BABAR:

Zahir-ud-din Muhammad Babar, founder of the Mughal dynasty in India was an excel
lent general and a wise ruler. He was born on 14th February 1483 and was a Chugh
tai Turk, descendant of king Taimur on his father's side and Chengez Khan on his
mother's side. Thus conquest and efficient administration was in his blood. He
succeeded to the throne of Farghana, a small state in Central Asia, when his fat
her Umar Sheikh Mirza died when he was barely 11years old. His initial years to
throne were marked by continuous wars, battles and treaties.
After sometime he lost his state and had to live in exile. Few years later fate
again smiled on him. His enemies fought among themselves and he converted this o
pportunity in his favor, and captured the kingdom of present day Afghanistan. Ba
bar was able to re conquer his home state Farghana and Samarkand, but this happi
ness proved to be shortlived for him. As he was again driven out of his home by
his Uzbeg enemies. He was invited to India by Rana Sanga and Daulat Khan Lodi, t
he Muslim Governor of Punjab, to fight against Ibrahim Lodi. After losing his em
pire in Central Asia, he found the invitation very lucrative, thus he invaded In
dia. He was the first king to bring artillery to India. He fought Ibrahim Lodi i
n the field of Panipat on 21st April 1526 and won this battle known in Indian hi
story as the First battle of Panipat. This battle marked his conquest over Delhi
. And changed the course of Indian history as well as Mughal empire forever. Aft
er this he fought another decisive battle with Rana Sanga in 1527, at Kanwaha. I
n this battle Rana Sanga was defeated and with this Babar became the unchallenge
d ruler of northern India.
Although he restrained from plundering and looting the cities of India, he was n
ot very religiously inclined and did not convert the people of India to Islam. H
is first act of commemorating victory in Agra was an aesthetic one, a garden in
Persian style, called Aram Bagh.
He had made
har, before
f India. It
530 and was

himself the ruler of Punjab, Delhi and the Ganga plains as far as Bi
his death. He wrote an autobiography containing lively description o
is known as Tuzuk-I- Babari, and is written in Turkish. He died in 1
succeeded by his son Humayun to the throne of Delhi.