and make adjustments as needed.

C. Culminating Activities:
1)

We will give the non-residents the handout Healthy Teeth for a Lifetime
to express the importance of brushing daily to remove plaque and
encourage them to make this a daily habit.

2)

Lastly, we will ask the non-residents questions regarding plaque and tooth
brushing techniques and allow them to express their knowledge gained
from the lesson. The correct answers will be discussed and we will thank
everyone for participating.

Materials and Resources:

A. Handouts
1) Brochure Healthy Teeth for a Lifetime from colgate.com
B. Visual Aid
1) Video: How To Brush Your Teeth Like Never Before
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Oq2vQSkVQxY
C. Demonstration:
1) Typodont
2) Tooth brushes

Evaluation:
The pretest was given as a way to evaluate the knowledge of the non-residents
prior to the lesson and questions were asked following the lesson.

Lesson #2:

Introductory Statement: This lesson is directed toward non-residents of Oasis Safe

Haven. Many of the non-residents lack the knowledge of the importance of good oral
hygiene. The goal of the lesson plan is to educate the non-residents with the proper
knowledge of periodontal disease and how to prevent it, as well as teach them the proper
flossing technique. The time needed for this lesson will be 60 minutes.

Objectives:

Psychomotor: At the completion of this lesson:

1. The non-residents will demonstrate the proper flossing technique on the

typodont. (application)

Cognitive: At the completion of this lesson:

1. The non-residents will explain what periodontal disease is. (comprehension)
2. The non-residents will explain what gingivitis is. (comprehension)
3. The non-residents will explain what periodontitis is. (comprehension)

Affective: At the completion of this lesson:

1. The non-residents will choose to accept the importance of proper daily oral
hygiene brushing techniques. (application)

Content Outline:
I.

Periodontal Disease and Flossing

A. Review information from previous lesson
B. What is periodontal disease
1) Perio means around and dontal refers to teeth. So periodontal
disease is an infection of the structures around the teeth, which
include the gums, ligaments and bone
C. What is gingivitis
1) Inflammation of the gum tissue
D. What causes gingivitis
1) Not brushing or flossing regularly or properly
E. What are the symptoms of gingivitis
1) Red, swollen gums that bleed easily
F. What is periodontitis
1) A serious gum infection that damages gums and destroys the bone
G.
H.

I.

J.
K.

that supports your teeth

What causes periodontitis
1) Plaque that hardens into calculus that is not removed.
2) Most cases start between your teeth
What are the symptoms of periodontitis
1) Swollen/bleeding gums that are tender
2) Receding gums
3) Pus or gum abscess
4) Loose teeth
5) Deem pockets in your gums
Who can develop periodontitis
1) Mainly found in adults but can be found in children
2) Smokers
3) People with poor oral hygiene
4) Can be hereditary
What does flossing do
1) Removes food particles that toothbrushes cant
Where should I floss
1) Under the gum line and between your teeth

L. Why should I floss

1) Because plaque build-up can lead to calculus, cavities and gum
disease
M. How do I floss
1) Use 18 in of floss
2) Wrap around fingers
3) Slide between your teeth
4) Curve around the tooth in a c-shape
5) Scrape the floss against the tooth in an up and down motion
making sure to go beneath the gum line.
N. How often should I floss?
1) Daily
Activities:

A. Initiatory Activities:
1) First we will introduce ourselves as Denise and Joy from the LIT Dental
Hygiene Program.
2) Next we will introduce the topics of periodontal disease and flossing
3) We will ask the non-residents the question, Who thinks it is normal or ok
for your hands to bleed when you wash them?
4) We will ask the non-residents, Who knows what periodontal disease is?

B. Developmental Activities:
1)
First, we will explain to the non-residents that today we will be discussing
2)

what periodontal disease is and present to them a video on this subject.

We will provide a video that demonstrates the proper flossing technique
and then observe the non-residents demonstrating the proper technique on
the typodont and make adjustments as needed.

C. Culminating Activities:
1) Lastly, we will ask the non-residents questions regarding periodontal
disease and flossing techniques and allow them to express their knowledge

gained from the lesson. The correct answers will be discussed and we will
thank everyone for participating.

Materials and Resources:

A. Visual Aid
1) Video: Periodontal Disease & Treatment
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kXI4AFEeHA8
B. Demonstration:
1) Typodont
2) Floss

Evaluation:
The pretest was given as a way to evaluate the knowledge of the non-residents
prior to the lesson and questions were asked following the lesson.

Lesson #3:

Introductory Statement: This lesson is directed toward non-residents of Oasis Safe

Haven. Many of the non-residents lack the knowledge of what causes cavities and the
importance of fluoride. The goal of the lesson plan is to educate the non-residents with
the proper knowledge of how to prevent cavities, the importance of fluoride and different
products that they can use to better their oral health. The time needed for this lesson will
be 60 minutes.

Objectives:

Psychomotor: At the completion of this lesson:

1. The non-residents will identify what causes cavities. (comprehension)
2. The non-residents will eat a protein or dairy product with each meal to help
prevent cavities. (application)
Cognitive: At the completion of this lesson:
1. The non-residents will list different dentifrices that can be used to better their
oral health. (comprehension)
2. The non-residents will explain the benefits of fluoride. (comprehension)
Affective: At the completion of this lesson:
1. The non-residents will discuss how to prevent cavities (comprehension)
2. The non-residents will defend why soft toothbrushes are what should be used.

(comprehension)
Content Outline:

I.

Cavities and Fluoride

A. Review information from previous lesson
B. What are cavities
1) Bacterial infection that destroys hard tissue of the teeth
2) Tooth decay
3) Most common disease among humans
C. What causes cavities
1) Frequent consumption of refined sugars
2) When food debris is left on the tooth surface, bacteria forms acid
that eats the tooth.
D. What can cavities lead to
1) Tooth loss
E. How can you prevent cavities
1) Brushing after each meal
2) Flossing daily
3) Eating less sugar
4) Eat protein or dairy product with your meal
F. Why is fluoride important
1) Helps make teeth strong
2) Rebuilds teeth in the early stages of a cavity
G. How do you get fluoride
1) At home: toothpaste, mouthwash, fluoridated water
2) Professionally: gel, varnish or tabs
H. What products can help better your oral hygiene
1) Correct toothbrush
2) Fluoridated toothpaste
3) Fluoride mouth rinse
4) Floss
I. What type of toothbrush should you use
1) Soft because they are less abrasive on the oral tissues

Activities:

A. Initiatory Activities:
1) First we will introduce ourselves as Denise and Joy from the LIT Dental

Hygiene Program.
2) Next we will introduce the topics of cavities and fluoride
3) We will ask the non-resident the question, If you knew that the bacteria
that is left on your teeth all night from not brushing and flossing before
you went to bed, pooped acid on your teeth all night, would you still go to
bed without brushing or flossing?
B. Developmental Activities:
1) First, we will explain to the non-residents that today we will be discussing
cavities and fluoride, and present to them a video on this subject.
2) We will provide a video that shows where and how cavities form and how
to prevent them.
3) We will show the non-residents soft and medium toothbrushes, toothpaste,
floss and mouth rinse
C. Culminating Activities:
1) Lastly, we will express how important daily care of their oral cavity is and
encourage them to make this a daily behavior.
2) We will ask the non-residents questions regarding fluoride and various
oral hygiene products and allow them to express their knowledge gained
from the lesson. The correct answers will be discussed and we will thank
everyone for participating.
Materials and Resources:
A. Visual Aids
1) Video: Tooth Decay (Dental Caries) https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=_oIlv59bTL4
2) Video: Fluoride Benefits https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=JGrZn7xw8A4
Evaluation:
The pretest was given as a way to evaluate the knowledge of the non-residents

prior to the lesson and questions were asked following the lesson.

Lesson # 4:

Introductory Statement: This lesson is directed toward non-residents of Oasis Safe

Haven. During this session we will review general health information including: plaque,
calculus, brushing, flossing, periodontal disease, cavities, fluoride, and dentifrices. We
will also present a list of resources to the non-resident for dental care, and a post-test.

Objectives:

Psychomotor: At the completion of this lesson:

1. The non-residents will identify what type of toothbrush to use.
(comprehension)
2. The non-residents will identify what causes cavities. (comprehension)

Cognitive: At the completion of this lesson:

1. The non-residents will explain what plaque is. (comprehension)
2. The non-residents will indicate how many times a day to brush your teeth.
(knowledge)
3. The non-residents will indicate how long each tooth brushing session should

last. (knowledge)
4. The non-residents will explain what periodontal disease is. (comprehension)
5. The non-residents will explain what gingivitis is. (comprehension)
6. The non-residents will explain what periodontitis is. (comprehension)
7. The non-residents will list different dentifrices that can be used to better their
oral health. (comprehension)
8. The non-residents will explain the benefits of fluoride. (comprehension)
9. The non-residents will describe adequate brushing techniques. (comprehension)
10. The non-residents will describe the proper flossing technique.
(comprehension)

Affective: At the completion of this lesson:

1. The non-residents will choose to accept the importance of proper daily oral
hygiene brushing techniques. (application)
2. The non-residents will discuss how to prevent cavities (comprehension)
3. The non-residents will defend why soft toothbrushes are what should be used.
(comprehension)

Content Outline:

I.

Review Previous Lesson Material and Introduce Available Resources

A. What is plaque
1) Sticky white film that is left on your tongue and teeth after you

eat.
2) Contains bacteria
B. What causes plaque
1) Sugar foods
2) Carbohydrates (bread, potatoes, cereal)
3) Normal eating habits
C. What is the proper way to brush your teeth
1) Gentle strokes that allow the bristles to enter under the gum line and
roll away from the gum line. 10-15 strokes for each position, not
removing the bristles from under the gums between strokes.
2) Brush the outer and inner chewing surfaces, tongue and palate
3) Brush for 2 minutes at a 45-degree angle to the gum line.
D. What is periodontal disease
1) Perio means around and dontal refers to teeth. So periodontal
disease is an infection of the structures around the teeth, which
include the gums, ligaments and bone
E. What is gingivitis
1) Inflammation of the gum tissue
F. What is periodontitis
1) A serious gum infection that damages gums and destroys the bone
that supports your teeth
G. What does flossing do
1) Removes food particles that toothbrushes cant
H. How do I floss
1) Use 18 in of floss
2) Wrap around fingers
3) Slide between your teeth
4) Curve around the tooth in a c-shape
5) Scrape the floss against the tooth in an up and down motion
making sure to go beneath the gum line.
I. What are cavities
1) Bacterial infection that destroys hard tissue of the teeth
2) Tooth decay
3) Most common disease among humans
J. Why is fluoride important

1) Helps make teeth strong

2) Rebuilds teeth in the early stages of a cavity
K. What products can help better your oral hygiene
1) Correct toothbrush
2) Fluoridated toothpaste
3) Fluoride mouth rinse
4) Floss

Activities:

A. Initiatory Activities:
1. First we will introduce ourselves as Denise and Joy from the LIT Dental
Hygiene Program.
2. We will tell the non-residents that we will be reviewing the material that
we have covered in the previous lessons.
B. Developmental Activities:
1. First we will explain to the non-residents that today we will be discussing
plaque, calculus, brushing, flossing, periodontal disease, cavities, fluoride,
and various dentifrices.
2. We will ask the non-residents, What information do you remember most
about the previous lessons and why?
3. We will provide the non-residents with a list of dental resources for them
to utilize.
C. Culminating Activities:
1. Lastly, the post-test will be distributed and we will allow the non-residents
to express their knowledge gained from the lessons, and the correct
answers will be announced. We will thank everyone for participating in
our lessons and activities.

Materials and Resources:

1. Southwest Dental Clinic
2. Local dentist

Evaluation:
The post-test was given as a way to evaluate the knowledge of the non-residents
at the end of the oral health program.