sult Biology 2 Marking Scheme 2011 JABATAN PELAJARAN NEGERI WILAYAH PERSEKUTUAN PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN SIJIL PELAJARAN MALAYSIA 2011 es, BIOLOGI KERTAS 2 PERATURAN PEMARKAHAN UNTUK KEGUNAAN PEMERIKSA SAHAJA,SULIT MARKING SCHEME BIOLOGY 2 TRIAL EXAM 2011 45s NO ‘SUGGESTED ANSWER MARKS | TOTAL Taw ‘Qi Hypotonic R: Isotonic S: Hypertonic MARKS (aii) Distilled wateri/1% of sucrose solution (oni), Criteria: Drawing- the epidermis of spinach strip curved outward Labelling-epidermis T Max:2 | (bM(ii) EI: 30% of sucrose solution is hypertonic to the spinach strip/'Spinach strip is hypotonic to the sucrose solution 2: Water diffuse out of the cell by osmosis E3: The epidermis layer of spinach strip curve outward E4:because epidermal cell is not permeable to water. (ey Et: Solution X is hypotonic to the red blood cell/7RBC is hypertonic to the solution X. E2: Water diffuse into the cell by osmosis ES: RBC swell up and eventually burst 4: The process named haemolysis rota 2a) Phase Ii the Gy phase or growth phase | Phase Ili the S phase or DNA synthesis phase Phase Ills the G phase or growth phase Il Phase 1V is mittic cell division, fo) ‘* Phase | involves the synthesis of new materials which are required for cell division, for example synthesis of proteins and new organelles, Phase III involves continuous growth of the cell, ‘The cell remains metabolically active Mitosis and cytokinesis TH 2 PI-Mitosis involves. nuclear division /eell division which maintain ‘the number of chromosome , while P2-cytokinesis involves cytoplasmic division. P3-The chromosomes which are duplicated during interphase Separate into two identical daughter chromosomes during anaphase P4-and eventually separate into two individual daughter cells during cytokinesis, P5-each with a nucleus that contains the diploid number of chromosomes. /the original amount of DNA ee © TOTAL = 12 3.) Oy W: Oxygen deficit Z: During vigorous exercise rate of oxygen utilization for cellular respiration 4552/2 ©2011 Hak Cipta JPNWPSULIT MARKING SCHEME BIOLOGY 2 TRIAL EXAM 2011 45512 © @ © ~ exceeds the rate of oxygen supplied to the muscle. Oxygen debt when lactic acid accumulate in the muscle, ‘+ _ 8 person breathes rapidly o replenish/eplace the oxygen debt. * During this period lactic acid is converted to energy and carbon dioxide, During vigorous exercise, the concentration of the carbon dioxide inthe blood increases/érop in pH level and detected by Central chemoreceprors in medulla oblongata, ‘The impulse is send to stimulate intercostals muscles and the diaphgram, 1 increase ventilation rate. Wis anaerobic respiration, ¥ is aerobie respiration \_ W produce 2 ATP, Y produce 38 ATP. W occur in eytoplasm Y occur in mitochondria W produce lactic acid W produce carbon dioxide Any2 Any 4 Any3 pairs U TOTAL 3 Ow After meals/consuming (carbohydrate) food! drinking carbonated Ssweet drink! (i) Fasting //Not eating for some time ® Y= Insulin X= Glucagon © EI- An increase in glucose level insulin from the pancreas E2-Insulin stimulates the liver/ muscle cells to convert excess Blucose to glycogen // stimulates adipose tissue to use glucose for respiration/ to form fat. E3-A decrease in glucose level stimulates the production of glucagon from the pancreas. E4-Glucagon stimulates the breakdown of glycogen to glucose in the liver stimulates adipose tissue to break down lipids uulates the production of (ag) El- Diabetes mellitus E2- Unable to produce sufficient insulin E3- So, glucose cannot be converted into glycogen ro) El-Controlied by insulin inj E2-Insulin tables that lower the blood glucose level E3-Careful diets, TOTAL, 2 Sta) t Fr E: because both of alleles are recessive//homozygous recessive (oxi) Tt (by) Er: Because one ofthe children in generation il is homozygous recessive. 4552/2 ©2011 Hak Cipta JPNWPSULIT MARKING SCHEME BIOLOGY 2 TRIAL EXAM 2011 45512 E2: This child receive one recessive allele from paternal and one] T recessive allele from maternal. © © Parents'genolype tt = x tt 1 ue eae spring'sgenotype Tt t r tt 7 Ospring'sphenotype able unable-—=—«Able.-—Unable Phenotype ‘lable to rolltongue: 1 unable torolltongue {1 mark] | ! The chance for forth hilo be ebletorolliongue i SO% rao Il Ima) | (oii) J able to roll tongue : 1 unable to roll tongue 1 @i) ‘TT/ homozygote dominant 1 w El: because N already has one recessive aliele 7 E2: therefore another dominant allele is required in order for all the children 1 have the = 2 6a) P1- Formation of ovum occurs in the ovary 1 P2-Primordial germ cells undergo mitotic division 1 P2-to form a diploid oogonium 1 P3-Each oogonium develops into primary oocyte 1 4-Primary oocyte undergoes first meoitic division to form 1 secondary oocyte and polar body. 1 PS-Secondary oocyte surrounded by follicle cells is known as 1 6 max secondary follicle. 1 P6-The secondary follicle will mature and form Graafian follicle t P7-The polar body will generate P8-Eventually, the Graafian follicle which contains secondary ‘ocyte will burst and releases secondary oocyte. P9- The process is called ovulation (b) (i) P1- corpus luteum will not degenerate 1 ar P2zIt will continue o secrete oestrogen and progesteron 1 P3-which stimulates the endometrium to become thick/ folded and | | highly vascular I Any 2 4. for the implantation of embryo. 4552/2 ©2011 Hak Cipta JPNWP 3SULIT MARKING SCHEME BIOLOGY 2 TRIAL EXAM 2011 45512 (i P1- corpus luteum will degenerate disintegrate P2- approximately after 10 days P3cthe disintegration will cause the levels of oestrogen and progesterone to drop a-the endometrium breaks down and disintegrate Any2 OO Gi) P= One day before mension begins, he Gonadotophin seine cnn nt eared iy the Rypotiee P2- stimulates the (anterior lobe) of pituitary gland to release FSH Sand Li int the Blood stream, P4- The cells of these developing follicles secrete oestrogen 5- (The small amount of oestrogen secreted, exert negative feedback on the pituitary glands P6-this keep FSH and LH levels low during the development of the follicles. P7- the maturing follicle then enlarges, and produce greater amount of oestrogen P1- The level of oestrogen rise steeply and peak on the 12 day P2sthe high level of progesterone stimulates both hypothalamus and pituitary glands P3-which exert a negative feedback on the hypothalamus Pé-resulting in increased secretion of GnRH. 5. high level of GnRH in tum stimulate a rise in seeretion of FSH and LH 6-LH stimulates the ovulation on the 14 day of the menstrual eyele 5 max S max 20. Ta) Fi-Aerenchyma tissues in the stem and leaves El-make the plant light enough to float in the water F2-Fine and thin leaves reduce water resistance E2-and allow them to bend with the water current. F3-Very few vascular tissues in the stem provide flexibility to the stem E3. to bend with the water current. Max : 6 &) Fish P-Has myotomes on both sides of the body which exist as antagonistic pairs. P2eAltemate contraction and relaxation of the mytomes moves the tail ftom side to sic P3-The lashing of the tal from side to side produces forward thrust to propel the fish forward P4-The body is coated with slime to reduce water resistance PS-The position of the scales facing backwards reduces water resistance P6-Has streamlined shape to reduce water resistance Max : 6 4552/2 ©2011 Hak Cipta JPNWPSULIT MARKING SCHEME BIOLOGY 2 TRIAL EXAM 2011 455172 P7-Have fins to overcome problems of instability such as rolling/yawing/ and pitching Max:6 (©) Tendons Pl-Join muscles to bone P2-Strong and inelastic P3-Transmit contraction force to pull bones ments and joints Pl-Join two or more bones P2-Strong and elastic P3-Gives strength to joint during movement P4-Prevent dislocation of bones at joint PS-Allow bending movements at joint Muscles P6- the movement occurs by the contraction and relaxation of skeletal muscles P7- the action is antagonist 8- When biceps contract, triceps relax, as a result, arm is bent.// ‘When biceps relax, triceps contrac, as a result, arm is straightened. Any 2 Any 4 Any2 Max: TOTAL 20 se a Gi) Bacteria; © Are unicellular cells Has no nuclear membrane, has cytoplasm dan organelles Can exist inthe form of spores under favourable conditions Reproduce by binary fission Present in the shape of coccus, bacillus, spirilium and vibrio. Virus ‘The smallest microorganisms In the form of erystal Core region containing RNA or DNA They do not have cytoplasm, organelles or plasma membrane Bacteria © Cholera, Preventions: |. Wash hands before preparing food Cover the food to avoid houseflies Proper disposal of garbage Boil water before consume Do not eat contaminated food Virus Dengue fever, Any2 Any2 MusT Any2 MuST 4552/2 ©2011 Hak Cipta JPNWPSULIT MARKING SCHEME BIOLOGY 2 TRIAL EXAM 2011 455172 © Preventions: 1 Destroyed breeding places by burying the old tyres and empty bottles and can’ 2. Use abate/spray with insecticides/pour oil onto surface of water. (Any suitable answer) Contribution of microorganisms in Medicine ‘© Production of antibiotics/vaccines/hormones * Antibiotics can be produced by fungi and bacteria that can bbe extracted example : penicillin ‘Vaccines containing weakened pathogen example BCG Production of insulin using bacteria Contribution of microorganisms in Biotechnology * Genetically engineered bacteria sprayed onto oil spills * Bacteria breakdown the oils into harmless substances. Bioplastic ‘* Plastic that is derived from plant sources, ex fermentation of com starch, ‘+ Bioplastic is biodegradable and does not pollute the environment Food processing ‘+ Yeast can be used in bread, and alcoholics drinks, Bacteria can be used to make yoghurt and cheese Fungi can be used in producing soy sauce Bacteria can be used to make acetic acid(vinegar) Any2 AnyT0) 2 s stimulus P1 (is stimulated to) trigger nerve impulses in afferent neuron, P2 (nerve impulses) are carried to the central nervous system P3 In the central nervous system, brain integrates and interprets the informati 4 then send new impulses PS are carried by motor/efferent neuron to effectorsi/effectors, produces responds (b) ‘Sensory neurone! Afferent | Motor Neurone/ efferent neurone/ R Neurone /$) “The axon is shorter ‘Axon is longer Cell body is located in the | Cell body is located at he middle of the structure terminal OO F - Pis synaptic vesicle E1- when an electrical impulses reaches the presynaptic membrane max 4552/2 ©2011 Hak Cipta JPNWPSULIT MARKING SCHEME BIOLOGY 2 TRIAL EXAM 2011 4ssi2 ] E2 triggers the synaptic vesicies to release neurotransmitters E- the neurotransmitters diffuse across W / synaptic cleft /synapse EA- and bind to specific proteins/ receptors ES-Which are attached to the postsynaptic membrane. 6 ~ which transmit the nerve impulsesi/convert an electrical signal to chemical signal E7- neurotransmitter can be acetyleholine/noradrenaline/serotonin/dopamine ( Any one) EB — It requires / using energy provided by mitochondria E9- in a process of active transport F = due to lack of acetylcholine in the brain El- the person may suffer from Alzheimer’s disease 2 -causes loss of reasoning/ability to care for oneself/intellectual ability/memory/speak/writel/confusion 3 -can be inherited = TOTAL 20 4552/2 ©2011 Hak Cipta JPNWP