www.ParsBook.

Org

:

GSM
(Global System Mobile)

www.ParsBook.Org

www.ParsBook.Org

:1-1

GSM

GSM
1 .
) (2PLMN .
GSM
. GSM ) (1-1 .
GSM 4 :
3

MS

BSS

NSS

OSS

GSM :

A MSC BSC7

Abis BSC BTS8

Air Um MS BTS

) MS :1-1-1 (
MS .
-

)(ME9

) (SIM
10

) (MS ME. IMEI11

IMSI12 SIM .
1

Frequency Reuse
Public Land Mobile Network
3
Mobile Station
4
Base Station Subsystem
5
Network Switching Subsystem
6
Operation and Support Subsystem
7
Base Station Controller
8
Base Tranciver system
9
Mobile Equipment
10
Subscriber Identity Module
11
International Mobile Equipment Identity
12
International Mobile Subscriber Identity
2

www.ParsBook.Org

www.ParsBook.Org

) : (1-1 GSM
BSS :1-1-2

MS .
BSS BSC BTS Abis BSC BTS A
BSC MSC .
BTS :1-1-2-1

BTS BSC .
BTS
BTS
BTS
TRX . BTS 3

.
BTS :
-

)(Frequency Hopping

www.ParsBook.Org

www.ParsBook.Org

MS BSC

MS BTS

MS

BSC MS

BSC : 1-1-2-2

BSC GSM BSC :

-

BTS

MS

MS MSC

BSC BTS ) T1 (E1 Abis

16kpbs Abis A 64 kpbs BSC MSC
13TRAU 16kpbs 64 kpbs .
) NSS : 1-1-3 (
NSS ISDN

) (PSTN14 :
-

HLR17 GMSC16 MSC15

AUC EIR VLR

18

20

19

13

Transcoder Rate Aduption Unit

Public Switching Telephony Network
15
Mobile Switching Center
16
Gate Mobile Switching Center
17
Home Location Register
18
Visitor Location Register
19
Equipment Identity Register
20
Authentication Center
14

www.ParsBook.Org

www.ParsBook.Org

) : (1-2 NSS
MSC :1-1-3-1

) : (1-3 BSS

) (

MSC .
MSC E1
64kpbs MSC :
-

)( Location Updating

)(Registration & Authentication

Handover BSC

:1-2

GSM

:1-2-1 GSM

GSM 3 19001800 900 ) (1-1

: Downlink BTS MS .
: Uplink MS BTS .
)Range(uplink

)Range(downlink

Freq-space

Bandwith

NO.Freq

NAME

)935-960 (MHZ

)890-915 (MHZ

200 KHZ

25 MHZ

124

GSM900

)1805-1880 (MHZ

)1710-1785 (MHZ

200 KHZ

75 MHZ

374

DCS1800

)1930-1990 (MHZ

)1850-1910 (MHZ

200 KHZ

60 MHZ

299

PCS1900

) : (1-1 GSM

www.ParsBook.Org

www.ParsBook.Org

) : (1-4 Downlink Uplink

:1-2-2

.
) (1-5 .

) : (1-5 GSM
:1-2-2-1 : BTS

. ) (1-6 .
A1
D1
A1
A3

D3
A2

B1
B3

C1
C3

A2

A3
B1

A3
D2

C1
C3

D3
A2

B1
B3

C2

D1

B2
A1

C2

D3

A1

B1
B3

D1

B2
A1

A3
D2

A2

C1
C3

B2
A1

A3
D2

B1
B3

C2
D1

D3

A2

B2
A1

A3
D2

A2
B1

) : (1-6 Frequency Reuse

www.ParsBook.Org

www.ParsBook.Org

:1-2-2-2

)(Location Area

BSC .
MSC/VLR LA . LA MS
) (Location Updating .
LA MS BTS .

:1-2-2-3

MSC

VLR

MSC .

:1-2-2-4

)(PLMN

) (MSC .
PLMN .

:1-3

GSM

GSM GMSK QPSK GMSK

FM . GMSK ) (1-7 QPSK )(1-8

. GSM 270/833 kbps.

.
) : (1-7 GMSK

) : (1-8 QPSK GSM .

www.ParsBook.Org

www.ParsBook.Org

:1-4

GSM

:1-4-1

21 .
GSM .
4.645 8
.
577 ) (1-9
Burst .

) : (1-9
.

:1-4-2
.

)(TCH

)(CCH

Uplink & Downlink

www.ParsBook.Org

21

www.ParsBook.Org

) : (1-10
:1-4-2-1

.

)(FULL RATE

)(HALF RATE

: 1-4-2-2 )(22 CCH

)(BCH

)(CCCH

)(DCCH

: 1-4-2-2-1 )(BCH

)(FCCH

)(SCH

)(BCCH
Control Channel

www.ParsBook.Org

22

www.ParsBook.Org

)(1-2 .

) : (1-2 location Uodating MTC

10

www.ParsBook.Org

www.ParsBook.Org

: 1-5
: 1-5-1
.
GSM
... .
) (1-11 .
) (1-12 .

) : (1-11

) : (1-12

: 1-5-2
GSM 30MHZ .

11

www.ParsBook.Org

www.ParsBook.Org

:
v 30MHZ

)(VHF,UHF,SHF BAND

v .
v .
v .
v .

: 1-5-3
:

Ae = 2 / 4

Pr = P x Ae
)Pr = (Pt / 4d2) x (2 / 4
= Pt x ( / 4d)2

dB :
L = 20 log ( 4d / ) dB
L = 32.5 + 20 log d + 20 log f dB

D f .

12

www.ParsBook.Org

www.ParsBook.Org

: 1-5-4
) (1-13 .
GSM

1800MHZ 15CM

900MHZ 30CM

- -

E :

) : (1-13

13

www.ParsBook.Org

www.ParsBook.Org

: 1-5-5 -
)Lp(urban) = 69.55 + 26.16 log(f) - 13.82 log(hb) - a(hm)+ (44.9 - 6.55 log(hb)) log(d

) a(hm MS.

) : (1-14 -

14

www.ParsBook.Org

www.ParsBook.Org

: 1-6
: 1-6-1
.
) Downlink BTS ( MS ) Uplink MS ( BTS
.
Downlink .
MS .
)(Fade Margin

. 23 .
.

1-6-2

24

Downlink

) (1-15 BTS MS .
BTS
3dB .
.

.

) : (1-15 Downlink

penetration loss
Power Budget

15

www.ParsBook.Org

23
24

www.ParsBook.Org

: 1-6-3

Uplink

MS .
v ) (Uplink
v BTS
). (
) (1-16 .

) : (1-16 Uplink

16

www.ParsBook.Org

www.ParsBook.Org

17

www.ParsBook.Org

www.ParsBook.Org

: 2-1

) (QOS .

) (Performance Management .
:

: 2-2
.
.

(Key Performance Indicator) KPI

Performance .

) (QOS .

: 2-3
.
Drop call Handover Fail Tch Congestion Sdcch

Congestion
GSM.
18

www.ParsBook.Org

www.ParsBook.Org

: 2-4

) BTS (....

KPI 10

IdleDedicated

Logfile )(BSC,MSC,OMC

Log file Logfile

dump TRX

dump .

Handover failure, Congestion, Drop call, Over shooting , Unbalance Traffic,H.W problem

Resource

:
(syntisizer Frequency Hopping , Cell load sharing
, C2 parameter for micro site , sdcch Dynamic Allocation,),

Half rate .
Tools :

TEMS Investigation Drive Test

C/I

Optima )KPI(key Performance Indicator

Asset
19

www.ParsBook.Org

www.ParsBook.Org

GSM Site master

:
QOS E
C/I E
SQI (sample Quality Indicator) E
Call Setup Success Rate E
Drop Call_Rate E
HO_ Failure E
Ho_success E
SDCCH_Congestion E
TCH_Congestion E
Sdcch Access Rate

TCH_Assign_Failure

TCH_RF_Loss E
TCH Traffic E
.. E

.
:
Call Setup Successful Rate (CSSR) > 90%

Drop Call Rate (DCR) < 3 %

HandOver Successful Rate (HSR) > 90% n

TCH Congestion < 5% n
SDCCH Congestion < 0.5% n

20

www.ParsBook.Org

www.ParsBook.Org

: 2-5
.

) : (2-1

) : (2-2

21

www.ParsBook.Org

www.ParsBook.Org

) : (2-3
.

22

www.ParsBook.Org

www.ParsBook.Org

Dedicated Idle
GSM

23

www.ParsBook.Org

www.ParsBook.Org

: 3-1
Database setting
.
.
)(Identifier Parameter

)(Functional Parameter

)(Timer Parameter
)(Counter Parameter
)(Threshold Parameter
)(Measurement Parameter

: 3-1-1 )(Identifier Parameter

LAC25

CI26

.
: 3-1-2 )(Functional Parameter

Function ) ( On , Enable ,Y ,Yes

Function ) ( Off , Disable ,N ,No

: 3-1-3 )(Timer Parameter

Location Area Code

Cell Identity

24

www.ParsBook.Org

25
26

www.ParsBook.Org

) : (off / Resest

) : (Counting
.

) : (Expired
.

: 3-1-4 )(Counter Parameter

.
: 3-1-5 )(Threshold Parameter

.
.

: .

: .

: 3-1-6 )(Measurement Parameter

: 3-2

GSM

GSM
.
.
: 3-2-1
: 3-2-1-1 ) ( IMSI
IMSI SIM )(MS

. SIM IMSI IMEI

.

25

www.ParsBook.Org

www.ParsBook.Org

: 3-2-1-2 ) ( TMSI

MSC/VLR .
IMSI TMSI IMSI RF

TMSI . VLR IMSI :

IMSI Attach ). (

LAC LAC .

TMSI LAC .
TMSI 4 .
: 3-2-1-3 ( MSIDN ) MS

: MSISDN MS
:
) CC ( 98 - ) (9121335899

: 3-2-2
: 3-2-2-1 ) ( IMEI

IMEI IMEI .
EIR .
IMEI 15 .

6 TAC

: 3-2-3
: 3-2-3-1 LAC27

0 65535 .

Location Area Code

26

www.ParsBook.Org

27

www.ParsBook.Org

: 3-2-3-2 LAI

28

LAI=MCC-MNC-LAC

MCC29 .

MNC30

LAI BTS BCCH .

: 3-2-3-3 MSRN

31

MSRN MS .
MSRN VLR MS .
GMSC MSRN HLR MS VLR MS
MSRN . HLR GMSC .
MSRN=CC & NDC & SN

: 3-2-4
.
: 3-2-4-1

CI32

0 65535
LA .

33

CGI

LAI CI.

34

BSIC

BSIC MS BTS .
BSIC 6 64

28

Location Area Identity

Mobile Country Code
30
Mobile Network Code
31
Location Area Identity
32
Cell Identity
33
Cell Global Identity
34
Base Station Identity Code
29

27

www.ParsBook.Org

www.ParsBook.Org

BSIC=NCC & BCC

BCC MS .
: 3-2-5
Downlink CCCH PCH35 AGCH36

) : (3-1 BCH

: 3-3 MS

Idle Mode

Idle Mode
. .
Idle :

BCCH

Cell Selection /Reselection -

Location Updating

BTS Downlink )(Paging

:3-3-1 BCCH

BCCH :

Cell Selection Downlink Uplink .

Paging Chanel
Access Grant Chanel

28

www.ParsBook.Org

35
36

www.ParsBook.Org

Cell Reselection
.

) : (3-1 BCCH
:3-3-2 Cell Selection /Reselection
Cell Selection

Cell Selection
camp ) (
MS 124) GSM P-GSM 174 E-GSM

374 ( DCS 1800 .

FCCH TDMA
TDMA BSIC SCH :

BCCH

Paging CCCH

BCCH

BA List BA List BCCH .

29

www.ParsBook.Org

www.ParsBook.Org

: C1
C1 Camp.

C1 .
]C1(n) = [ RXLEV(n) - RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN

)) (RXLEX(n 5 .
C1

: Cell Reselection
Cell Reselection Cell Reselection .

C1 .

Downlink

C2 C1
.

MS C1 C2 .

30

www.ParsBook.Org

www.ParsBook.Org

: C2

Cell reselection Offset

C1 .
REO

Penalty Time

MS
.
C2 20 .

)H(x

X= penalty Time-T T MS Cell reselection

1 when T < = penaltyTime

= )H(x
0 when T > penaltyTime

C1+REO-TEO

when T < = penaltyTime

= c2
C1+REO

when T > penaltyTime

31

www.ParsBook.Org

www.ParsBook.Org

Idle Mode Operation

Cell Re-selection with C2, continues
C2 when penaltyTime = 640
C2 when penaltyTime < 640

dB

C2
Cell Reselect Offset
C1

Temporary Offset

C2
time
Penalty Time

Cell Reselection : (3-2)

Idle Mode Operation
Cell Re-selection with C2, continues
c e ll a t t r a c t iv e n e s s
m ic r o c e ll
m a c r o c e ll

t im e

f a st m o v in g m o b ile
BCCH

slo w m o v in g m o b ile
BCCH

Cell Reselection : (3-3)

32

www.ParsBook.Org

www.ParsBook.Org

:3-3-3

) (Location Management

GSM PLMN
LA .

:3-3-3-1
MS MS
.

MS
Location Update .
MS 37. Location Update
.

MS .
MS . MS

Location Update .
.

MS
. MS
.
.
:3-3-3-2 GSM

MS LA38 GSM
LA MSC PLMN .

Paging
Location Area

33

www.ParsBook.Org

37
38

www.ParsBook.Org

:3-3-4 Location Update

E
Location Update E
IMSI Attach E

E
E TMSI LAC

Location Update :
E ) LA ) (3-4 (
E ) ) (3-5 (
E MS IMSI Attach .
MS . T3212
.
VLR Update MS

IMSI Detach .
IMSI Attach Location Update VLR .
MS Detach Attach VLR
Update VLR Update HLR
LAI MS .

:3-3-5

39

MS .
:3-3-5-1
:

: 1 IMSI TMSI .

: 2 IMSI TMSI .

: 3 TMSI .
Paging Algorithm

34

www.ParsBook.Org

39

www.ParsBook.Org

MS IMSITMSI

.
IMSI 8 .

) 3 (MCC

) 2 (MNC

) 10 (MSIN

) : (3-4

) : (3-5

35

www.ParsBook.Org

www.ParsBook.Org

:3-3-5-2

) ( Paging & DRX

) (DRX .
MS CCCH) ( MS
CCCH .
BS_PA_MFRMS . )
1 9 ( .

:3-3-6
AGCH CCCH MS Uplink .
) (3-1 9 None-Combine
CCCH AGCH
) (Paging AGCH CCCH .
LA LA
AGCH

AGCH .
:3-3-6-1 )(Paging

= X ) 1 ( 4
= Y
0.235 )(235 ms

X .

Y CCCH ) 3 CCCH ( 9 AGCH

.
:3-3-6-2 )(PCH

36

www.ParsBook.Org

www.ParsBook.Org

= Calls ) (LA
MT

= .

PF

= =

= PMF =
(1 / 0.235) = 4.25
:3-3-6-3 AGCH

AGCH AGCH
.

= Calls ) (LA
LU

= Location Update

IA

= IMSI Attach

ID

= IMSI Detach

SS

= Supplementary Services

2 AGCH 2 .

:3-3-7

)(Paging

) (Paging MSC MSC BSS

.
:3-3-7-1 ) ( MSC

) : PAGREP1LA 0 ( 3

= 0 LA.

37

www.ParsBook.Org

www.ParsBook.Org

= 1 LA TMSI IMSI.
= 2 LA IMSI.
= 3 .

2.

) : PAGREPGLOB 0 ( 1

= 0 .
= 1 IMSI.

0.

) : PAGNUMBERLA 1 ( 3

.
1.

: 3-8

: 3-8-1
MS GSM
GSM 124). ( GSM900

BCCH . BTS
. MS SCH .
MS BCCH .
LAI .
MS PCH
Location Update.
.
IMSI Attach :: 3-8-2

IMSI Attach ) (3-6 .

38

www.ParsBook.Org

www.ParsBook.Org

IMSI Attach : (3-6)

IMSI Detach : 3-8-3

.( 3-7) IMSI Detach

IMSI Detach : (3-7)

Location Update : 3-8-4

.( 3-8) Location Update

39

www.ParsBook.Org

www.ParsBook.Org

) : (3-8 Location Update

Cell Measurement And Handover : 3-8-5

Cell Measurement And Handover ) (3-9 .

) : (3-9 Cell Measurement And Handover

: 3-8-6
.

) RXLEV ( .

40

www.ParsBook.Org

www.ParsBook.Org

MS .

: 3-8-6-1
RXLEV_ACC_MIN

)(Receive Level Access minimum

= 47 110 dBm

= 110 dBm
= 102dBm

MS .

CCHPWR

)(Control Channel Power

= 13 43 GSM 900 4 30 GSM 1800

MS
.

CB

)(Cell Barring

MS YES NO.
= NO

: 3-8-6-2

40

(Access Control Class) ACC

= 0 15 clear
= clear

= 0-9
Attach

41

www.ParsBook.Org

40

www.ParsBook.Org

= 10 0-9 .
= 11-15
= clear

(Maximum Retires) MAXRET

= 1 7

RACH
= 4

T3122
= 0 255
= 5

.
: 3-8-6-3

41

(Base Time Detach Mobile) BTDM

MSC
= 6 150 6 OFF

MS MSC
T3212 Location Update .
= OFF

(Guard Time Detach Mobile) GTDM

MSC
= 0 255

MS MSC
.

: 3-9
: 3-9-1 BA

Detach

42

www.ParsBook.Org

41

www.ParsBook.Org

BA BCCH PLMN
.
RF MS PLMN

. 42
: 3-9-1-1 BA
BA BCCH MS IMSI

Attach SIM .
MS BA .
Idle .
) dedicated ( 6 BSC
Handover .

: 3-9-2

Idle

Idle Dedicated
GSM .
)Idle Mode (cell selection /reselection

Dedicated mode

Handovers
Serving cell measurements
Adaptive power control

MS BCCH BA BCCH
.
5 MS

: 3-9-3
:

Camp on

43

www.ParsBook.Org

42

www.ParsBook.Org

BA 32 ) (BCCH .
BA ) Idle Mode ( Dedicated Mode
64 BCCH .
BSC 128 8192 BCCH .

: 3-10
GSM
BTS .

: 3-10-1

(TA) Timing Advance

TA .
TA .
TA RACH
. ) (3-12 TA

) : (3-10 TA

44

www.ParsBook.Org

www.ParsBook.Org

TA BSS .
TA SACCH 0 63 .
TA MS BTS 550 TA
MS BTS 63 35 .

) : (3-11 MS

: 3-10-2

)(Extended Cell Range

: 3-10-3

)(range 0-35km- , default : 35km

HOTMSRM

TA

)(range 0-63- , default : 63

TALIM

HOTMSRME

)(range 35 - 100km- , default : 100km

: 3-11
: 3-11-1
dedicated MS
Handover
.

45

www.ParsBook.Org

www.ParsBook.Org

MS Idle Dedicated
.
BTS BSC
Handover .

: 3-11-2

Dedicated Mode

BCCH :

o
o

MS .
o

BCCH

MS Downlink .
o

BCCH DTX43

BCCH DTX

BCCH DTX

BCCH DTX

)(RXLEV_FULL

)(RXLEV_SUB
)(RXQUAL_FULL

)(RXQUAL_SUB

BSC MS Uplink BTS .

SUB FULL

RXQUAL_FULL

104 TDMA
SACCH .

RXQUAL_SUB

DTX
DTX TDMA SID .

Discontinious Transmission

46

www.ParsBook.Org

43

www.ParsBook.Org

RXQUAL_SUB 12 TDMA
RXQUAL_FULL .

DTX
RXQUAL_SUB .

Dedicated Mode Uplink

:

RXQUAL RXLEV Downlink

BSIC BCCH .

Uplink

) (TCH ) (SDCCH MS MS

RXQUAL RXLEV .

) : (3-12 SACCH
RXLEV RXQUAL

RXLEV Idle Mode MS .

RXLEV Dedicated Mode Downlink Uplink MS BTS
.
-48 dBm -110 dBm 64
) (3-2 ) (3-3 .

47

www.ParsBook.Org

www.ParsBook.Org

Received Signal Level (dBm)

LEVEL
From :

To :

Rxlev_0

-110

Rxlev_1

-110

-109

Rxlev_2

-109

-108

Rxlev_62

-49

-48

Rxlev_63

-48

: (3-2)
Bit Error Rate (%)
LEVEL
From :

To :

RXQUAL_0

0.2

RXQUAL_1

0.2

-0.4

RXQUAL_2

0.4

0.8

RXQUAL_3

0.8

1.6

RXQUAL_4

1.6

3.2

RXQUAL_5

3.2

6.4

RXQUAL_6

6.4

12.8

RXQUAL_7

12.8

: (3-3)

. SACCH
. SACCH 4

48

www.ParsBook.Org

www.ParsBook.Org

SACCH .

RXLEV 6

RXQUAL_FULL TDMA

RXLEV_VAL

44

Downlink SACCH .
v
v TA
v ) (5

BA v
v ) (6
v DTX, NCC Permited,

) : (3-13 Dedicate

Serving Cell

49

www.ParsBook.Org

44

www.ParsBook.Org

: 3-12

45

.
GSM .

: 3-12-1
GSM 4 .
v
v
v MS BTS MS BTS
MS BTS
v BTS

: 3-12-2
GSM :
v :

.
v )(DTX46

.
v )(DRX47

MS
.

45

Power Control
Discontinious Transmission
47
Discontinious Reception
46

50

www.ParsBook.Org

www.ParsBook.Org

: 3-12-3

GSM

) (MS BTS ) (3-4 ) (3-5 .

) : (3-4 MS

) : (3-5 BTS

51

www.ParsBook.Org

www.ParsBook.Org

: 3-12-4
: 3-12-4-1
GSM
MS.
.
BCCH BTS BCCH
. BCCH .

) : (3-14
MS BTS
BTS . MS BTS
.
MS BTS
"-" .

52

www.ParsBook.Org

www.ParsBook.Org

) : (3-6 900 1800 MS BTS

: 3-12-4-2
BSS SACCH
.

53

www.ParsBook.Org

www.ParsBook.Org

) : (3-15
.
v RXLEV_XX L_RXLEV_XX_P )(XX=DL48 or UL49

RXLEV P1
N1 .

P1 N1 L_RXLEV_XX_P
XX_TXPWR ) P1=10 ( N1=20

v RXLEV_XX U_RXLEV_XX_P )(XX=DL or UL

RXLEV P2
N2 .

P2 N2 U_RXLEV_XX_P
XX_TXPWR ) P2=19 ( N2=20

v RXUAL_XX L_RXQUAL_XX_P )(XX=DL or UL

RXQUAL P3
N3 .

P3 N3 L_RXQUAL_XX_P
XX_TXPWR ) P3=5 ( N3=7

Downlink
Uplink

54

www.ParsBook.Org

48
49

www.ParsBook.Org

v RXQUAL_XX U_RXQUAL_XX_P )(XX=DL or UL

RXQUAL P4
N4 .

P4 N4 U_RXQUAL_XX_P
XX_TXPWR ) P4=15 (N4=18

) : (3-16

55

www.ParsBook.Org

www.ParsBook.Org

: 3-12-4-3

56

www.ParsBook.Org

www.ParsBook.Org

MS GSM/DCS 2db

2 4 6db .
RACH MS
MS_TX_PWR_MAX_CH BCCH .
MS RXLEV BTS BSC
. RXLEV BCCH .
BTS MS SACCH .

: 3-13

)(DTX

MS .
) (
.
DTX ) (VAD MS .
VAD ) (13Kpbs .
500pbs
.

) : (3-17 DTX

57

www.ParsBook.Org

www.ParsBook.Org

.
SID . SID
.

) : (3-18 SID
: 3-14 )(DRX

DRX MS Idle
.
MS .
DRX MS .
TDMA

IMSI TMSI MS BCCH .

BSS MS MS
.
LA50 ) (MSC DRX
MSC ) (Transparent TDMA
.
BSS
IMSI TMSI MSC .
DRX :
v
v MS

Location Area

58

www.ParsBook.Org

50

www.ParsBook.Org

v Idle PCH

BCCH .

) : (3-19 DRX

: 3-15
: 3-15-1
MS_TXPWR_MAX_CCCH v

. MS

= 0 31
MS_TXPWR_MAX v

. MS
= 0 31
RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN v

MS .
= 0 63
DTX_USED v

= 0,1

: 3-15-2
MS_PWR_CTRL v

59

www.ParsBook.Org

www.ParsBook.Org

MS . 1
MS .
= 0,1
BTS_TXPWR_MAX/MIN v

BTS .
= 0 31
RXLEV_FULL/SUB_SERVING_CELL_UL/DL v

) FULL SUB Uplink ( Downlink

RXLEV ) FULL ( DTX ) SUB DTX

( ) Uplink BTS ( ) Downlink

MS ( .
) RXLEV_NCELL_(1-6) v (
6 .
= 0 63
RXQUAL_FULL/SUB_SERVING_CELL_UL/DL v

) FULL SUB Uplink ( Downlink

= 0 7

) POW_RED_STEP_SIZE v (
= 2,4,6

) POW_INC_STEP_SIZE v (
= 2,4,6

: 3-15-3

DRX

DRX_TIMER_MAX v

DRX .
= 0 7
, bv = 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7

TIMER= 0,1,2,4,8,16,32,64S
NON_DRX_TIMER v

60

www.ParsBook.Org

)(bv-1

TIMER = 2

www.ParsBook.Org

DRX .
MS DRX.
= 0 7
TIMER = 2(bv-1) , bv = 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7

TIMER= 0,1,2,4,8,16,32,64S

CCCH_CONF v

CCCH BCCH .
CCCH DRX MS MS
.
: 3-16

) Handover (

Handover GSM
.

3-16-1

Handover

.

Handover .
Handover .
Handover v
Handover BSC BSC
MSC MSC Handover
:

51

Intra-Cell HO

Handover

52

Inter-Cell , Intra-BSS HO

Handover BSC .

Handover
Handover

61

www.ParsBook.Org

51
52

www.ParsBook.Org

Handover v
Handover BSC MSC
:

Inter-BSS , Intra-MSC HO53

Handover MSC BSC .

Inter-MSC HO54

Handover MSC .

GSM Handover :

) (

BSC

BSC MSC

MSC

: 3-16-2 Handover
Handover MS MSC .
Handover
.
v Downlink (UL/DL) Uplink
v DL/UL

v
Power Budget v
v MS BTS

Handover
Handover

62

www.ParsBook.Org

53
54

www.ParsBook.Org

) : (3-20 Handover

Handover : 3-16-2-1
MS Downlink BTS uplink
.

.
Handover
Handover .

Handover : 3-16-2-2
MS Downlink BTS uplink
.
.
Handover
Handover .
Handover : 3-16-2-3

63

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www.ParsBook.Org

MS Downlink BTS uplink

. Handover
Handover .
Handover : 3-16-2-4 Power Budget

Handover Power Budget MS Hanover

.

Handover : 3-16-2-5
TA55 MS
.
BTS TA MS MS BTS .
BTS TA MS
Handover .
: 3-16-3 Handover
dedicated MS )(BER

) ( dBm .
MS . BTS
BSC .
MS 32 6 BSS

.
SACCH 48ms .
MS BSS
Handover .
BSC Handover
... handover .

Timing Advanced

64

www.ParsBook.Org

55

www.ParsBook.Org

: 3-16-3-1

Handover

MS BSS BSS
Handover MSC MSC Handover
) (3-22 .

) : (3-22 Handover

65

www.ParsBook.Org

www.ParsBook.Org

: 3-16-3-2 Handover

handover
.

) : (3-23 Handover

66

www.ParsBook.Org

www.ParsBook.Org

: 3-16-4 Handover
Handover: 3-16-4-1 Power Budget

Handover hoPeriodPBGT
.
1 2 .
: Handover :
Umbrella Handover v
v Handover (Inter-Cell) .

67

www.ParsBook.Org

www.ParsBook.Org

Handover: 3-16-4-2
Handover ) (hoTheresholdLevUL/DL .
1 2 .

Handover: 3-16-4-3

68

www.ParsBook.Org

www.ParsBook.Org

Handover ) ) (hoTheresholdQualUL/DL (px-nx.

1 2 .

Handover : 3-16-4-4
Handover
v ) )(hoTheresholdQualUL/DL (px-nx
v ) )(hoTheresholdInterferenceUL/DL (px-nx

1 ) 2 ( .

69

www.ParsBook.Org

www.ParsBook.Org

Handover : 3-16-4-5 Umbrella

Handover Umbrella PowerBudget Handover PowerBudget

.
Handover Umbrella :

) Handover : (3-24

70

www.ParsBook.Org

www.ParsBook.Org

71

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www.ParsBook.Org

GSM

72

www.ParsBook.Org

www.ParsBook.Org

: 4-1

56

: 4-1-1

.
.
.

) (S/N.

) : (4-1

: 4-1-2
TDMA 0.577 4.617 .
TDMA 4.617 217 .

.

Frequency

73

www.ParsBook.Org

56

www.ParsBook.Org

57

GSM . GSM

64 . HSN
0 63 .
TDMA 58
.

) : (4-2

) : (4-3

pseudo-random
Consecutive

74

www.ParsBook.Org

57
58

www.ParsBook.Org

: 4-1-3
:
v

MS
.
MS
.
v C/I59
GSM C/I 11-12 db
9db .

) : (4-4 C/I

: 4-1-4

BTS

BTS .
v BCCH MS
Handover .
v TRX
v MA60 TCH.
Crrier/Interference
Mobile Allocation

75

www.ParsBook.Org

59
60

www.ParsBook.Org

v ) (HSN TRX MAIO61 .

v TRX .

: 4-1-5 BTS
BTS :
v
v

62

63

: 4-1-5-1
.
BTS
.
HSN .

) : (4-6

61

Mobile Allocation Index Offset

Base Band Frequency Hopping
63
Synthesiser Frequency Hopping
62

76

www.ParsBook.Org

www.ParsBook.Org

: 4-1-5-2

.
HSN .
TRX
) (TCH MA LIST BTS

BTS ) MAIO
( HSN
.

Syntisize frequency Hopping .
v Idle overshooting
Redesign overshooting .
o

o Dowm Tilt
o

v TRX
v HSN MAIO .
v Vendor ) (
BSS .
30 GSM 64 93 MA TCH

.
BTS 1000 3000
25 6
.

77

www.ParsBook.Org

www.ParsBook.Org

) : (4-7

) : (4-8 BTS

: 4-1-6

MS

BS MS .
MS BTS
Handover .

78

www.ParsBook.Org

www.ParsBook.Org

: 4-1-7
v ) HOP ( Y/N
.
v

HOPMODE
BB , SYNHOP :

Hopping .
v

(Mobile Allocation List) MA

64 1 64 .
v

(Mobile Allocation Index Offset) MAIO

HSN

: 0 63

HSN =0 .

: 4-2

.
v Cell Load Sharing
v TRHO
: 4-2-1 CLS64

BSS

.
handover ) Locating( basic

) ranking handover (
Cell Load Sharing

79

www.ParsBook.Org

64

www.ParsBook.Org

handover basic ranking

handover CLS .
) Call Setup Sdcch ( handover CLS
. :
. 1 .
) ( BSC
. 2 Cell
handover basic ranking )
rank rank Serving Cell ( .
handover handover
.
.3 handover CLS
) (.
handover rank
SERVING CELL hysteresis handover

hysteresis rank
handover . handover
handover
.
handover hysteresis :
(t to)
2 xRHYST
hnew = hold 1
x
100
CLSRAMP

80

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) : (4-9 CLS

handover CLSRAMP
RHYST . handover

hysteresis :
.1 .
.2 BSC
handover
Processor BSC .
CLS
LSSTATE :

81

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ACTIVE , INACTIVE :
INACTIVE :
PER BSC :
RLLSI , RLLSE , RLLSP :

: BSC

.
.1 CLSTIMEINTERVAL :
100-1000(ms) :
100ms :
100ms :
BSC EXCHANGE PROPERTY DATA :
RAEPC ,RAEPP :
BSC : CLS

) CLS CLS(
overload CLS .
.2 CLSSTATE :
ACTIVE , INACTIVE :
INACTIVE :
----:
Per Cell :
RLLCI ,RLLCE, RLLCP :

: LSSTATE BSC
congestion CLSSTATE
CLS .
congestion CLS

82

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www.ParsBook.Org

KPI )
(tch-congestion .
.3 HOCLSACC :
ON,OFF :
OFF :
-----:
Per Cell :
.RLLCC,RLLCP :
: CLS BSC tch-

congestion CLS .
tch-congestion
. KPI .
3 4
CLS CLS

) (

.
.4 CLSRAMP :
0-30s :
5s :
8s :
Per Cell :
.RLLCC,RLLCP :

handover

hysteresis hold RHYST

handover
handover .
hnew BSC
hnew hold .
83

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.5 RHYST :
0-100% :
75% :
100% :
Per Cell :
RLLCC,RLLCP :

: handover hysteresis
. KHYST 6db RHYST 75%
CLSRAMP KHYST 1.5 db
rank .
.6

CLSLEVEL :

0-99% :
20% :
-----:
Per Cell :
RLLCC,RLLCP :

: full rate ) ( Idle TCHs

CLSSTATE BSC CLS
. 5TRX

) 36 (tch CLSLEVEL 30%

IDLE 10 CLS
10 .
.7 CLSACC :
1-100% :
40% :
------:
Per Cell :

84

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RLLCC,RLLCP :

: CLS
) idle ( CLS

: 4-3

65

.
Abis
16kbps 8kbps . .

Half Rate Support

AterInterface

A - Interface
64 kbit/s

FR
TCSM

16 kbit/s

FR/HR
TCSM

16 kbit/s

HR
TCSM

8 kbit/s

FR/HRMS
FR USED

AbisInterface
16 kbit/s

FR MS
M
S
C

B
S
C

FR
BTS
FR MS

FR/HR MS
HR USED FR/HR
BTS
16 kbit/s or
2 X 8 kbit/s

) : (4-10

Half Rate

85

www.ParsBook.Org

65

www.ParsBook.Org

86

www.ParsBook.Org

www.ParsBook.Org

: 5-1
) (5-1
.

.
) : (5-1
:
v
v
v Log file BSC KPI66
v KPI
.

: 5-1-1

. ASSET.

.

Key Performance Indicator

87

www.ParsBook.Org

66

www.ParsBook.Org

. .

: 5-1-2

:

: 5-1-2-1
:


: MSC
MSC VLR BTS BSC .
VLR

.
: BSC
BSS
.
.
v
v
v
.
v
v

MSC

HLR/VLR

88

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BSS

v
v

: 5-1-2-2

:

) ( ... Handover

) (.. BSS

) (...

GOS67 .

) (
) (QOS68 .

: 5-2
:

KPI OMC .

: 5-2-1

:

Grade of Service
Quality of Service

89

www.ParsBook.Org

67
68

www.ParsBook.Org

TEMS Investigation Outdoor Logfile logfile

Tems Poket Indoor Logfile 20

Neptue Outdoor Logfile

GPS

MS
GPS ) .
(

)(LAPTOP

.
:
Idle Dedicated .
) (5-2 .

) : (5-2

90

www.ParsBook.Org

www.ParsBook.Org

Idle
MS MS

Cell Selection Cell Reselection ).

Idle Mode (
.
v

v Idle MS

v ) (
Dedicated

MS

v Handover
v
v
v
v
v C/I

v
: 5-2-2 OMC

OMC :

BSC Log file

BSC Counter KPI

: 5-2-3

.

91

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www.ParsBook.Org

: 5-3 OMC
: 5-3-1

OMC

.
BSC Counter KPI
.
.
BSC Log file BSC

1000 .
BSC Log file

EXCEL .

: 5-3-2
Logfile
.
v BCCH ) BTS
BTS
.
v Handover . Logfile
Handover

Overshooting

92

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www.ParsBook.Org

: 5-4 BSS KPI69

: 5-4-1

)(CSSR70

CSSR
TCH .
) Location Update IMSI Attach (

: 5--4-2

)(DCR71

DCR

) + Handover ( =

) Handover + (

: 5--4-3

)(CSR72

CSR
.

: 5-4-4

)(HOSR73

HOSR HSR Handover

) Handover Inter-Bss , Intra-BSS , Inter-Celln(

/ Handover

Handover =

Handover

69

Key Performance Indicator

Call Setup Success Rate
Drop Call Rate
72
Call Success Rate
73
Handover Success Rate
70
71

93

www.ParsBook.Org

www.ParsBook.Org

: 5-4-5

)(HOFR74

HOFR Handover
Handover

) Handover (

/ Handover

= Handover Handover

: 5-4-6

)(TCH_Cong75

TCH_Cong TCH
.

: 5-4-7

)(SDCCH_Cong76

SD_Cong SDCCH

: 5-4-8

)(TCH_RF_LOSS

TCH_RF_LOSS
.

RF = RF
CALL-SETUP

74

Handover Fail Rate

Teraffic Chanel Congestion
76
sDCCH Chanel Congestion
75

94

www.ParsBook.Org

www.ParsBook.Org

: 5-4-9

)(TCH_ASS_Fail

TCH_ASS_Fail TCH
TCH Fail .

: 5-4-10

)(SDCCH_ASS_SUCC

SDCCH_ASS_SUCC SDCCH
Location Update IMSI Attach .

95

www.ParsBook.Org

www.ParsBook.Org

96

www.ParsBook.Org

www.ParsBook.Org

: 6-1
: 6-1-1
:
v
v
v


Overshooting .
.


OMC KPI77 .
) BSS (
NSS78 . ) (
.
BSS
... . BSS
Location Update .
: 6-1-2 BSS

Handover .
:
v
v
v

Key Performance Indicator

Network Subsystem Switching

97

www.ParsBook.Org

77
78

www.ParsBook.Org

: 6-1-2-1
Uplink Downlink ) (6-1 .

) : (6-1
79 MS BTS Uplink Downlink
. Uplink Downlink
.
:
v )) BTS (POUT(max MS
v MS BTS
v BTS MS Uplink
v Downlink

Power Budget

98

www.ParsBook.Org

79

www.ParsBook.Org

: 6-1-2-2
: 6-1-2-2-1

.


) (6-2 .

) : (6-2
.
: 6-1-2-2-2
.
.

.

.
) (6-3
Downtilt .
99

www.ParsBook.Org

www.ParsBook.Org

) : (6-3
.
Downtilt :
v
v
v

: 6-1-2-2-3
BTS .
.
:
v
v

100

www.ParsBook.Org

www.ParsBook.Org

.
Uplink BTS 5db
Uplink Power Budget .

BTS
10
GSM900 3 .
Uplink

.

) : (6-4

.

45
. X-POLE .

) : (6-5

101

www.ParsBook.Org

www.ParsBook.Org

: 6-1-2-3

.

Handover ....
.
v TRX ...
v BTS BSC .
v ) (...
v )(VSWR

v
: 6-1-3 BSS

.
:
v ) (
v
v
v
v WAP , GPRS ,SMS

: 6-1-4

)(QOS80

KPI

Quality of service

102

www.ParsBook.Org

80

www.ParsBook.Org

: 6-2

)(QOS

)(DCR81

GOS

) (

: 6-2-1 )(DCR

) (DCR
. 2%

: 6-2-2
.
GOS 2% 5% . KPI .

Drop Call Rate

103

www.ParsBook.Org

81

www.ParsBook.Org

) : (6-6 GOS

: 6-2-3

)(Teraffic Throughput

GOS .

/ 3600

* MHT =

= MHT 2.5mErlang

) : (6-7

104

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: 6-3

KPI

KPI
KPI OPTIMA Vendor ) ( Cell

Wise BSC Wise .

KPI :
Call Setup Success Rate E
Drop Call_Rate E
HO_ Failure E
Ho_success E
SDCCH_Congestion E
TCH_Congestion E
E

Sdcch Access Rate

TCH_Assign_Failure

TCH_RF_Loss E
TCH Traffic E

KPI DUMP OMC

KPI

: 6-3-1

)(CSSR82

CSSR 90%
CSSR :

SDCCH
Call Seup Success Rate

105

www.ParsBook.Org

82

www.ParsBook.Org

TCH

: 6-3-1-1

SDCCH

: SDCCH
SMS .
:
SDCCH LAC Location Update
.

: 6-3-1-2

)(TCH Assign Failure

:TCH
BSS MS TCH
: TCH TCH

CSSR .

: 6-3-2

)(DCR83

DCR 2 :
v Handover

v
v
v

: 6-3-2-1

Handover

:
MS Handover .
:
v

Drop Call Rate

106

www.ParsBook.Org

83

www.ParsBook.Org

v Overshooting Handover

v
v

: 6-3-2-2

MS : Handover
.
:

) (

: 6-3-2-3
:
: TCH
: 6-3-2-4

:
: Uplink Downlink

: 6-3-3

(HFR84) Handover

Handover :

Handover Failure Rate

107

www.ParsBook.Org

84

www.ParsBook.Org

: 6-3-3-1
: congestion
:

Handover Fial.

: 6-3-3-2
: LAC,CI,BSIC ,BCCH

: 6-3-4

(SDCCH Congestion) SDCCH

: SDCCH

SDCCH

SDCCH

SMS

Paging

Location Update

: 6-3-5

(TCH Congestion) TCH

TCH .

Handover margin & power budget margin

overshooting

handover 6db .
ping-pong handover .
1800 .

108

www.ParsBook.Org

www.ParsBook.Org

109

www.ParsBook.Org

www.ParsBook.Org

: 7-1
) (7-1 ) (7-2 ) (7-3
.

) : (7-1
-1
ASSET
. .
-2
.
:
v TRX ...
v

Overshooting

110

www.ParsBook.Org

www.ParsBook.Org

v
v
-3
:
v OMC )
(
v ) KPI OPTIMA (
v ) Tems Investigation

(

-4 .
. Network Audit ) (7-2 .
Network Audit : 7-2

) : (7-2

111

www.ParsBook.Org

www.ParsBook.Org

KPI

KPI
KPI .
KPI OPTIMA

: 7-3

): (7-3

112

www.ParsBook.Org

www.ParsBook.Org

:7-3-1
: 7-3-1-1
-1

v excel
v .
v Idle Dedicated .
v KPI

: 7-3-1-2
.
.

KPI KPI :

TCH Assign faikur

Drop call rate

TCH_Available TRX

SDCCH_Congestion

BSC document
.

) (

)
VSWR ( Handover Failure

) (
113

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www.ParsBook.Org

TRX

BSC
BSC 051E Restart Large BSC 8

DCR .
: 7-3-1-3
GSM Handover
6 Handover .
overshoot
Handover handover
Tch_congestion SDCCH_Congestion DCR .
:

) (

)(LAC,CI,BSIC,BCCH

Active & Idle list .

COBCCH

: 7-3-1-4

.
:

BCCH

Overshooting

TCH

:
114

www.ParsBook.Org

www.ParsBook.Org

DOWNTILT

Overshoot

DTX

) High site (

115

www.ParsBook.Org

www.ParsBook.Org

:

)
Dump FileBSC
(

116

www.ParsBook.Org

www.ParsBook.Org

:


.

: 8-1 ) ( dump BSC BKOPT

E dump BSC .text .log

.

Dump

( RLNRP , RLDEP:ext ) command

( ZEAO ) command

Upload

Dump

( RLCFP , RLDEP:int , ) command

( ZEQO ) command

Upload

Dump

( RLCPP ) command

( ZEUO ) command
117

www.ParsBook.Org

www.ParsBook.Org

Upload

Dump Handover

( RLP ) command

( ZEUO ) command

: 8-2

Upload

BKOPT

BSC :
BKOPT :

) Run Prameter
Excel .

) Extract BSC
Excel (

) Network


BCCH BSIC CI LAC

Active & Idle List )

BA List Active Dedicted
Idle Idle (

Active List Idle List

118

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Active List Idle List

Active List Idle List


.

: 8-3

BKOPT

: 8-3-1

)(Dump File

open Log file

) : (8-1

119

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www.ParsBook.Org

: 8-3-2 Datasheet

) : (8-2 Datasheet

: 8-3-3

) : (8-3

120

www.ParsBook.Org

www.ParsBook.Org

: 8-3-4

) : (8-4

: 8-4

BKOPT

: 8-4-1

: 8-4-2

CO-BCCH

121

www.ParsBook.Org

www.ParsBook.Org

: 8-4-3

: 8-4-4

122

www.ParsBook.Org

www.ParsBook.Org

: 8-4-5
BA List .

: 8-4-6 ) (

123

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124

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www.ParsBook.Org

:9-1

.
:
:
-1

-2

Tems Investigation Neptune

-3

KPI Optima

:
-1 Tems

-2 BKOPT

-3 )
(
-4 KPI

v

Overshooting ) (

v Half Rate GSM1800

GSM900

-5 TRX
-6 Cell load sharing HALF RATE
TRHO
REDESIGNE -7

125

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-8 LAC CI

.
-9 900 ) 1800 1800
congestion 900
-10
-11 BTS
Omni

-12 900
congestion 1800 ) co site (
900
1800
-13 900 1800 .
-14
Overshooting

.

: 9-2
: 9-2-1 BSC
: LOG FILE
: BSC
: BSC Large BSC MSC BTS BSC
.
: 8 )(DCR

:
18/4/2005 : Restart

126

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TCH Dropped Connections Rate

BSC51E
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0

4/
1/
20
05
4/
3/
20
05
4/
5/
20
05
4/
7/
20
05
4/
9/
20
05
4/
11
/2
00
5
4/
13
/2
00
5
4/
15
/2
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1) Teach Visual Basic.NET 2003 ,STIVEN HOLZENS , 2003

2) Parsons, J. D. ; Gardiner, J. G.: Mobile Communication Systems, Halsted Press, 1989
3) Qiang Wu, Spring, 2004, Multiple Access and Modulation in GSM , Harvard University
4) GSM Network Performance Management And System Optimization , Aircom
company 2003
5) GSM SYSTEM OVERVIEW , AIRCOM company , 2004
6) Radio Parameter , Nokia Company, 2003
7) Radio Parameter , Ericsson Company,2003
8) Radio Parameter , Siemens Company,2003
9) TEMS Product ver 5.1 .Ericsson 2004
10) GSM Radio Optimization Solution, Motorola ,2003 ,address : www.motorola.com
11) Prof.Bird ,fall 2005 ,Cellular/PCS Network Architecture , http://www.engr.smu.edu/~ebird/
12) Jarno

niemela

,11-october-2004

,GSM/GPRS/UMTS

Planning

Tools

13) Lecture_GSM optimization , Erin Clements,Brod Hohen University of Nebraska

Lincoln 2002
14) Antena Specification , Kathrein
15) Compass GSM/GPRS/EDGE/3G Network Optimization
16) GSM

network

Optimization

&

Radio

Planning

,2003,RiceUniversity,Mahsa

Memarzadeh
17) R. Wattenhofer ,spring 2003 ,GSM Mobile computing , Distributed Computing Group
MOBILE COMPUTING
18) Yi-Bing Lin and Imrich Chlamtac, John Wiley & Sons, 2001, Mobile and Wireless Network
Architectures , ISBN 0-471-39492-0,

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