In 2009, Dr.

Mohammad Zakaria discussed that although working environment

onboard have greatly improved still, numerous physical and psychosocial stresses
affect the mariner. Moreover, Zakaria also stated that one of seafarers
responsibilities is to take care for their own health and consult appropriate officer in
case of any imminent danger. In the article he made in Seaways Magazine in 2009,
Zakaria discoursed several aspects of health matters onboard which also provided
reference for creating questionnaires for this research paper.

Zakaria, M. (2009 February). Health and safe shipping. Seaways, pp.11-26