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The L1 estimates the DPCCH quality or the quality of the TPC fields of
the F-DPCH frame received from the serving HS-DSCH cell over the previous
160 ms period to be worse than a threshold Qout.
Once the Radio Link Failure happens, the UE tries to recover from it by sending
CELL UPDATE message indicating cause Radio Link Failure. If the network
responds with a CELL UPDATE CONFIRM while the retries from UE are not
exhausted, the Radio Link is restored and the data is resumed. The CELL
UPDATE CONFIRM message contains reconfigured parameters for the
Physical channel. These make the channel more robust(lowering the
Modulation scheme, increasing the redundancy) so that there is more chance of
the channel being decoded properly at the UE.
It follows the following states:
N312 can be set to one of the following values: 1, 2, 4, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 400,
600, 800, 1000.
T313 Out-of-Sync Reception Timer
3GPP TS 25.331 8.5.6 states that after receiving N313 consecutive "out of sync"
indications from layer, the UE shall start the T313 timer. Upon receiving N315
successive "in sync" indications from layer 1, the UE shall stop and reset the
T313 timer. If T313 expires, a "Radio Link failure" has occurred, and the UE
shall drop the call.
N313 Successive Out-Of-Sync Reception Max
N313 specifies the maximum number of successive "out of sync" received from
L1.
N313 can be set to one of the following integer values: 1, 2, 4, 10, 20, 50, 100,
200.
N315 Successive In-Sync Reception Counter
N315 specifies the maximum number of successive "in sync" received from L1
during T313 is activated.
N315 can be set to one of the following integer values: 1, 2, 4, 10, 20, 50, 100,
200, 400, 600, 800, 1000.
T308 RRC Conn Release Comp Retransmit Timer
T308 specifies the time between the transmissions of RRC Connection Release
Complete message.
N308 RRC Conn Release Comp Max Retransmits
N308 specifies the maximum number of retransmissions of the RRC
CONNECTION RELEASE COMPLETE message.
T3212 Periodic Location Update Timer
T3212 specifies how often the UE will perform the periodic location update
procedure. It is signaled in SIB1.
When T3212 is set to zero, the UE will regard the timer to be infinite.
state, this condition is avoided, since 1 URA contains one or more cells and vice
versa.
3) In which conditions UE will be in Cell FACH state?
This happens when,
UE doesnt require continuous circuit connection with n/w, but DL packets will
work.
UE is forced to release the n/w resources to decrease the congestion problems
(flip-flop between DCH and FACH).
Eventual location updates to support CELL_PCH and URA_PCH states (flip-flop
between FACH and PCH).
E.g. Call on hold(CS), File downloading(PS)
4) What is the difference between Cell PCH and URA PCH state?
UE is known on URA(UTRAN Registration Area) level rather than cell level
If UE is traveling continuously from one cell to another. It would have to transit
multiple time to CELL_FACH state for location update. By assigning URA_PCH
state, this condition is avoided, since 1 URA contains one or more cells and vice
versa
5) What is U-RNTI?
URNTI is a 32bit identity.
SRNC identifier + SRNTI makes URNTI
6) Describe the CELL search procedure?
The Cell Search procedure can be summarised into the following steps:
a. Cell Selection: Determine the cell whose received carrier power is the strongest
b. Slot Synchronisation: the UE reads the P-SCH of the strongest carrier and
feeds the received signal through a matched filter (that is matched to the
Primary Synchronisation Code). The slot timing is detected via detection of
peaks in the output of the matched filter.
c. Frame Synchronisation and Scrambling Code Group Identification:
the UE reads the S-SCH of the strongest carrier, and correlates the received
signal with all the possible 64 Secondary Synchronisation Codes. The output
that gives maximum correlation gives the group of the Primary Scrambling Code
used in the cell. This process also gives the frame timing since the Secondary
Synchronisation Code is different for each slot and the group tells the mapping
between slots and SSCs.
d. Scrambling Code Identification: The UE attempts then to read the P-CPICH
so as to extract the Primary Scrambling Code used in the cell. The P-CPICH is
always scrambled by the Primary Scrambling Code of the cell and is spread a
factor 256 and an OVSF whose index is zero. Since the Primary Scrambling
Codes are grouped into 64 groups of 8 Scrambling Codes and the S-SCH has
given the Scrambling Code group only 8 possibilities remain. So the P-CPICH is
unscrambled separately withevery possible Scrambling Code (8) in the group
and only one output will produce correct results and the Primary Scrambling
Code of the cell is determined.
e. Read Broadcast Information: Since the P-CCPCH is always scrambled by the
Primary Scrambling Code of the cell (which has now been determined) and is
always spread using SF=256 with OVSF index=1, The UE can read the P-CCPCH
without any problem. The P-CCPCH carries the BCH where system information
blocks are broadcast throughout the entire cell. The UE can acquire at this stage
various information (e.g. Spreading Factors, OVSF indexes and Scrambling
Codes used in other downlink channels, important
a. Cell PCH:
This happens when UE doesnt require an active
Connection(common/dedicated). But still needs to be connected, as its
expecting a n/w initiated or terminated call(CS or PS) in future
b. URA PCH:
In Cell PCH UE is still identified on cell level, but now in the cell where UE
made its last update, when it was in CELL_FACH state.At regular time interval,
UE would have to move in CELL_FACH state to update the location area. If UE
is traveling, this update will become frequent because of changing cells. If UE is
traveling continuously from one cell to another. It would have to transit
multiple time to CELL_FACH state for location update. By assigning URA_PCH
state, this condition is avoided, since 1 URA contains one or more cells and vice
versa
14) What is Cell Update Procedure? What are various Cell Update causes?
Uplink data transmission:
For FDD, if the variable H_RNTI is not set, and for TDD:
if the UE is in URA_PCH or CELL_PCH state; and
if the UE has uplink RLC data PDU or uplink RLC control PDU on RB1 or
upwards to transmit:
perform cell update using the cause "uplink data transmission".
Paging response:
if the criteria for performing cell update with the cause specified above. are not
met; and
if the UE in URA_PCH or CELL_PCH state, receives a PAGING TYPE 1
.message fulfilling the conditions for initiating a cell update procedure.
perform cell update using the cause "paging response".
Radio link failure:
if none of the criteria for performing cell update with the causes specified above
in the current subclause is met:
if the UE is in CELL_DCH state and the criteria for radio link failure are ,or
if the transmission of the UE CAPABILITY INFORMATION message fails.
perform cell update using the cause "radio link failure".
MBMS ptp RB request:
if none of the criteria for performing cell update with the causes specified above
in the current subclause is met; and
if the UE is in URA_PCH, Cell_PCH or Cell_FACH state; and
if the UE should perform cell update for MBMS ptp radio bearer request,
perform cell update using the cause "MBMS ptp RB request".
Re-entering service area:
if none of the criteria for performing cell update with the causes specified above
in the current subclause is met; and
if the UE is in CELL_FACH or CELL_PCH state; and
2> if the UE has been out of service area and re-enters service area before
T307 or T317 expires:
3> perform cell update using the cause "re-entering service area".
RLC unrecoverable error:
if none of the criteria for performing cell update with the causes specified above
in the current subclause is met; and
if the UE detects RLC unrecoverable error [16] in an AM RLC entity:
perform cell update using the cause "RLC unrecoverable error".
Cell reselection:
if none of the criteria for performing cell update with the causes specified above
in the current subclause is met:
if the UE is in CELL_FACH or CELL_PCH state and the UE performs cell reselection; or
if the UE is in CELL_FACH state and the variable C_RNTI is empty:
perform cell update using the cause "cell reselection".
Periodical cell update:
if none of the criteria for performing cell update with the causes specified above
in the current subclause is met; and
if the UE is in CELL_FACH or CELL_PCH state; and
if the timer T305 expires; and
if the criteria for "in service area" and
if periodic updating has been configured by T305 in the IE "UE Timers and
constants in connected mode" set to any other value than "infinity":
perform cell update using the cause "periodical cell update".
MBMS reception:
if none of the criteria for performing cell update with the causes specified above
in the current subclause is met; and
if the UE is in URA_PCH, Cell_PCH or Cell_FACH state; and
if the UE should perform cell update for MBMS counting ,
perform cell update using the cause "MBMS reception".
15) What is Active set?
Active Set is defined as the set of Node-Bs the UE is simultaneously connected
to (i.e., the UTRA cells currently assigning a downlink DPCH to the UE
constitute the active set).
16) What is Monitor set and detected set Cells?
a. Cells, which are not included in the active set, but are included in the
CELL_INFO_LIST belong to the Monitored Set.
b. Cells detected by the UE, which are neither in the CELL_INFO_LIST nor in the
active set belong to the Detected Set. Reporting of measurements of the
detected set is only applicable to intra-frequency measurements made by UEs in
CELL_DCH state.
17) What are the various types of RNC?
a. Serving RNC
b. Drift RNC
c. Controlling RNC
18) What is the use and difference between CRNC, Drift RNC and SRNC?
RNC from which the UE is currently getting Served or connected to is called
SRNC or Serving RNC.
During a soft handover procedure the RNC UE is moving to, is called Drift RNC.
The RNC which controls the movement of UE from Serving RNC to the Drift
RNC is called Controlling RNC.
19) What is initial direct transfer message? What is the use?
The initial direct transfer procedure is used in the uplink to establish a signaling
connection. It is also used to carry an initial upper layer (NAS) message over the
radio interface.
20) What is security mode command? Why it is used?
Security mode command is a RRC Message,
The purpose of this procedure :
To trigger the start of ciphering or to command the restart of the ciphering with a
new ciphering configuration, for the radio bearers of one CN domain and for all
signalling radio bearers.
It is also used to start integrity protection or to modify the integrity protection
configuration for all signalling radio bearers
21) What is CCTrCH?
A Coded Composite Transport Channel is the result of combining (multiplexing)
several Transport Channels of the same type; i.e.: we can have a CCTrCh made
up of one or several DCHs, a CCTrCh made up of DSCHs. One exception is that
we can have one or several FACHs multiplexed with a PCH on the same
CCTrCh.
A better notation would be for example:
CCTrCh4DCH: A CCTrCh consisting of 4 DCHs
CCTrCh3FACH: A CCTrCh consisting of 3 FACHs
CCTrChPCH,2FACH: A CCTrCh consisting of the PCH and 2 FACHs
22) What is compressed mode?
Higher layers can request a UE to monitor cells on other frequencies (FDD,
TDD), or other systems (GSM). This implies that the UE has to perform
measurements, on the other frequencies/systems and thus higher layers
command the UE to enter Compressed Mode. The UTRAN need to send to the
UE all the parameters for the Compressed Mode.
Compression Methods:
When in Compressed Mode the information normally transmitted during a 10
ms frame is compressed in time sothat gaps of adequate length are created. To
achieve this one of three mechanisms
Puncturing
This method is NOT applicable to downlink.
Spread Factor Reduction
Actually halving the Spread Factor. So with this method if SF is used in noncompressed frames then SF/2 is used in the compressed frames.
Higher Layer Scheduling
Higher Layers set restrictions so that only a subset of allowed TFCs are used in
Compressed Mode.
Compressed Mode Parameter:
TGSN (Transmission Gap Starting Slot Number): A transmission gap pattern
begins in a radio frame, called firstradio frame of the transmission gap pattern,
containing at least one transmission gap slot. TGSN is the slot numberof the
first transmission gap slot within the first radio frame of the transmission gap
pattern;
TGL1 (Transmission Gap Length 1): Duration of the first transmission gap
within the transmission gap pattern, expressed in number of slots;
TGL2 (Transmission Gap Length 2): Duration of the second transmission gap
within the transmission gap pattern, expressed in number of slots. If this
parameter is not explicitly set by higher layers, then TGL2 =TGL1;
TGD (Transmission Gap Start Distance): Duration between the starting slots
of two consecutive transmission gaps within a transmission gap pattern,
expressed in number of slots. The resulting position of the second transmission
gap within its radio frame(s) shall comply with the limitations of TS 25.101 (Ref
[2]). If this parameter is not set by higher layers, then there is only one
transmission gap in the transmission gap pattern;
Auto
Attach
When
Power
On
PS
Call
Enabled
If
MNO I
It will perform a combined Attach
If NMOII
It will do a LAU and Attach.
Disabled
37) What are the important RACH parameters and which SIB contains this
information?
SIB 7/5
38) Which SIB contains S criteria information?
SIB 3