Handbook FibeAir IP-20G Basic Training Course 7.7 Ver2

COURSE HANDBOOK
Installation | Commissioning | System Configuration
IP-20G Basic Training Course

Updated for SW Version 7.7
Visit our Customer Training Portal at training.ceragon.com or contact us at training@ceragon.com

Trainee Name:
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Copyright 2012 Ceragon Networks Ltd.
www.ceragon.com
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FibeAirIP20GCeragonTrainingCourse
TableofContent
IntrotoRadioSystems
005
IntroductiontoEthernet
029
IP20GOverview..
041
InstallationGuide...
053
FirstLogin...
079
ACM&MSE....
085
RadioLinkParameters..
097
AutomaticTransmitPowerControlATPC..
103
ServiceModelinIP20G..
109
Licensing..
133
NativeTDM
143
ConfigurationManagement&SoftwareDownload
151
Troubleshooting..
163
CourseEvaluationForm.
177
CERAGONTRAININGPROGRAMIP20GBasicTrainingCourse
Sw7.7
Introduction to Radio Systems
May 2014
Version 1
Agenda
Radio Relay Principles
Parameters affecting propagations:
Dispersion
Humidity/gas absorption
Multipath/ducting
Atmospheric conditions (refraction)
Terrain (flatness, type, Fresnel zone clearance, diffraction)
Climatic conditions (rain zone, temperature)
Rain attenuation
Modulation
Proprietary and Confidential
Page 5
Digital Transmission Systems
Radio Relay Principles

f1
RF Signal
f1
Path Terrain
A Radio Link requires two end stations
A line of sight (LOS) or nLOS (near LOS) is required
Microwave Radio Link frequencies occupy 1-80GHz
Page 6
High and Low frequency station

Tx(f1)=11500 MHz
Rx(f1)=11500 MHz
Full duplex
Localsite
Highstation
Remotesite
Lowstation
Rx(f1)=11000 MHz
Tx(f1)=11000 MHz
High station means: Tx(f1) >Rx(f1)

Low station means: Tx(f1) < Rx(f1)
Standard frequency plan patterns

Only Low stations can interfere High stations
Frequency reuse:
Low 1,3V
1,3H
Tx
High
Low
1,3V
Tx
Tx
1,3H
High
Tx
1,3H
Tx
Reduced risk for overshoot
Frequency shift:
1,3H
Tx
1,3V
Tx
2,4V
Tx
2,4H
Tx
Reduced risk for overshoot
Tx
Tx
1,3H
Tx in upper part of band

Tx in lower part of band
Page 7
Tx
Preferred site location structure
Radio Principal Block Diagram
Input
signal
Z'
Digital
Line interface
E'
Modulator
A'
B'
Transmitter
RF Tx Filter
Branching
Network(*)
C'
D'
Feeder
TRANSMITTER PATH
Feeder
Branching
Network(*)
RF Rx Filter
E
Receiver
Demodulator
RECEIVER PATH
Page 8
Digital
Line interface
Output
signal
RF Principals
RF - System of communication employing electromagnetic waves
(EMW) propagated through space
EMW travel at the speed of light (300,000 km/s)
The wave length is determined by the frequency as follows -
Wave Length
c
f
where c is the propagation velocity of electromagnetic

waves in vacuum (3x108 m/s)
Microwave refers to very short waves (millimeters) and typically

relates to frequencies above 1GHz:
300 MHz ~ 1 meter
10 GHz ~ 3 cm
RF Principals
We can see the relationship between colour, wavelength and amplitude
using this animation
10
Page 9
Radio Spectrum
11
Parameters Affecting Propagation
12
Page 10

Dispersion
Humidity/gas absorption
Multipath/ducting
Atmospheric conditions (refraction)
Terrain (flatness, type, Fresnel zone clearance, diffraction)
Climatic conditions (rain zone, temperature)
Rain attenuation
13
Parameters Affecting Propagation Dispersion

Electromagnetic signal propagating in a physical medium is degraded
because the various wave components (i.e., frequencies, wavelengths)
have different propagation velocities within the physical medium:
Low frequencies have longer wavelength and refract less

High frequencies have shorter wavelength and refract more
14
Page 11

Atmospheric Refraction
Deflection of the beam towards the ground due to different electrical
characteristics of the atmospheres is called Dielectric Constant.
The dielectric constant depends on pressure, temperature &
humidity in the atmosphere, parameters that are normally decrease
with altitude
Since waves travel faster through thinner medium, the upper part of the
wave will travel faster than the lower part, causing the beam to bend
downwards, following the curve of earth
With Atmosphere
No Atmosphere
15
Wave in atmosphere
16
Page 12
Parameters Affecting Propagation Multipath

Multipath occurs when there is more then one beam reaching the receiver
with different amplitude or phase
Multipath transmission is the main cause of fading in low frequencies
Direct beam
Delayed beam
17
Parameters Affecting Propagation Duct
Atmospheric duct refers to a horizontal layer in the lower atmosphere with

vertical refractive index gradients causing radio signals:
Remain within the duct
Follow the curvature of the Earth
Experience less attenuation in the ducts than they would if the ducts were not
present
Duct Layer
Duct Layer
Terrain
18
Page 13
Parameters Affecting Propagation - Polarization and

Rain
Raindrops have sizes ranging from 0.1 millimeters to 9 millimeters
mean diameter (above that they tend to break up)
Smaller drops are called cloud droplets, and their shape is spherical.
As a raindrop increases in
size, its shape becomes more
oblate, with its largest
cross-section facing the
oncoming airflow.
Large rain drops become

Increasingly flattened on the
Bottom;
very large ones are shaped
like parachutes
19
Parameters Affecting Propagation Rain Fading

Refers to scenarios where signal is absorbed by rain, snow, ice
Absorption becomes significant factor above 11GHz
Signal quality degrades
Represented by dB/km parameter which is related the rain
density which represented mm/hr
Rain drops falls as flattened droplet
V better than H (more immune to rain fading)
20
Page 14
Parameters Affecting Propagation Rain Fading
Heavier rain >> Heavier Atten.

Higher FQ >> Higher Attenuation
21
Parameters Affecting Propagation Fresnel Zone

3rd
2nd
1st
TX
RX
1. EMW propagate in beams

2. Some beams widen therefore, their path is longer
3. A phase shift is introduced between the direct and indirect
beam
4. Thus, ring zones around the direct line are created
Duct Layer0
Terrain
22
Page 15
Parameters Affecting Propagation Fresnel Zone
Obstacles in the first Fresnel zone will create signals that will be 0 to 90 degrees out
of phasein the 2nd zone they will be 90 to 270 degrees out of phasein 3rd zone,
they will be 270 to 450 degrees out of phase and so on
Odd numbered zones are constructive and even numbered zones are destructive.
When building wireless links, we therefore need to be sure that these zones are kept
free of obstructions.
In wireless networking the area containing about 40-60 percent of the first Fresnel
zone should be kept free.
23
Example: First condition
24
Page 16
RF Link Basic Components Parabolic Reflector Radiation (antenna)
25
RSSI Curve for RFU-C
1,9V
1,6V
1,3V
-30dBm
-60dbm
26
Page 17
-90dBm
Main Parabolic Antenna Types
Standard performance antennas (SP,LP)

Used for remote access links with low capacity. Re-using frequencies on adjacent links is not
normally possible due to poor front to back ratio.
High performance antennas (HP)
Used for high and low capacity links where only one polarization is used. Re-using
frequencies is possible. Can not be used with co-channel systems.
High performance dual polarized antennas (HPX)
Used for high and low capacity links with the possibility to utilize both polarizations. Re-using
frequencies is possible. Can be used for co-channel systems.
Super high performance dual polarized antennas (HSX)
Normally used on high capacity links with the possibility to utilize both polarizations. Re-using
frequencies is possible with high interference protection. Ideal for co-channel systems.
Ultra high performance dual polarized antennas (UHX)
Normally used on high capacity links with high interference requirements. Re-using
frequencies in many directions is possible. Can be used with co-channel systems.
27
Passive Repeaters
Plane
reflector
Back-to-back
antennas
28
Page 18
Link Calculation Basic Example (in vacuum)

Lfs
TSL
Lfsl
Ga
Ga
RSL
RSL ReceivedSignalLevel
TSL TransmittedSignalLevel
Lfsl Freespaceloss=92.45+20logx(distanceinkmxfrequencyinGHz)
RSL
Ga Antennagain
RSL=TSL+GaLfsl+Ga
29
Atmospheric attenuation
Starts to contribute to the total attenuation above approximately 15GHz
Aa a d
[dB]
Parameters in a:
Frequency
Temperature
Air pressure
Water vapour
30
Page 19
Objective examples
Typical objectives used in real systems
99.999%
Month: 25.9 sec

Year: 5 min 12 sec
99.995 %
Month: 2 min 10 sec

Year: 26 min
99.99%
Month: 260 sec

Year: 51 min
Performance requirements generally higher than Availability.

ITU use worst month for Performance Average year for Availability
31
Modulation
32
Page 20
Modulation
Modulation
Analog
Modulation
Digital
Modulation
AM - Amplitude modulation
FM - Frequency modulation
PM Phase modulation
ASK Amplitude Shift Keying

FSK Frequency Shift Keying
PSK Phase Shift Keying
QAM Quadrature Amplitude modulation
33
Digital modulation
1
1
ASK
Modem
0 1
1
1
modulation changes the amplitude to the analog

signale.1 and 0 have different amplitude.
PSK modulation changes the phase to the transmitted

signal. The simplest method uses 0 and 1800 .
Modem
1800 phase shift

1
1
FSK modulation is a method of represent the two

binary states 1 and 0 with different
spcific frequencies.
Modem
F1
F2
F1
F1 F2
F1
F1
34
Page 21
QAM Modulation
Quadrature Amplitude Modulation employs both phase modulation
(PSK) and amplitude modulation (ASK)
The input stream is divided into groups of bits based on the number
of modulation states used.
In 8 QAM, each three bits of input, which provides eight values (0-7)
alters the phase and amplitude of the carrier to derive eight unique
modulation states
In 64 QAM, each six bits generates 64 modulation states; in 128
QAM, each seven bits generate 128 states, and so on
4QAM 2bits/symbol
8QAM 3bits/symbol
16QAM 4bits/symbol
32QAM 5bits/symbol
64QAM 6bits/symbol
128QAM 7bits/symbol
256QAM
512QAM
1024QAM
2048QAM
8bits/symbol
9bits/symbol
10bits/symbol
11bits/symbol
35
Why QAM and not ASK or PSK for higher modulation?

This is because QAM achieves a greater distance between adjacent points
in the I-Q plane by distributing the points more evenly
The points on the constellation are more distinct and data errors are
reduced
Higher modulation >> more bits per symbol

Constellation points are closer >>TX is more susceptible to noise
36
Page 22
Constellation diagram
In a more abstract sense, it represents the possible symbols that may be
selected by a given modulation scheme as points in the complex plane.
Measured constellation diagrams can be used to recognize the type of
interference and distortion in a signal.
37
8 QAM Modulation Example

We have stream: 001-010-100-011-101-000-011-110
DIGITAL QAM (8QAM)
Bitsequence
Amplitude
000
Phase(degrees)
None
001
None
010
pi/2(90)
011
pi/2(90)
100
pi(180)
101
pi(180)
110
3pi/2(270)
111
3pi/2(270)
How does constellation diagram look?
38
Page 23
4QAM VS. 16QAM
16QAM
4QAM
39
2048 QAM
40
Page 24
Bandwidth vs. Modulation
2-PSK
4-PSK
Modulation
Complixity
Increases
Bandwidth
Decreases
8-PSK
16-QAM
64-QAM
41
Signal / Noise
Example: S/N influence at QPSK Demodulator
Each dot detected in wrong quadrant result in bit errors
BER<10-13
BER0
BER=10-6
BER=10-3
Signal
Noise
Signal
S/N
Noise
42
Page 25
Power
S/N
Power
Power
Noise
Power
Signal
S/N
Signal
S/N
Noise
BER Impact on Transmission Quality

10 -3
10 -4
10 -5
BER change ratio vs. Noise is

dependent on Noise Power distribution
and coding
10 -6
10 -7
BER
10 -8
-75
-72
-69
Receiver inpu t level [dBm ]
-66
43
RSL Vs. Threshold

RSL (dBm)
BER>10-6
-20
-30
Nominal Input Level
Fading Margin
-73
Threshold level BER=10-6
BER>10-6
S/N=23dB for 128QAM (37 MHz)

Receiver amplifies thermal noise
-96
-99
Thermal Noise=10*log(k*T*B*1000)
K Boltzmann constant
T Temperature in Kelvin
B Bandwidth
Time (s)
44
Page 26
Thank you
45
Page 27
Page 28
Introduction to Ethernet
November 2013
Version 1
Agenda
Local Area Network (LAN)
Network Devices
OSI Layers
Ethernet Frame
VLAN concept
Page 29
The Local Area Network (LAN)
Network Devices
The various devices used to build a data communication network can be classified into type of
equipment depending on how Ethernet packets are forwarded.
ROUTER
BRIDGE / SWITCH
HUB
Page 30
Functions of OSI layers

OSI model layers
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Type of communication: e-mail, file transfer, web browsing

Encryption, data conversion: ASCII to EBCDIC, BCD to binary et.
Starts, stops sessions. Maintains order

Ensure delivery of entire file or message
Network
Routes data to different LANs and WANs based on network addresses
Data Link
Transmits packets from node to node based on station address
Physical
Electrical signals and cabling (physical medium)
Protocols in OSI layers

OSI model layers
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
HTTP, FTP, IRC, SSH, DNS, SNMP

SSL, SFTP, IMAP, SSH, Jpeg, GIF, TIFF, MPEG, MIDI, mp3
VARIOUS APIS, SOCKETS

TCP, UDP, ECN, SCTP, DCCP
Network
IP, IP Sec, ICMP, IGMP
Data Link
Ethernet, Token Ring, SLIP, PPP, FDDI
Physical
Coax, Fiber, Wireless
Page 31
Ethernet frame
OSI and TCP/IP model

TCP/IP model
OSI model
layers
OSI model
layers
Application Protocol
Application
Presentation
Application
Internet
Layer2,5
Network
Interface
P
SFD
MAC
EL
VLAN
MPLS
IP
Presentation
DATA
Session Protocol
Session
Transport
Application
Presentation Protocol
Session
TCP/UDP
DATA
Transport
IPv4/6
TCP/UDP
DATA
Network
IPv4/6
TCP/UDP
DATA
Layer2,5
E
L
IPv4/6
TCP/UDP
DATA
FCS
DataLink
E
L
IPv4/6
TCP/UDP
DATA
FCS
Physical
20/40
20/8
Transport
Network
MPLS
Layer2,5
DataLink
MAC
SVLAN
C-VLAN
MPLS
SVLAN
C-VLAN
MPLS
Physical
SFD
MAC
Size in bytes:
12
Preamble
Start frame Delimiter
= Destination + Source MAC Address
Ether Length/Type
Virtual local area network
Multiprotocol Label Switching
Internet protocol
TCP
UDP
FCS
Transmission control protocol

User datagram protocol
Frame check sequence
Page 32
46-1500
L2
L3
10
Page 33
L4
UDP Header
TCP Header
11
Inter-frame gap
Ethernet works in Layer 1, Layer 2 and Layer 2,5
12
Page 34
VLAN concept
Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) concept
Imagine that you have a network and three different customer

Customer 1
Customer 2
Customer 3
NETWORK
14
Page 35
Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) concept
VLANs are created to provide the segmentation services traditionally provided by routers
in LAN configurations
The most common protocol used today in configuring virtual LANs is IEEE 802.1Q
15
OSI and TCP/IP model

TCP/IP model
OSI model
layers
OSI model
layers
Application Protocol
Application
Presentation
Application
Internet
Layer2,5
Network
Interface
P
SFD
MAC
EL
VLAN
MPLS
IP
Presentation
DATA
Session Protocol
Session
Transport
Application
Presentation Protocol
Session
TCP/UDP
DATA
Transport
IPv4/6
TCP/UDP
DATA
Network
IPv4/6
TCP/UDP
DATA
Layer2,5
IPv4/6
TCP/UDP
DATA
FCS
DataLink
IPv4/6
TCP/UDP
DATA
FCS
Physical
20/40
20/8
Transport
Network
MPLS
Layer2,5
DataLink
MAC
SVLAN
C-VLAN
MPLS
E
L
C-VLAN
MPLS
E
L
Physical
SFD
MAC
SVLAN
Size in bytes:
12
Preamble
Start frame Delimiter
= Destination + Source MAC Address
Ether Length/Type
Virtual local area network
Multiprotocol Label Switching
Internet protocol
TCP
UDP
FCS
Transmission control protocol

User datagram protocol
Frame check sequence
16
Page 36
46-1500
Ethernet frame
17
Untagged Ethernet Frame
FCS is created by the sender and recalculated by the receiver
Preamble+SFD
8 Bytes
DA
6 Bytes
SA
Length/Type
6 Bytes
2 Bytes
DATA+PAD
FCS
46 - 1500 Bytes
4 Bytes
(32-bit
CRC)
Minimum 64 Bytes < FRAME SIZE < Maximum 1518 Bytes
Length / Type < 1500 - Parameter indicates number of Data Bytes

Length / Type > 1536 - Parameter indicates Protocol Type (PPPoE, PPPoA, ARP etc.)
18
Page 37
Tagged Ethernet Frame

Additional information is inserted
Frame size increases to 1522 Bytes
4 Bytes
Preamble+SFD
DA
SA
VLANTAG
TPID=0x8100
Length/Type
FCS
TCI
PTAG
TPID = Tag protocol ID
TCI = Tag Control Information
CFI = 1 bit canonical Format Indicator
DATA+PAD
3 Bit
CFI
1 Bit
VLANID
12 Bit
19
Tagging a Frame
VLAN ID uses 12 bits, therefore the number of maximum VLANs is 4096:

212 = 4096
VID 0 = reserved
VID 4090-4096 = reserved (dedicated for IP-10s internal purposes such as MNG etc.)
VID 1 = default
After tagging a frame, FCS is recalculated

CFI is set to 0 for ETH frames, 1 for Token Ring to allow TR frames over
ETH backbones (some vendors may use CFI for internal purposes)
20
Page 38
TPID / ETHER-Type / Protocol Type

TPID in tagged frames in always set to
0x8100
It is important that you understand the
meaning and usage of this parameter
Protocoltype
Value
TaggedFrame
0x8100
ARP
0x0806
QinQ(CISCO)
0x8100
QinQ(othervendors)
0x88A8
QinQ(othervendors)
0x9100
QinQ(othervendors)
0x9200
RARP
0x8035
IP
0x0800
IPv6
0x86DD
PPPoE
0x8863/0x8864
MPLS
0x8847/0x8848
ISIS
0x8000
LACP
0x8809
802.1x
0x888E
21
Q-in-Q
Additional VLAN (S-VLAN) is inserted
Frame size increases to 1526 Bytes
Preamble+SFD
DA
TPID=0x88A8
PTAG
3 Bit
SA
4 Bytes
4 Bytes
S VLAN
C VLAN
TCI
TPID=0x8100
CFI VLANID
1 Bit
Length/Type
DATA+PAD
TCI
PTAG
CFI
VLANID
3 Bit
1 Bit
12 Bit
12 Bit
22
Page 39
FCS
Thank you
23
Page 40
IP-20G Overview
July 2014
Version 2
Agenda
FibeAir IP-20 Product Family
Network topology with IP-20G
IP-20G Introduction and Highlights
IP-20G Front Panel Description
IP-20G Block Diagram
Page 41
FibeAir IP-20 Product Family

IP-20G
IP-20N 1RU & 2RU
IP-20S
IP-20C
IP20
Platform
IP-20A= IP20N + RFU-A
IP-20LH
FibeAir IP-10 Product Line - 2011

Ethernet + Optional TDM
Ethernet Only
IP-10E
IP-10G
Terminal /
Single-Carrier
Terminal /
Single-Carrier
IP-10C
Compact
All-Outdoor
IP-10Q
Nodal
Nodal
Aggregation
Optimized for Full GE

Multi-Carrier pipes
Ultra-high density
Optimized Solution for Any Network

Page 42
FibeAir IP-X0 Product Line - 2012 (Introducing IP-20G)

Ethernet + Optional TDM
Ethernet Only
IP-10E
IP-10G
Terminal /
Single-Carrier
IP-10C
Compact
All-Outdoor
Terminal /
Single-Carrier
IP-20G
IP-10Q
Aggregation
Optimized for Full GE

Multi-Carrier pipes
Ultra-high density
Optimized Solution for Any Network

Network Topology Example (Tree)
1+0
1+1
C
C
2+0
IP20N
C
1+1
IP20N
C
C
1+0
IP20N
C
1+0
2+0
IP10G
1+0
2+0
C
IP20N
IP20G
IP10G
Page 43
IP20G
IP-20G Introduction
IP-20G hardware characteristics:
6 x 1 GE interfaces total
2 x dual mode GE electrical or cascading interfaces (RJ-45)
2 x GE electrical interfaces (RJ-45)
2x GE optical interfaces (SFP)
Optional: 16 x E1 interfaces
Single or dual radio interfaces (TNC)
Single or dual power-feeds (-48v)
Sync in/out interface
Management interfaces
Terminal RS232 (RJ-45)
2x FE electrical interfaces (RJ-45)
External alarms interface
RFU-C support
IP-20G maintains high capacity, with up to 1024QAM modulation in its first SW release (T7.7),
and up to 2048QAM in future release
IP-20G Highlights
Optimized tail/edge solution supporting seamless integration of radio (L1)
and end-to-end Carrier Ethernet transport/services (L2) functionality
Rich packet processing feature set for support of engineered end-to-end

Carrier Ethernet services with strict SLA
Integrated support for multi-operator and converged backhaul business

models, such as wholesale services and RAN-sharing
Highest capacity, scalability and spectral efficiency

High precision, flexible packet synchronization solution combining SyncE
and 1588v2
Best-in-class integrated TDM migration solution

Specifically built to support resilient and adaptive multi-carrier radio links,
scaling to GE capacity
Future-proof with maximal investment protection

Supports RFU-Ce for modulations up to 1024QAM.
Page 44
IP-20G Front Panel Description
FibeAir IP-20G Front panel description

Passive cooling
(Fan-less design)
1RU
16 x E1/DS1s
(optional)
MDR69 connector
External
Alarms
(DB9)
Sync in/out
(RJ45)
2 x FE
Management
(RJ45)
2 x Dual-Mode:
GE Electrical or
Cascading
(RJ45)
Terminal
(RJ45)
2 x GE
Optical
(SFP)
1 or 2 RFU
interfaces
(TNC)
Power
-48V DC
(Single-feed &
Dual-feed options)
2 x GE
Electrical
(RJ45)
Purpose-built for tail/edge nodal sites

Same features/capabilities as IP-20A Aggregation Nodes
10
Page 45
SM- Card
The SM-Card holds the configuration and software for the IDU. The SMCard is embedded in the SM-Card Cover, so re-using the existing SM-Card
Cover is necessary to ensure that the units software and configuration is
maintained.
11
Ethernet Management Interface IP-20G
FibeAir IP-20G contains two FE management interfaces, which connect to a single RJ-45 physical
connector on the front panel (MGMT).
If the user only needs to use a single management interface, a standard Cat5 RJ-45 cable (straight or
cross) can be connected to the MGMT interface.
To access both management interfaces, a special 2 x FE splitter cable can be ordered from Ceragon.
Port Status LED The LED for management interface 1 is located on the upper left of the MGMT
interface. The LED for management interface 2 is located on the upper right of the MGMT interface.
12
Page 46
DS1 - Interface
Optionally, FibeAir IP-20G can be ordered with an MDR69 connector in which 16

DS1 interfaces are available (ports 1 through 16).
In SW 7.7. is E1 option only available
The DS1 interface has the following LEDs
ACT LED Indicates whether the TDM card is working properly (Green) or if there is
an error or a problem with the cards functionality (Red).
E1/DS1 LED Indicates whether the interfaces are enabled with no alarms (Green),
with alarms (Red), or no interfaces enabled (Off).
13
Radio Interfaces
In 7.7 is supported only single radio carrier.

In 7.7.5 will be supported 2x 1+0 East / West Terminal
In future software release will be available 2+0 ABC
In 7.7 is supported only RFU-C (up to 256QAM) and RFU-Ce (up to 1024
QAM)
RFU-HP, 1500HP, RFU-A support is planned for future software releases
The IDU and RFU are connected by a coaxial cable RG-223 (100 m/300 ft),
Belden 9914/RG-8 (300 m/1000 ft) or equivalent, with an N-type connector
(male) on the RFU and a TNC connector on the IDU.
RFU-C / RFU-Ce
1500HP
RFU-A
14
Page 47
Radio Interfaces - LEDs
ACT Indicates whether the interface is working properly (Green) or if there is an error or
a problem with the interfaces functionality (Red), as follows:
Off The radio is disabled.
Green The radio is active and operating normally.
Blinking Green The radio is operating normally and is in standby mode.
Red There is a hardware failure.
Blinking Red Troubleshooting mode.
LINK Indicates the status of the radio link, as follows:
Green The radio link is operational.
Red There is an LOF or Excessive BER alarm on the radio.
Blinking Green An IF loopback is activated, and the result is OK.
Blinking Red An IF loopback is activated, and the result is Failed.
RFU Indicates the status of the RFU, as follows:
Green The RFU is functioning normally.
Yellow A minor RFU alarm or a warning is present, or the RFU is in TX mute mode,
or, in a protected configuration, the RFU is in standby mode.
Red A cable is disconnected, or a major or critical RFU alarm is present.
Blinking Green An RF loopback has been activated, and the result is OK.
Blinking Red An RF loopback has been activated, and the result is Failed.
15
Power Interfaces
FibeAir IP-20G receives an external supply of -48V current via one or two power
interfaces (the second power interface is optional for power redundancy).
The IP-20G monitors the power supply for under-voltage and includes reverse
polarity protection, so that if the positive (+) and negative (-) inputs are mixed up, the
system remains shut down.
The allowed power input range for the IP-20G is -40V to -60V. An under voltage
alarm is triggered if the power goes below the allowed range, and an over voltage
alarm is triggered if the power goes above the allowed range.
There is an ACT LED for each power interface.

The LED is Green when the voltage being fed to the power interface is within range,
and Red if the voltage is not within range or if a power cable is not connected.
16
Page 48
Synchronization Interface
FibeAir IP-20G includes an RJ-45 synchronization interface for T3 clock input and T4 clock output.
The interface is labeled SYNC.
The synchronization interface contains two LEDs, one on the upper left of the interface and one
on the upper right of the interface, as follows:
T3 Status LED Located on the upper left of the interface. Indicates the status of T3 input clock,
as follows:
Off There is no T3 input clock, or the input is illegal.
Green There is legal T3 input clock.
T4 Status LED Located on the upper right of the interface. Indicates the status of T4 output
clock, as follows:
Off T4 output clock is not available.
Green T4 output clock is available.
Blinking Green The clock unit is in a holdover state.
17
External Alarms
IP-20G includes a DB9 dry contact external alarms interface. The external alarms
interface supports five input alarms and a single output alarm.
The input alarms are configurable according to:

1 Intermediate
2 Critical
3 Major
4 Minor
5 Warning
The output alarm is configured according to predefined categories.
18
Page 49
Terminal Interface
FibeAir IP-20G includes an RJ-45 terminal interface (RS-232). A local craft
terminal can be connected to the terminal interface for local CLI
management of the unit.
Bits per Second 115,200

Data Bits 8
Parity None
Stop Bits 1
Flow Control - None
19
IP-20G Block Diagram
20
Page 50
Thank You
21
Page 51
Page 52
IP-20G Installation Guide
May 2014
Version 1
Agenda
Electromagnetic Fields, ESD and Laser Protection
General Requirements for Packing and Transportation and
Environment
IP-20G Rack Installation
Rack Installation
Grounding the IP-20G
Replacing SM-Card
Power Cable
Mechanical Specifications
Earth Bonding of Equipment
IP-20G to RFU-C connection
Antenna Installation
RFU-C Installation
Page 53
High Frequency Electromagnetic Fields!

Exposure to strong high frequency electromagnetic fields may cause
thermal damage to personnel. The eye (cornea and lens) is easily exposed.
Any unnecessary exposure is undesirable and should be avoided.

In radio-relay communication installations, ordinary setup for normal
operation, the general RF radiation level will be well below the safety limit.
In the antennas and directly in front of them the RF intensity normally will
exceed the danger level, within limited portions of space.
Dangerous radiation may be found in the neighborhood of open waveguide

flanges or horns where the power is radiated into space.
To avoid dangerous radiation the following precautions must be taken:

During work within and close to the front of the antenna; make sure that
transmitters will remain turned off.
Before opening coaxial - or waveguide connectors carrying RF power,
turn off transmitters.
Consider any incidentally open RF connector as carrying power, until
otherwise proved. Do not look into coaxial connectors at closer than
reading distance (1 foot). Do not look into an open waveguide unless
you are absolutely sure that the power is turned off.
ESD & LASER

ESD
This equipment contains components which are sensitive to "ESD" (Electro
Static Discharge). Therefore, ESD protection measures must be observed

when touching the IDU.
Anyone responsible for the installation or maintenance of the FibeAir IDU
must use an ESD Wrist Strap.
Additional precautions include personnel grounding, grounding of work
bench, grounding of tools and instruments as well as transport and storage
in special antistatic bags and boxes.
LASER
Use of controls or adjustments or performance of procedures other than
those specified herein may result in hazardous radiation exposure.
The optical interface must only be serviced by qualified personnel, who are
aware of the hazards involved to repair laser products.
Page 54
General Requirements
Transportation & Inspection
The equipment cases are prepared for

shipment by air, truck, railway and sea,
suitable for handling by forklift trucks and
slings. The cargo must be kept dry during
transport and storage.
It is recommended that the equipment be

transported to the installation site in its
original packing case.
If intermediate storage is required, the

packed equipment must be stored in a dry
and cool environment, and out of direct
sunlight, in accordance with ETS 300 0191-1, Class 1.2.
Check the packing lists and verify that the

correct equipment part numbers and
quantities are in the delivered packages.
Page 55
Packing & Transportation

The equipment is packed at the factory, and sealed moisture-absorbing bags
are inserted.
The equipment is prepared for public transportation. The cargo must be kept dry
during transportation.
Keep items in their original boxes till they reach their final destination.
If intermediate storage is required, the packed equipment must be stored in dry
and cool conditions and out of direct sunlight
When unpacking
Check the packing lists, and ensure that the
correct part numbers and quantities of
components arrived.
General Requirements
1. Environmental specification for IDU: -5C (23F) to +55C (131F)
2. Environmental specification for RFU: -33C (-27F) to +55C (131F) high reliability
3. -45C (-49F) to +60C (140F) with limited margins
4. Cold startup requires at least -5C (23F)
5. Humidity: 5%RH to 95%RH for IP-20G
6. Humidity: 5%RH to 100%RH for RFU-C
7. IDU standard Input is -48VDC (-40 to -60VDC)
8. This equipment is designed to permit connection between the earthed conductor of
the DC supply circuit and the Earthing conductor at the equipment.
9. The equipment shall be connected to a properly grounded supply system
10. The DC supply system is to be local, i.e. within the same premises as the equipment
11. A disconnect device is not allowed in the grounded circuit between the DC supply
source and the frame/grounded circuit connection.
8
Page 56
IP-20G Rack Installation
Installing the IP-20G IDU
Kits required to perform the installation:

IP-20G chassis
19 rack/ sub rack
SM-Card Cover
1x
1x
1x
Tools:
Philips screwdriver
Flat screwdriver
10
Page 57
Rack Installation
Insert and hold the IP-20G IDU in the rack, as shown in the following
figures. Use four screws (not supplied with the installation kit) to fasten the
IDU to the rack.
11
Grounding the IP-20G

Connect a grounding wire first to the single-point stud shown in the figure
below, and then to the rack, using a single screw and two washers.
The grounding wire must be 16 AWG or thicker
12
Page 58
Replacing an IP-20G IDU or SM-Card
If you should need to replace the IP-20G IDU, you must first remove the SM-Card Cover so that
you can insert it into the new IDU.
The SM-Card holds the configuration and software for the IDU. The SM-Card is embedded in the
SM-Card Cover, so re-using the existing SM-Card Cover is necessary to ensure that the units
software and configuration is maintained.
In some cases, you may need to replace the SM-Card itself in order to upgrade the units
configuration.
To remove the SM-Card Cover:
1. Loosen the screws of the SM-Card Cover and remove it from the IDU.
13
Replacing an IP-20G IDU or SM-Card

2. In the new IDU or, if you are upgrading the SM-Card, the old IDU, make sure that there is no
foreign matter blocking the sockets in the opening where the SM-Card is installed.
3. Gently place the SM-Card Cover in its place and tighten the screws, using a Phillips screwdriver.
14
Page 59
Power Requirements
When selecting a power source, the following must be considered:
15
DC power can be from -40 VDC to -60 VDC.
Installation Codes: The equipment must be installed according to country national

electrical codes. For North America, equipment must be installed in accordance to the
US National Electrical Code, Articles 110-16, 110-17 and 110-18, and the Canadian
Electrical Code, Section 12.
Overcurrent Protection: A readily accessible listed branch circuit overcurrent

protective device, rated 15 A, must be incorporated in the building wiring.
Grounded Supply System: The equipment shall be connected to a properly grounded

supply system. All equipment in the immediate vicinity shall be grounded the same
way, and shall not be grounded elsewhere.
Local Supply System: The DC supply system is to be local, i.e. within the same
premises as the equipment.
Disconnect Device: A disconnect device is not allowed in the grounded circuit

between the DC supply source and the frame/grounded circuit connection.
15
Power Interface
FibeAir IP-20G receives an external supply of -48V current via one or two power interfaces (the
second power interface is optional for power redundancy). The IP-20G monitors the power supply for
under-voltage and includes reverse polarity protection, so that if the positive (+) and negative (-)
inputs are mixed up, the system remains shutdown.
The allowed power input range for the IP-20G is -40V to -60V. An under voltage alarm is triggered if
the power goes below the allowed range, and an over voltage alarm is triggered if the power goes
above the allowed range.
Make sure to use a circuit breaker to protect the circuit from damage by short or overload. In a
building installation, the circuit breaker shall be readily accessible and incorporated external to the
equipment. The maximum rating of the overcurrent protection shall be 10 Amp, while the
maximum current rating is 5 Amp.
16
Page 60
Power Cable
17
Power cables
18
Page 61
Mechanical Specifications
19
Earth Bonding of Equipment
Copyright 2009 2013 Nera Networks AS All rights reserved.
I-79113-EN rev. A
Page 62
Typical Earthing Network

Note 1: Structure or cable riser directly connected to Station
Earth Network.
Note 2: Main Earth Bar in equipment room, connected to
Station Earth Network.
Note 3: Earth Bus Bar/Cable connected to main earth bar.
Note 4: Coax Signal Cable.
Note 5: Over voltage protection integrated in units.
Note 1
21
Feeder - Earthing Kit (pos.1)

Ceragon Networks provides one
Earthing kit per feeder as standard
Earthing Kit staggered to ensure smooth,
uniform jumper transition to point of bonding.
There are three logical positions where

a Waveguide/Feeder Earthing Kit should be installed:
1.
Highest priority is at the bottom of the vertical

feeder run, on the straight section just above the
bend where it transitions from vertical to
horizontal.
Custom Earthing Kit supplied from the

Feeder Manufacturer use only kit that are
compatible.
2.
Jumper Leads from the kit should be bonded to

the Tower Structure:
- directly (bolted connection)
- via a earth termination plate (if provided)
- stainless steel angle adaptor (ANDREW)
Earth Kit on the feeder should be positioned
so that each jumper lead has a uniform smooth
transition down to the point of bonding this may
mean staggering their position as shown here.
Never intermix components from different

Manufacturers.
3.
4.
It is preferred that each jumper is bonded

separately.
Jumper lead between Earthing Kit

and buried earth radial bonded to base
of the Tower Leg.
Recommended 70mm PVC Coated Conductor
SEE NEXT TWO SLIDES
22
Page 63

Second line of defence
The second position in order of priority is just before the
waveguide/feeder enters the shelter through the wall plate.
1.
Earth Termination Plate
Again it is important that the jumper lead forms a smooth

transition downwards to earth. In this case the bonding
point is on the earth termination plate mounted below the
cable bridge.
2.
It is preferred that each jumper is bonded separately. Earth

Termination Plate usually have multiple bonding holes predrilled.
3.
To shape each conductor correctly begin at the earth

termination plate and form the cable to the best transition
back to the feeder. From there you will establish the
location to fit the earth kit. Treat each earthing kit
separately.
Common Errors
Fitting or, finding the Earth Termination Plate too high on the
shelter wall often prevent achieving the required earth
jumper transition.
Earth Kit
Jumper lead between Earthing Kit

and Earth Termination Plate outside
shelter.
Recommended 70mm PVC Coated
Conductor or 3mm x 25mm Copper
Tape.
Conductor / Tape should be run out
to the
Buried earth loop at a depth of
600mm.
23

The third position in order of priority is at the antenna position.
Here, the Earthing Kit is fitted on the vertical straight
section of feeder just after the transition from horizontal to
vertical.
1.
Once again it is important that the jumper lead forms a

smooth transition downwards to earth. It is usual to use the
tower structure itself as the main down conductor.
2.
To shape each conductor correctly begin at the bonding

point and form the cable to the best transition back to the
feeder. From there you will establish the best position to fit
the earth kit to the feeder. Treat each earthing kit
separately.
3.
If using a Stainless Steel Angle Adaptor this will provide

flexibility to establishing a bonding point on the tower the
Angle Adaptor does not require you to find or drill a hole in
any structural members.
The tower structure or

climbing ladder are
both commonly used
for bonding the earth
jumper.
Angle Adaptors are the
most convenient
bonding method as this
avoids finding or
drilling holes at height
in the tower.
Additional Earthing Kit:

If a customer specifies additional earthing kit to be fitted, these
would normally be positioned between the two kit installed at the
top and bottom of the feeder.
24
Page 64
ODU Earthing
EACH ODU IS SEPARATELY
EARTHED DO NOT JUMPER
BETWEEN ODU
1. SMOOTH JUMPER TRANSITION

2. SHORTEN THE JUMPER IF TOO LONG
3. SUPPORT EARTH JUMPER
WHERE NEEDED
4. BOND TO TOWER STRUCTURE.

CLAMP TYPE DEPENDENT ON
TOWER MEMBER PROFILE
RSSI
N-Type to IDU connection
EARTH TERMINAL
25
Applying the same principles to all cables
With All Cable Installations

Avoid leaving coils along
feeder cables
Avoid kinking the cable
Avoid cable loopbacks
26
Page 65
Weatherproofing
Each Earthing Kit should be protected with a waterproof weather seal
If the weather seals are not provided as part of the main Earthing Kit, they must be
ordered
Each kit is provided with an installation instruction (or, Bulletin)

Always follow the advice given in the instruction to achieve the best possible
installation
27
ODU to IDU connection
Page 66
IP-20G to RFU-C connection

The cable should have a maximum attenuation of 30 dB at 350 MHz.
TNC
N-type female
N-type male
TNC male
TNC females
29
N-type connector installation

http://www.youtube.com/watch
?v=cAV_xhP3FNA
http://www.youtube.com/watch
?v=Mo9LwdHe39M
30
Page 67
TNC connector
installation
instructions
http://www.youtube.co
m/watch?v=XfA0JVR
JSxU
31
Protecting the IF Connector for Split Mount

Make sure the vulcanized tape and PVC tape
overwrap extends right up to the ODU casing
and is hand moulded around the connector to
form a water tight joint
Fit a small cable tie at the top and

bottom of the weather kit to
prevent the PVC tape over wrap
from loosening
Also is possible to use cold

shrink medium instead of
tapes
Self sealing vulcanized tape

weather kit should be
applied to the connector at
the ODU to make it fully
water tight.
The vulcanized tape must

be overwrapped with PVC
tape tied off at the top and
bottom with cable ties.
Failure to follow every detail of

the installation instructions will
result with water damage to the
connector and cable
32
Page 68
Cable Clamping
IF Cable
Tower Cross Member
Avoid this method which is

less secure and will cause
unsightly bending of the
cable
When securing cables with cable

ties the method shown here can
normally be achieved using a single
tie.
This method will keep the cable
straight and provide the best
support
33
Cable Installation and Grounding

For optical cables no grounding is required
For Ethernet cables, the cable should be grounded to the antenna tower
every 50m using the kit CAT5E_gnd_kit.
Procedure see installation Guide
34
Page 69
Antenna Installation
RSSI Curve
1,9V
1,6V
1,3V
-30dBm
36
Page 70
-60dbm
-90dBm
Antenna Panning - Azimuth

Important to establish which are the side lobes
and what is the main beam
Position can be marked onto the column or
interface using a felt tipped pen
ReceivingAntenna
SIDE LOBE
AZIMUTH
Always Pan antenna

beyond each side lobe
MAIN BEAM
SIDE LOBE
For Azimuth panning it is important to establish the

strongest possible signal but remember, further improvement
should be expected once elevation adjustment is carried out
37
Antenna Panning - Elevation

Determine from available data if the antenna direction
of shoot is above or below horizontal to ensure the
elevation is adjusted in the correct direction
With the main beam having already been established
it is not necessary to find the side lobes again
ReceivingAntenna
Once the best signal strength has been found using

elevation minor azimuth panning can often
improve the signal strength further
SIDE LOBE
ELEVATION
HORIZONTAL
MAIN BEAM
Note:
SIDE LOBE
It should not always be expected to establish the strongest receive signal at

first attempt to align an antenna
Antenna may need to be panned several times before the optimum signal
strength is established
38
Page 71
Dual Polarized Antenna connection

To fit the Duel Polarized Waveguide
Interface
Note: There may be some variation in of the
Duel Polarized Waveguide Interface always refer to the installation Bulletin before
attempting to install this unit
Remove the two Waveguide Interface

securing screws.
Replace the Waveguide Interface with the
Dual Polarized Waveguide Interface.
Secure the Dual Polarized Waveguide
Interface to the antenna by means of two
screws M8.
Remount the two Waveguide Interface
securing screws.
39
Dual Polarized Antenna connection

DUEL POLARIZED FEEDHORN
WAVEGUIDE
Waveguide ports on feedhorn

clearly marked to show polarization
40
Page 72
RFU-C Installation
RFU-C waveguide flanges
42
Page 73
RFU-C direct mount configurations
1+0 direct
43
RFU-C and Antenna Interface Direct Mount Polarization
44
Page 74
RFU-C remote mount configurations
1+0 remote
45
RFU-C direct 1+1 mount configurations

1+1 direct
46
Page 75
RFU-C 1+1 Coupler Direct Mount Polarization

Vertical Polarization
Horizontal Polarization
47
RFU-C remote mount configurations

1+1 remote
48
Page 76
Orthogonal Mode Transducer (OMT) Installation
Switch to the circular adaptor

(removing the
existing rectangular transition,
swapping the O-ring, and
replacing on the circular
transition).
49
OMT Installation Example
50
Page 77
RFU-C Mediation devices losses
51
Thank you
52
Page 78
First login
Ceragon Training Services

July, 2014 v2
Agenda
CLI and Web login

General commands
Get IP address
Set IP address
Set to default
Page 79
Connecting to the Unit

CLI
Web/Telnet
Baudrate=
115200
Bits per Second 115,200
Data Bits 8
Parity None
Stop Bits 1
Flow Control - None
IPaddress=192.168.1.1
DefaultUsername/passwordisadmin/admin
General commands
Press twice the TAB key for optional commands in actual directory
Use the TAB key to auto-complete a syntax
Use the arrow keys to navigate through recent commands
Question mark to list helpful commands
Page 80
Get IP address
CLI Command:
platform management ip show ip-address
Changing Management IP Address

CLI Command:
platform management ip set ipv4-address <IP Address> subnet <Mask>
gateway <default gateway>
Example
Web
expand Platform branch, then Management branch and click on IP, set
accordingly and click Apply button
Page 81
Set to default
CLI Command:
platform management set-to-default
Please note that IP address after Set to Factory Default will be not changed!!!
Other CLI commands

For any CLI commands please follow our Web Manual
Open Index html file
Find out in Topics submenu required configuration
Page 82
Web Management
First Web login

Default IP address is 192.168.1.1 /24
DefaultUsername/passwordisadmin/admin
10
Page 83
IP address settings
11
Thank You
Page 84
ACM Adaptive Coding and Modulation

MSE Mean Square Error

May 2014 version 1
Agenda
Adaptive Coding and Modulation

Using MSE with ACM
What is MSE?
Link Commissioning with MSE
Triggering ACM with MSE
Page 85
Adaptive Coding and Modulation (ACM)
In ACM mode, the radio will select the highest possible link capacity based on received signal quality.
When the signal quality is degraded due to link fading or interference, the radio will change to a more robust
When signal quality improves, the modulation is automatically increased and link capacity is restored to the original
modulation and link capacity is consequently reduced.
setting. The capacity changes are hitless (no bit errors introduced).
During the period of reduced capacity, the traffic is prioritized based on Ethernet QoS - and TDM priority - settings.
In case of congestion the Ethernet or TDM traffic with lowest priority is dropped. TDM capacity per modulation
4QAM
8QAM
16QAM
32QAM
64QAM
128QAM
256QAM
512QAM
1024QAM
SFEC
1024QAM
LFEC
Low Priority
Traffic
2048QACM
High Priority
Traffic
state is configurable as part of the TDM priority setting.
Hitless and Errorless switching
Page 86
Using MSE with ACM
MSE - Definition
MSE is used to quantify the difference between an estimated
(expected) value and the true value of the quantity being
estimated
MSE measures the average of the squared errors:
MSE is an aggregated error by which the expected value differs
from the quantity to be estimated.
The difference occurs because of randomness or because the
receiver does not account for information that could produce a
more accurate estimated RSL
Page 87
To simplify.
Imagine a production line where a machine needs to insert

one part into the other
Both devices must perfectly match
Let us assume the width has to be 10mm wide
We took a few of parts and measured them to see how
many can fit in.
The Errors Histogram

(Gaussian probability distribution function)
Quantity
Expected value
width
6mm
7mm
10mm
12mm
16mm
To evaluate how accurate our machine is, we need to know how many
parts differ from the expected value
9 parts were perfectly OK
Page 88
The difference from Expected value

Quantity
Error = 0 mm
Error = + 2 mm
Error = - 3 mm
Error = + 6 mm
Error = - 4 mm
width
6mm
7mm
10mm 12mm
16mm
To evaluate the inaccuracy (how sever the situation is) we

measure how much the errors differ from expected value
Giving bigger differences more weight than smaller

differences
Quantity
Error = 0 mm
+ 2 mm = 4
-3 mm = 9
+ 6 mm = 36
- 4 mm = 16
width
6mm 7mm 10mm 12mm
16mm
We convert all errors to absolute values and then we square them

The squared values give bigger differences more weight than smaller differences,
resulting in a more powerful statistics tool:
16cm parts are 36 units away than 2cm parts which are only 4 units away
10
Page 89
Calculating MSE
Error = 0 mm
Quantity
+ 2 mm = 4
-3 mm = 9
- 4 mm = 16
+ 6 mm = 36
width
To evaluate the total errors, we sum all the squared errors and take the average:
16 + 9 + 0 + 4 + 36 = 65, Average (MSE) = 13
The bigger the errors (differences) >> the bigger MSE becomes
11
Calculating MSE
MSE determines how narrow / wide the Bell is
Quantity
width
10mm
When MSE is very small the Bell shaped histogram is closer to perfect
condition (straight line): errors = ~ 0
12
Page 90
MSE in digital modulation (Radios)

Let us use QPSK (4QAM)
as an example:
Q
01
00
QPSK = 2 bits per symbol

2 possible states for I signal
2 possible states for Q signal
11
= 4 possible states for the

combined signal
The graph shows the expected
values (constellation) of the
received signal (RSL)
10
13

The black dots represent the
expected values (constellation)
of the received signal (RSL)
Q
01
00
The blue dots represent the
actual RSL
11
10
As indicated in the previous

example, we can say that the
bigger the errors are the
harder it becomes for the
receiver to detect & recover the
transmitted signal
14
Page 91
Q
01
00
MSE would be the average

errors of e1 + e2 + e3 + e4.
e1
e2
I
e4
When MSE is very small the

actual signal is very close to
the expected signal
e3
11
10
15
Q
01
00
When MSE is too big, the

actual signal (amplitude &
phase) is too far from the
expected signal
e1
e2
I
e4
11
e3
10
16
Page 92
Commissioning with MSE in EMS
When you commission your

radio link, make sure your MSE
is small
Actual values may be read
-34dB to -35dB
Bigger values will result in loss
of signal
17
MSE and ACM

When the errors is too big, we need
a stronger error correction
mechanism (FEC)
Therefore, we reduce the number
of bits per symbol allocated for data
and re-assign the extra bits for
correction instead
For example
256QAM has great capacity but
poor immune to noise
64QAM has less capacity but much
better immune for noise
ACM Adaptive Code Modulation
18
Page 93
Triggering ACM with MSE

When ACM is enabled, MSE values are analyzed on each side of the link
When MSE degrades or improves, the system applies the required
modulation per radio to maintain service
MSE Down-Threshold
MSE Up-Threshold
8PSK
-16
-19
16QAM
-17
-23
32QAM
-21
-26
64QAM
-24
-29
128QAM
-27
-32
256QAM
-30
-34
512QAM
-32
-37
1024 QAM SFEC
-35
-38
1024 QAM WFEC
-36
-41
10
2048QAM
-39
Profile
Mod
QPSK
-18
Applicable for both 28/56MHz , 2048 QAM will be supported in 7.9
The values are typical and subject to change in relation to the frequency and RFU
type. For more details please contact your Ceragon representative
19
ACM & MSE: An example

It is easier to observe the hysteresis of changing the ACM profile with
respect to measured MSE.
As you can see, the radio remains @ profile 8 till MSE improves to -38dB:
ACM
Profile
Downgrade
Downgrade
-41
-38
-37
-34
Profile 10
Profile 9
2048 QAM
-39
1024 QAM
Profile 8
1024 QAM
-36
Profile 7
512 QAM
-35
Profile 6
256 QAM
-32
Profile 5
128 QAM
-30
Profile 4
64 QAM
-27
20
Page 94
-24
Profile 3
32 QAM
MSE
-21
ACM & MSE: An Example

When RF signal degrades and MSE passes the upgrade point (MSE @ red point), ACM will
switch back FASTER to a higher profile (closer to an upgrade point) when MSE improves.
When RF signal degrades and MSE does not pass the upgrade point (green point) ACM
waits till MSE improves to the point of next available upgrade point (takes longer time to
switch back to the higher profile).
ACM
Profile
41
Profile10
38
Profile9
Profile8
393635
21
Thank You
Page 95
MSE
Page 96
Radio Link Parameters

July 2014 version 2
Agenda
MRMC
TX & RX Frequencies
Link ID
RSL
MSE
Current ACM Profile
Page 97
High and Low frequency station

Tx(f1)=11500 MHz
Rx(f1)=11500 MHz
Full duplex
Local site
High station
Remote site
Low station
Tx(f1)=11000 MHz
Rx(f1)=11000 MHz
High station means: Tx(f1) >Rx(f1)

Low station means: Tx(f1) < Rx(f1)
Radio Link Parameters

TSL
IDU
ODU
))
RSL
ODU
IDU
To Establish a radio link, we need configure following parameters:

1. MRMC Modem scripts (ACM or fixed capacity, channel & modulation)
2. TX / RX frequencies set on every radio
3. Link ID must be the same on both ends
4. Max. TSL Max. allowed Transmission Signal [dBm]
5. Unmute Transceiver Transceiver is by default muted (is not transmitting)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------To verify a radio link, we need control following parameters:
1. RSL Received Signal Level [dBm] nominal input level is required
2. MSE- Mean Square Error [dB]
3. Current ACM profile
Page 98
MRMC Multi Rate Multi Coding Profiles

Modulation
RFUCwithRMCA
RFUCPremiumwith
RMCB
QPSK
Profile 0
Profile 0
8QAM
Profile 1
Profile 1
16QAM
Profile 2
Profile 2
32QAM
Profile 3
Profile 3
64QAM
Profile 4
Profile 4
128QAM
Profile 5
Profile 5
256QAM(strongFEC)
Profile 6
N/A
256QAM(weakFEC)
Profile 7
Profile 6
512QAM
N/A
Profile 7
1024QAM (StrongFEC)
N/A
Profile 8
1024QAM (LightFEC)
N/A
Profile9
MRMC Scripts 1st steep
ChangingscriptautomaticallyresetsmodeminsideIP20G
Page 99
Radio Parameters settings
2nd step
4th step
5th step
3th step
LINK ID Antenna Alignment Process

To avoid pointing the antenna to a wrong direction (when both links share the same
frequency), LINK ID can be used to alert when such action is take.
# 101
# 101
# 102
# 101
Link ID Mismatch
Page 100
Link ID
Mismatch
LINK ID Antenna Alignment Process

Both IDUs of the same link must use the same Link ID
Otherwise, Link ID Mismatch alarm will appear in Current Alarms Window
# 101
# 101
# 102
# 101
Link ID Mismatch
Questions?
10
Page 101
Link ID
Mismatch
Radio Link Setup Exercise
11
Thank You
Page 102
Automatic Transmit Power Control - ATPC
July 2014, ver 2
Agenda
Why ATPC?
How does ATPC works?
ATPC Vs. MTPC
ATPC Configuration
Page 103
ATPC Automatic Transmit Power Control

The quality of radio communication between low Power devices varies
significantly with time and environment.
This phenomenon indicates that static transmission power, transmission range,
and link quality, might not be effective in the physical world.
Static transmission set to max. may reduce lifetime of Transmitter
Side-lobes may affect nearby Receivers (image)
Main Lobe
Side Lobe
ATPC Automatic Transmit Power Control

1. Enable ATPC on both sites
2. Set Input reference level (min. possible RSL to maintain the radio link)
3. ATPC on both ends establish a Feedback Channel through the radio link (1byte)
4. Transmitters will reduce Output power to the min. possible level
5. Power reduction stops when RSL in remote receiver reaches Ref. input level
6. ATPC is strongly recommended with XPIC configuration
TSL Adjustments
ATPC
module
Monitored RSL
Radio
Transceiver
Radio
Radio
Receiver
Radio
Receiver
Feedback
Signal
Quality
Check
Site A
Page 104
Ref. RSL
RSL
required
change
Site B
ATPC Example when ATPC is OFF
Site A
FSL= -60 dB
Site B
MTPC
MTPC
TSL A = 30dBm
RSL A = ?
TSL B = 30dBm
RSL B = ?
RSL A = -30dBm (TSL B + FSL)
RSL B = -30dBm (TSL A + FSL)
ATPC Example when ATPC is ON (One site ATPC, second site MTPC)
Site A
FSL= -60 dB
Site B
ATPC
IRLB (Input Ref. level on Site B) = -50dBm
MTPC
TSL A = ?
RSL A = ?
TSL B = 30dBm
RSL B =?
TSL A = 10dBm (IRLB-FSL)

You want -50dBm on Site B, so what is TXA in Site A?
Page 105
ATPC Example when ATPC is ON (ATPC on both sites)
Site A
FSL= -60 dB
Site B
ATPC
ATPC
IRLA (Input Ref. level on Site A) = -50dBm
TSL A = ?
RSL A = ?
TSL B = ?
RSL B = ?
TSL A = 10dBm (IRLB - FSL)
TSL B = 10dBm (IRLA-FSL)
RSL A = -50dBm (TSLB + FSL)
ATPC Example when ATPC is ON (ATPC on both sites), ATPC range

Max TSL is 30dBm
ATPC range is 20dB
Site A
Max TSL is 30dBm

ATPC range is 20dB
FSL= -60 dB
Site B
ATPC
ATPC
IRLA (Input Ref. level on Site A) = -50dBm
TSL A = ?
RSL A = ?
TSL B = ?
RSL B = ?
TSL A = 10dBm (IRLB-FSL)
TSL B = 10dBm (IRLA - FSL)
RSL B is -50dBm because typical ATPC range for TX level is 20dB (depend on RFU type)!!!
It means that TSL A cant be 0dBm because possible min is 10dBm (Max is 30dBm)
Page 106
ATPC Configuration
Thank You
10
Page 107
Page 108
Service Model in IP-20

July 2014 version 2
Agenda
IP-20 Ethernet Capabilities
Service Model in General
What is a Service ?
What is a Service point?
Services in IP-20 Family & Services attributes

1.
2.
3.
Point to Point Service

Multipoint Service
Management Service
Service Point in IP-20 Family

1.
2.
3.
4.
Pipe Service Point

Service Access Point (SAP)
Service Network Point (SNP)
Management Service Point (MNG)
Service Points classification and attributes

Examples for Services and Service points
Logical VS. Physical Port
Page 109
IP-20s Ethernet Capabilities

Up to 1025 services (1025 reserved for Management)
Up to 32 service points per service (30 SPs for MNG service)
All service types:
Multipoint (E-LAN)
Point-to-Point (E-Line)
Point-to-Multipoint (E-Tree)
Smart Pipe
Management
128K MAC learning table per service - ability to limit MAC learning per
service
Split horizon between service points
Flexible transport and encapsulation via 802.1q, 802.1ad (Q-in-Q), and
MPLS-TP, with tag manipulation possible at egress
High precision, flexible frame synchronization solution combining SyncE
and 1588v2
Hierarchical QoS with 8K service level queues, deep buffering, hierarchical
scheduling via WFQ and Strict priority, and shaping at each level
IP-20s Ethernet Capabilities

Hierarchical two-rate three-Color policers
Port based Unicast, Multicast, Broadcast, Ethertype

Service-based
CoS-based
Up to four link aggregation groups (LAG)
Hashing based on L2, L3, MPLS, and L4
Enhanced <50msec network level resiliency (G.8032) for ring/mesh support
IP-20 is fully MEF-9 and MEF-14 certified for all Carrier Ethernet services.
Page 110
Service model in General
What is a Service?
A virtual bridge, connecting two or more interfaces
Bridge is a device that separates two or more network segments
within one logical network
Interfaces are usually referred to physical ports but can also be logical
ports
Page 111
Service Model
Service#1
Service#2
Service points
Service points are logical entities attached to the interfaces that make up the
service. Service points define the movement of frames through the service.
Without service points, a service is simply a virtual bridge with no ingress or
egress interfaces.
Rails are second service point

towards the bridge
The Route is your first service point

towards the bridge
Page 112
What is a service point?
SP
Service#1
SP
3
SP
SP
4
SP
Service#2
SP
Services in IP-20 Family
10
Page 113
IP-20 Services
IP20N supports the following services types:
1. Point-to-Point Service (P2P)
2. Multipoint Service (MP)
3. Management Service (MNG)
4. Point-to-Multipoint Service (E-Tree)
E-Tree services are planned for future release.
11
Point to Point Service (P2P)

Point-to-point services are used to provide connectivity between two
interfaces of the network element.
When traffic ingresses via one side of the service, it is immediately directed
to the other side according to ingress and egress tunneling rules.
This type of service contains exactly two service points and does not require
MAC address-based learning or forwarding
PIPE
PIPE
SAP
SAP
12
Page 114
Multipoint Service (MP)
Multipoint services are used to provide connectivity between two or more service points.
When traffic ingresses via one service point, it is directed to one of the service points in the
service, other than the ingress service point, according to ingress and egress tunneling rules, and
based on the learning and forwarding mechanism.
If the destination MAC address is not known by the learning and forwarding mechanism, the
arriving frame is flooded to all the other service points in the service except the ingress service
point.
1
SAP
SNP
2
SAP
SNP
13
Management Service (MNG)
Traffic ports TCC
Management ports TCC
The management service is a multipoint service that connects the two local
management ports, the network element host CPU, and the traffic ports into a single
service. The service behavior is same as the Multipoint service behavior.
The management service is pre-defined with Service ID 1025.
CPU
1
4
2
SAP
SNP
Service ID 1025
2
14
Page 115
Service Attributes
Service ID - 1 - 1024
Service Type P2P, MP, MNG
Service Admin Mode Operational, Reserved
EVC-ID - Ethernet Virtual Connection ID (End-to-end).
EVC Description
Maximum Dynamic MAC Address Learning per Service
Static MAC Address Configuration
CoS Mode & Default CoS
xSTP Instance The spanning tree instance ID (1-63)
Split Horizon Group - (Enable/Disable)
15
IP-20 Service Points
16
Page 116
Service points
SAP
SNP
Pipe Service Point
Management Service Point
Service Access Port SAP & Service Network Point SNP
18
Page 117
Service Access Port SAP & Service Network Point SNP
19
Management (MNG) Service Point

Only used for management services
20
Page 118
Pipe Service Points

Pipe Service Point Used to create traffic connectivity between two
points in a port-based manner (Smart Pipe). In other words, all the
traffic from one port passes to the other port. Pipe service points are
used in Point-to-Point services
PIPE
SAP
PIPE
SAP
PIPE
SAP
21
Service points classification
22
Page 119
PIPE
SAP
Service Point Interface Types

InterfaceType
Typesof Frames
AppliestoSPType
Dot1q
AsingleCVLANisclassifiedintotheservice
point
All
Stag
AsingleSVLANisclassifiedintotheservice
point
SNMPandMNG
BundleC
AsetofCVLANsisclassifiedintotheservice
point
SAP
BundleS
AsingleSVLANandaset ofCVLANare
classifiedintotheservicepoint
SAP
AlltoOne
AllCVLANs,SVLANswithTPIDdiffthanthe
systemone anduntaggedframesthatenter
theinterfaceareclassifiedintotheservice
point
SAP
QinQ
AsingleSVLANandCVLANcombinationis
SAPandMNG
23
Service Points
Service
24
Page 120
Service
25
Service Point Types that can Co-Exist on the Same Interface
26
Page 121
Service Point Types that can Co-Exist on the Same Interface
27
Example of dot1q services
TheclassificationtoPtP1andPtP2isbased
ononecvlan.
PtP 1usessamecvlan astheclassification
atbothends
PtP 2usesdifferentcvlan asthe
classificationatbothends.
PtP1 andPtP2usesthetransportvlan
insidethenetwork.Theoriginalcvlan is
notsentinsidethenetwork.
CVlan
SAP3
10
SAP3
ptp 1
SAP1
CVlan
10
SAP1
20
SAP2
CVlan
SAP4
SAP2
120
ptp 2
TransportVlan
EVC
100
ptp1
200
ptp2
28
Page 122
SAP
SNP
SAP4
Example of bundle services
onseveralcvlans.
insidethenetwork.Theoriginalcvlan is
preservedandsentinsidethenetwork.
CVlan
SAP3
10,11
SAP3
ptp 1
SAP1
CVlan
10,11
SAP1
20,21
SAP2
CVlan
SAP4
SAP2
20,21
SAP4
ptp 2
TransportVlan
EVC
100
ptp1
200
ptp2
29
SAP
SNP
Example of Q-in-Q services
onapairofcvlan andsvlan.
insidethenetwork.Theoriginalcvlan and
svlan isnotsentinsidethenetwork.
SAP3
SVlan
CVlan
230
10
SAP3
ptp 1
SAP1
SAP4
SAP2
SVlan
CVlan
340
320
ptp 2
SVlan
CVlan
230
10
SAP1
240
20
SAP2
TransportVlan
EVC
100
ptp1
200
ptp2
SAP
SNP
30
Page 123
SAP4
Service points Attributes
31
Service Point Attributes

As described above, traffic ingresses and egresses the service via service
points. The service point attributes are divided into two types:
Ingress Attributes Define how frames are handled upon ingress, e.g.,
policing and MAC address learning.
Egress Attributes Define how frames are handled upon egress, e.g.,
preservation of the ingress CoS value upon egress, VLAN swapping.
Page 124
Service Point Attributes

General
Ingress
Egress
ServicePointID
LearningAdmin
CVLANCoS Preservation
Service PointName
AllowFlooding
CVLAN Preservation
ServicePointType
AllowBroadcast
SVLANCoS Preservation
Interface
CoS Mode
MarkingAdmin
InterfaceType
DefaultCoS
ServiceBundle ID
CVLANEncapsulation
SVLANEncapsulation
33
Service Point General Attributes

General
Service Point ID number for service point inside

the same service
Service Point Name The Name for service point

if is needed
ServicePointID
Service PointName
ServicePointType
Interface
InterfaceType
CVLANEncapsulation
SVLANEncapsulation
Service Point Type- SAP, SNP, MNG, PIPE

Interface - The logical interface on which the
service point is located
Interface Type Dot1q, S-Tag, Bundle-C, BundleS, All-to-One, Q-in-Q
C-Vlan Encapsulation - The C-VLAN classified
into the service point

S-Vlan Encapsulation - The S-VLAN classified
into the service point
34
Page 125
Service Point Interface Types

InterfaceType
Typesof Frames
AppliestoSPType
Dot1q
AsingleCVLANisclassifiedintotheservice
point
All
Stag
AsingleSVLANisclassifiedintotheservice
point
SNMPandMNG
BundleC
AsetofCVLANsisclassifiedintotheservice
point
SAP
BundleS
AsingleSVLANandaset ofCVLANare
SAP
AlltoOne
AllCVLANs,SVLANswithTPIDdiffthanthe
systemone anduntaggedframesthatenter
theinterfaceareclassifiedintotheservice
point
SAP
QinQ
AsingleSVLANandCVLANcombinationis
SAPandMNG
35
Service Point Ingress Attribute

Learning Admin - Indicates whether MAC
Ingress
LearningAdmin
AllowFlooding
AllowBroadcast
CoS Mode
DefaultCoS
address learning is enabled or disabled

Allow Flooding - Indicates whether incoming
frames with unknown MAC addresses are
forwarded to other service points via flooding
Allow Broadcast - Indicates whether frames with
a broadcast destination MAC address are allowed
to ingress the service via this service point
CoS Mode - Indicates how the service point
handles the CoS of frames that pass through the
service point.
Default CoS The service point CoS. If the CoS
Mode is set to overwrite the CoS decision made at
the interface level, this is the CoS value assigned
to frames that ingress the service point.
36
Page 126
Service Point Egress Attribute

C-Vlan CoS Preservation - Indicates whether the
Egress
CVLAN Preservation
MarkingAdmin
ServiceBundle ID
original C-VLAN CoS value is preserved or

restored for frames egressing from the service
point
C-Vlan Preservation - Indicates whether the
original C-VLAN ID is preserved or restored for
frames egressing from the service point
S-Vlan CoS Preservation - Indicates whether the
original S-VLAN CoS value is preserved or
restored for frames egressing from the service
point
Marking Admin - Indicates whether re-marking of
the outer VLAN (C-VLAN or S-VLAN) of tagged
frames that pass through the service point is
enabled
Service Bundle ID - This can be used to assign
one of the available service bundles from the HQoS hierarchy queues to the service point
37
Ethernet Service Points GUI

General
ServicePointID
Service PointName
ServicePointType
Interface
InterfaceType
CVLANEncapsulation
SVLANEncapsulation
Ingress
LearningAdmin
AllowFlooding
AllowBroadcast
CoS Mode
DefaultCoS
Egress
CVLAN Preservation
MarkingAdmin
ServiceBundle ID
38
Page 127
Logical Vs. Physical Interface
39
Logical and physical interface
40
Page 128
Service Demo
41
Creating the Service
42
Page 129
Attaching Service Points
43
44
Page 130
45
Questions?
46
Page 131
Thank You
Page 132
IP-20G Licensing
July 2014
Version 2
Agenda
Licensing in General
Demo License
CeraOS License concept
IP-20 Licensing Scheme
Licensed Features
Page 133
Licensing
IP-20G offers a pay as-you-grow licensing concept in which

future capacity growth and additional functionality can be
enabled with license keys.
For purposes of licensing, each IP-20G chassis is considered
a distinct device, regardless of which cards are included in the
chassis. Each device contains a single license key.
Licenses are divided into two categories:
Per Carrier The license is per carrier
Per Device The license is per device, regardless of the
number of carriers supported by the device.
Ceragon provides a web-based License Management

System (LMS). The LMS enables authorized users to
generate license keys, which are generated per IDU serial
number.
A 1+1 HSB configuration requires the same set of licenses for

both the active and the protected interfaces.
License Management System
Page 134
License generating
License is generated according to chassis SN

DEMO License
A demo license is available that enables all features for 60 days.
The demo license expires 60 days from the time it was activated,
and the most recent valid license goes into effect.
The 60-day period is only counted when the system is powered up.
10 days before the demo license expires, an alarm is raised
indicating to the user that the demo license is about to expire.
Page 135
IP-20 Pricing Concept (Value Structure)

Hardware, Software & Licensed Features
CeraOS (Software)
LicensedPremiumFunctionality
LicensedScalability
Radiocapacity
2nd modem/core
activation(IP20G/C)
AdditionalGEuser
interfaces
AdditionalCETNode
services/EVCs(L2)
Advancedradioconfigurations
AdvancedQoS
EthernetOAM
TDMPWservices
Synchronization
NetworkResiliency
AdvancedSecurity
LicensedMode CETNode
CETservices/EVCs(L2)
2xGEuserinterfaces
SmartPipeservices(L1)
10Mradiocapacity
1xGEuserinterface
NativeTDMservices
Baseline
functionality
Hardware
ProductModels (e.g.IP20G,IP20G,IP20C,IP20LH)
Assemblyoptions (e.g.single/dualmodeminIP20G)
Addonmodules (e.g.RMCinIP20G)
IP-20 Licensing Scheme

Per Carrier
Per Node Premium Functionality
Scalability
Radio capacity
Enhanced Packet Buffer

Frame Cut Through
H-QoS
Advanced radio configurations
ACM
XPIC
Multi-Carrier ABC
MIMO
Header De-duplication
Sync-Unit
IEEE-1588 TC
IEEE-1588 OC
IEEE-1588 BC
Redundancy/Resiliency group
Network Resiliency
Main Card Redundancy
CET-Node mode/scalability
Edge (8 services/EVCs)
Agg-Lvl-1 (64 services/EVCs)
Agg-Lvl-2 (1024 services/EVCs)
Sync group
Per Node scalability
QoS group
Ethernet OAM group

Eth-OAM FM
ETH-OAM PM
General node scalability

2nd
modem activation (IP-20G only)

2nd core activation (IP-20C only)
GE user interfaces
TDM group
Security
TDM PW
Secure management
Page 136
Licensed Features
LicenseName
RadioCapacity
Adaptive CodingModulation
ACM
HeaderDeDuplication
Description
Enablesyoutoincreaseyoursystemsradiocapacityin
gradualstepsbyupgradingyourcapacitylicense.
Withoutacapacitylicense,eachcarrierhasacapacity
of10Mbps.Licensedcapacityisavailablefrom25Mbps
to500Mbps.EachRMCcardcanbelicensedfora
differentcapacity.
EnablestheuseofAdaptiveCodingandModulation
(ACM)scripts.Aseparatelicenseisrequiredpercore.
EnablestheuseofHeaderDeDuplication,whichcanbe
configuredtooperateatL2throughL4.
EnablestheuseofCrossPolarizationInterfaceCanceller
CrossPolarizationInterfaceCanceller
(XPIC).Aseparatelicenseisrequiredforeachcorein
(XPIC)
theXPICpair.
Licensed Features
LicenseName
FE/GEPortEnabling
SmartPipemode
Description
EnablestheuseofaTCCEthernetportfortraffic.A
licenseisrequiredforeachTCCtrafficportthatisused
onthedevice,asfollows.Anyoftheselicensescanbe
installedmultipletimeswithdynamicallocationinside
theunit.
FEPortEnabled EnablesanEthernetportonthe
TCCoronanEthernetLICinFEmode(10/100baseT
only).
GEPortEnabled EnablesanEthernetportonthe
TCCoronanEthernetLICinFEorGEmode
(10/100/1000baseTor1000baseX).
FEtoGE PortUpgrade Converts an FEportlicense
toaGEportlicense.
EnablesSmartPipemode.WhenSmartPipemodeis
enabled,1xGEinterfaceisenabledbydefault.
10
Page 137
Licensed Features
LicenseName
EdgeCETNode
Description
EnablesCarrierEthernetTransport(CET)andanumber
ofEthernetservices(EVCs),dependingonthetypeof
CETNodelicense:
EdgeCETNode Upto8EVCs.
AggregationLevel1CETNode Upto64EVCs.
AggregationLevel2CETNode Upto1024EVCs.
ACETNodelicensealsoenablesthefollowing:
Networkresiliency(MSTP/RSTP)forallservices.
Full QoSfor all services including basic queue buffer
management (fixed queues buffer size limit,tail
drop only)andeight queues perport,noHQoS.
LAGSupport
NetworkResiliency
Enablesthefollowingprotocolsforimprovingnetwork
resiliency:
G.8032
TDM(PW)services1:1pathprotection
11
Licensed Features
LicenseName
HQoS
EnhancedPacketBuffer
Management(QoS)
SyncUnit
SyncOverPacketOptimized
Transport
TDMTimeSlot Suppression
Description
EnablesHQoS.Thislicenseisrequiredtoaddservice
bundleswithdedicatedqueuestointerfaces.Without
thislicense,onlythedefaulteightqueuesperportare
supported.
Enables configurable (nondefault)queue buffer size
limitfor Green andYellow frames.Also enables WRED.
The defaultqueue buffer size limitis 0.5Mbits for
Green frames and0.25Mbits for Yellow frames.
EnablestheG.8262synchronizationunit.Thislicenseis
requiredinordertoprovideendtoendsynchronization
distributiononthephysicallayer.Thislicenseisalso
requiredtouseSynchronousEthernet(SyncE).
Enables Syncoverframe optimized transport.
EnablesCESoP PWmodeonallinstalledSmartTDM
cards.Withoutthislicense,onlySAToP PWmodeis
supported.
12
Page 138
Licensed Features
LicenseName
Description
FrameCutThrough
EnablesFrameCutThrough.
EnablestheuseofasecondTCCina2RUchassisfor
TCCredundancy.
MainCard Redundancy
Ethernet OAM Fault Management
EnablesConnectivityFaultManagement(CFM)per
802.1agand802.3ah.
Enablessecuremanagementprotocols(SSH,HTTPS,
SFTP,SNMPv3,andRADIUS)
SecureManagement
13
IP-20 licensing scheme CET-Node Mode

# of bundled
GE ports
for user traffic
Management
Service
Native TDM
services
"Pipe" (L1)
Eth services
# of CET (L2)
Eth services
( PtP / MPtMP /
TDM PW* )
Base (no license)
Yes
Unlimited
Unlimited
Edge-CET-Node
Yes
Unlimited
Unlimited
Agg-Lvl-1-CET-Node
Yes
Unlimited
Unlimited
64
Agg-Lvl-2-CET-Node
Yes
Unlimited
Unlimited
1024
License
* TDM-PW license key is required to enable TDM PW services.
14
Page 139
License
15
License features available
16
Page 140
Thank You
Page 141
Page 142
Native TDM

July 2014 Version 2
Agenda
Native TDM Services
Hybrid Service Engine TDM + Ethernet
All-packet services example: Ethernet EVCs + TDM Pseudowire
How to Setup Native TDM
Page 143
Native TDM Services

IP-20G provides integrated support for transportation of TDM (E1) services
with integrated E1 and ch-STM-1 interfaces.
Two types of TDM services are supported using the same hardware:
Native TDM trails
TDM Pseudowire services (enabling interoperability with third party
packet/PW equipment)
IP-20G provides native TDM support, utilizing a cross-connect module to

support up to 512 TDM trails.
The IP-20G Web EMS provides a simple and easy-to-use GUI that enables
users to provision end-to-end TDM trails. The Services Provisioning GUI
includes the following trail-creation end points:
TDM interface
Radio interface
Hybrid Services Engine Ethernet + TDM

Services engine
TDM cross-connect (VCs)
TDM
traffic
E1
Ch-STM1
TDM
PW
Network processor (EVCs)
Hybrid
Radio
Packet
traffic
GE/FE
Native TDM Services (VCs)

Ethernet Services (EVCs)
Ethernet switched (L2) services E-Line (PtP), E-LAN (MPtMP)
Ethernet port based (L1) services (smart pipe)

TDM Pseudowire services Unstructured (SAToP), Structured (CESoP)
Page 144
Hybrid services example: Ethernet EVCs + Native TDM

TDM cross-connect (VCs)
E1/
ch-STM1
Port
SAP

PtP Service
User Port
(UNI)
GE/FE
TDM
traffic
Port
SAP
SAP
SNP
SAP
Packet
traffic
Hybrid
Radio
MPtMP Service
User Port
(UNI)
GE/FE
SAP
Network
Port
SNP
Port
Port
SAP
GE/FE
SNP
All-packet services example: Ethernet EVCs + TDM Pseudowire

TDM
PW
E1/DS1/
ch-STM1/
OC3
Port
PtP Service
SAP
SAP
SNP
SAP
PtP Service
User Port
(UNI)
GE/FE
Port
S-VLAN =
200
SAP
SAP
SNP
SAP
Packet
traffic
Packet
Radio
MPtMP Service
User Port
(UNI)
GE/FE
SAP
Network
Port
SNP
Port
Port
SAP
SNP
Page 145
GE/FE
How to Setup Native TDM
Native TDM Configuration

VC1
VC2
VC3
VC4
VC5
VC6
VC7
VC8
VC9
VC10 VC11 VC12
VC13 VC14 VC15 VCn
E1#1-16 (or STM-1 VC)

Loop Timing
TDM
Network
8
Page 146
TDM Service Configuration 1
As first we have to create any Eth. service for Radio port, because
we need specify which type of traffic will be carry by Radio.
Create any service point which is connected to the radio port in
Ethernet/Services
TDM Service Configuration 2
1
2
3
1 Select required TDM card

2 Select required E1or VC
3 Select Timing
Loop Timing Timing is taken from incoming traffic.
Recovered Clock Clock information is recovered on the egress path. Extra information may be located
in an RTP header that can be used to correct frequency offsets. Recovered Clock can provide very
accurate synchronization, but requires low PDV (Packer Delay Variation).
System Reference Clock Trails are synchronized to the system reference clock.
Front Panel Trails are synchronized from Front Panel synch. port.
10
Page 147
Native TDM Configuration
Select Required TDM Card and Timing
E1#1-1
11
TDM Service Configuration
Select VC for radio slot
VC1
VC2
VC3
VC4
VC5
VC6
VC7
VC8
VC9
VC10 VC11 VC12
VC13 VC14 VC15 VCn

E1#1-1
12
Page 148
In remote end it needs to be set vice

versa according to drawing below
13
Selection Summary
14
Page 149
Thank You
Page 150
Configuration Management &

Software Download

July 2014, ver 3
Agenda
Backup and Restore

Software Download
Page 151
Backup & Restore
Backup and Restore

Backup and restore can be used for
Restoring configuration upon unit replacement

Duplicating configuration
Three restore points
Restore point are manually created
Backup file is generated from a restore pointed
Once a backup file is imported to a unit it can be restored
Page 152
Backup Process
Backup Configuration File Idea

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Install FTP server We recommend to use FileZilla Server (not Client)

Setup FileZilla Server parameters (Users, Shared Folders)
Synchronize Time via CLI
platform management time-services utc set date-and-time 30-01-2014,15:07:58
Setup communication parameters for IP20 unit with FTP Server
Create Configuration Backup inside IP20 unit
Export Configuration Backup to FTP server
Export
File
FTP IP address
Page 153
2. FTP Setup FileZilla Settings

1. Install FileZilla Server and Run it
2. Create User in FileZilla Server
2. FTP Setup FileZilla Settings

3. Create shared folder in FTP Server PC (C:\ Backups)
4. Setup all permissions for this folder in FTP Server
FTP SERVER PC
FileZilla settings in FTP SERVER PC
5. Check Firewall settings in FTP Server PC and if port 21 is used only with
FileZilla
Page 154
3. IP20G Configuration Management Settings

Setup Parameters for FTP Server Connection
Status for File transfer
Status for for Backup creation
User name and password

must be same as in FileZilla
Server
FTP Server IP address
Path in Server (This setup means that
file will be uploaded in C:\Backups)
Name.zip (.zip is MANDATORY)
!!!
Restore point selection

Time installation for future releases
4. Backup process
6. Check Export status
4. Check Status
1. Setup Configuration parameters

included Restore Point which will be
used for Configuration Backup inside
the system
2. Apply 5. Export
3. Backup
10
Page 155
Restore Process
Restore Configuration File Idea

1. Install FTP server (when is not already installed) we recommend to use FileZilla
Server (Not Client)
2. Setup FileZilla Server parameters (Users, Shared Folders)
3. Setup communication parameters for IP20 unit with FTP Server
4. Synchronize Time via CLI
5. Import Configuration Backup from FTP Server

6. Restore Configuration Backup
Import File
FTP IP address
12
Page 156
3. IP20 Configuration Management Settings

Setup Parameters for FTP Server Connection
Status for File transfer
Status for Backup creation

Server
Path in Server (Means that file will be downloaded
from Home FileZilla directory in our case
C:\Backups)
Name.zip (.zip is MANDATORY)
!!!
Restore point selection

Time installation for future releases
13
Restore process
4. Check Import status
6. Check Restore status
1. Setup Configurations parameters

included Restore point 1-3
2.Apply
3.Import
5 Restore
RESTORE CONFIGURATION WILL NOT CHANGE CURRENT IP ADDRESS !!!

14
Page 157
Config_Dump File
15
Software Download for IDU
16
Page 158
Software Download Idea for IDU

1. Before performing a software upgrade, it is important to verify that the system date
and time are correct.
2. Install FTP server (when is not already installed) we recommend to use FileZilla
Server (Not Client)
3. Setup FileZilla Server parameters (Users, Shared Folders)
4. Setup communication parameters for IP20 unit with FTP Server
5. Synchronize Time via CLI
6. UnZip software package for IP-20 to FTP Server shared folder

7. Download software from FTP Server
8. Install downloaded software
Software
Download
Although RFU software is included in the standard installation bundle, the current
software version is not automatically updated in the RFU when an installation is
performed.
To upgrade the software in an RFU, you must perform the upgrade manually, per slot
17
IP-20 Software Download Settings

Server
Path in FTP Server (This setup means

that configuration files will be
downloaded from Home FileZilla
directory)
18
Page 159
Software process download

4. Check Download Status
6. Check Installation Status
1. Setup
Parameters
2. Apply
5. Install Downloaded Software

3. Download
Software Files
from FTP Server
19
RFU Software Installation
20
Page 160
RFU Software Installation

Although RFU software is included in the standard installation bundle, the
current software version is not automatically updated in the RFU when an
installation is performed.
To upgrade the software in an RFU, you must perform the upgrade manually, per
slot.
This enables you to manage IDU and RFU software versions separately.
In this version, you must use the Command Line Interface (CLI) to
upgrade RFU software.
21
RFU Software Installation Procedure

1. The following sequence of commands installs RFU-C software version 2.13 in the
RFU connected to slot 3.
root> platform software show rfu versions
2. The next step is to perform the update and install commands:

root> platform software update rfu version slot 3 radio-port 1
root> platform software install rfu version slot 3 radio-port 1
3. To check the status of an update or install operation, enter the following command:
root> platform software show rfu status
4. Once the installation is complete, the Install Status column should indicate installation
success and the In Progress column should indicate 100 (100%).
5.When the installation is complete, enter the show rfu versions command again to verify
that the new version has been properly installed in both the TCC and the RFU:
root> platform software show rfu versions
22
Page 161
Thank You
Page 162
Troubleshooting

July 2014, ver 2
Agenda
Faults and Alarms

Performance monitoring
RMON statistic
Loopback
Page 163
Faults and Alarms
Faults
Current Alarms
Event Log
Page 164
Alarm Configuration
Performance Monitoring - Radio
Page 165
Radio Parameters
Profile
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Mod
QPSK
8PSK
16QAM
32QAM
64QAM
128QAM
256QAM
512QAM
1024 QAM SFEC
1024 QAM WFEC
2048QAM
MSE Down-Threshold
-16
-17
-21
-24
-27
-30
-32
-35
-36
-39
MSE Up-Threshold
-18
-19
-23
-26
-29
-32
-34
-37
-38
-41
Applicable for both 28/56MHz , 2048 QAM will be supported in 7.9
The values are typical and subject to change in relation to the frequency and RFU
type. For more details please contact your Ceragon representative
Radio Parameters Defected Blocks
Page 166
MRMC actual status
Signal Level
10
Page 167
MSE Mean Square Error
11
MRMC
12
Page 168
Capacity, Throughput, Utilization, Frame Error State
13
Performance Monitoring Ethernet Services
Page 169
ETH PM RMON
15
PM RMON Special Registers

RMONregister /Counter
Description
Undersizeframesreceived
Framesshorterthan64bytes
Oversizeframesreceived
Frameslongerthan2000bytes
Jabberframesreceived
Totalframesreceivedwithalengthofmorethan2000bytes,
butwithaninvalidFCS
Fragmentsframesreceived
Totalframesreceivedwithalengthoflessthan64
bytes,andaninvalidFCS
Rxerrorframesreceived
TotalframesreceivedwithPhyerror
FCSframesreceived
TotalframesreceivedwithCRCerror,notcounteredin
"Fragments","Jabber"or"Rxerror"counters
Pauseframesreceived
Numberofflowcontrolpauseframesreceived
16
Page 170
Troubleshooting with RMON: Oversized frames

Site A
T
Site B
T
Tagged Frames with frame

size > 2000 bytes
Wheningressframesexceedthemaximumframesize,RMONcounterOversizedframesreceived
isupdatedaccordingly
17
Troubleshooting with RMON: Discarding Example

Site A
T
Site B
T
Ingress traffic does not

comply to Policer rules
DiscardingExamples:
Ingressrate>RateLimiter
IngressframesdonotqualifytoPolicer rules
18
Page 171
Troubleshooting with RMON: Monitoring specific traffic types
Site A
Site B
Rate Limiter
Monitor
VideostreamsaregenerallytransmittedoverUDP
withmulticastaddresses
Tomonitortraffic,checkouttheMulticastFrames
Receivedregister
TolimitMCtraffic,assignaPolicer withaMCCIR
rules
19
Performance Monitoring TDM Services
Page 172
TDM Line Alarms
An example: Line alarms number 1040 = ( 10000010000 ) = 1024 + 16

It means that 1024 is Transceiver Loss of Multi-frame and 16 is Transceiver AIS alarm
21
TDM port PMs Table
22
Page 173
Loopbacks
RFU RF Loopback
IF LB
RFU RF LB
24
Page 174
TDM Loopback
25
Thank You
Page 175
Page 176
Course Evaluation Form

Dear Customer!
Thank you for taking the time to complete the following course evaluation form. Your
commentary and feedbacks are of great importance to us as we analysis and investigate each
course and report. The information you provide will be used to help us improve the content of
the course and monitor the quality of our training program.
Thank You,
Oren Gerstner,
Training Director
Course details
Location
Course Name / ID
Start Date (d/m/year)
End Date (d/m/year)
Instructor Name
Company / Customer
Please rate your satisfaction with the course from 1 to 5 (1 = poor and 5 = excellent):
Did the course meet your expectations?
Was the course well organized?
Training facility & Environment
Was the difficulty of the course in line

with your expectations?
The instructor was well prepared
Instructors level of knowledge
Instructors presentation skills
Instructors willingness to help
Audience was treated respectfully
Language was clear and understood
Course book
Level of practical exercises (when relevant)
Setup and lab functionality (when relevant)
Usefulness Level of practical exercises (when relevant)
Overall satisfaction from the training session
Your comments:
Course Evaluation Form
Page 177
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COURSE HANDBOOK

Installation | Commissioning | System Configuration

IP-20G Basic Training Course

Visit our Customer Training Portal at training.ceragon.com or contact us at training@ceragon.com

Copyright 2012 Ceragon Networks Ltd.

Introduction to Radio Systems

Proprietary and Confidential

Digital Transmission Systems

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Radio Relay Principles

A Radio Link requires two end stations

A line of sight (LOS) or nLOS (near LOS) is required

Microwave Radio Link frequencies occupy 1-80GHz

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High and Low frequency station

High station means: Tx(f1) >Rx(f1)

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Standard frequency plan patterns

Reduced risk for overshoot

Reduced risk for overshoot

Tx in upper part of band

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Preferred site location structure

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Radio Principal Block Diagram

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where c is the propagation velocity of electromagnetic

Microwave refers to very short waves (millimeters) and typically

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Parameters Affecting Propagation

Parameters Affecting Propagation

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Parameters Affecting Propagation Dispersion

Low frequencies have longer wavelength and refract less

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Parameters Affecting Propagation

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Parameters Affecting Propagation Multipath

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Parameters Affecting Propagation Duct

Atmospheric duct refers to a horizontal layer in the lower atmosphere with

Remain within the duct

Follow the curvature of the Earth

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Parameters Affecting Propagation - Polarization and

Large rain drops become

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Parameters Affecting Propagation Rain Fading

V better than H (more immune to rain fading)

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Parameters Affecting Propagation Rain Fading

Heavier rain >> Heavier Atten.

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Parameters Affecting Propagation Fresnel Zone

1. EMW propagate in beams

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Parameters Affecting Propagation Fresnel Zone

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Example: First condition

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RF Link Basic Components Parabolic Reflector Radiation (antenna)