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Glossary of terms

Alientist Doctor that treated the mentally ill were called this
because it was believed that the mentally ill experienced the self had
become alienated from its own self. Alienist comes from the latin word
alius that means other.
Mad doctor- Also a common term used for doctors that treated the
mentally ill
William Tuke- A Quaker in York who founded the York Retreat. The
York Retreat is one of the few places that focused on being kind to the
patients and minimal use of restraints
Lunacy Act of 1845 This act formed mental health law in England.
This act also included the Commissioners in Lunacy.
McNaghten Case (1843) A criminal case in which the defendant
pleaded not guilty by reason of insanity. Lead to the McNaghten rule
which is a test used to determine if a defendant was sane at the time
the crime was committed.
Pauper lunatic poor people with mental illness. They were sent to
separate asylums than those in higher classes and usually did not
receive as well of treatment.
Bethlem Hospital (Bedlam) First asylum in England. Founded in
1247 as a hospital it became an asylum for the poor and insane by the
16th century. Bedlam is now a term synonymous with crazy.

Hysterical Anorexia- Or sometimes known as anorexia nervosa, it is


quite different from the eating disorder we are familiar with today.
Hysterical anorexia was known as a disease that began as eating
smaller amounts of food and developing to refusal of food.
Psychosurgery The process of opening the brain to remedy mental
illness. These surgeries were performed across Europe and the United
States but were largely unsuccessful. Each doctor had different
methods and reasoning for how and why they operated on the brain.

Victorian Diseases:
Akathisia Inability to sit still
Anhedonia Loss of interest in pleasure
Emotional Delusions Defined by Benedict-Augustin Morel in 1866.
This would be considered the precursor to what we know as anxiety,
panic, and obsessive-compulsive behavior.
Hysterical Anorexia- Or sometimes known as anorexia nervosa, it is
quite different from the eating disorder we are familiar with today.
Hysterical anorexia was known as a disease that began as eating
smaller amounts of food and developing to refusal of food. The disease
was not all linked to body image.
Catatonia- typically associated with other severe disorders, catatonia
was described as decrease in reaction to environment as well as
emotion.

Epilepsy Also called the falling sickness, it was originally considered


a psychological illness. Epileptics with mental illness symptoms often
were sent to asylums.
Hysteria Typically diagnosed of women. It was sometimes used to
explain symptoms that had no medical cause.
Idiocy or Imbecility Mental illness present from birth
Mania- Symptoms opposite of melancholia. Characterized by
symptoms of madness.
Melancholia Typically associated with depression and depressed
functioning.
Narcolepsy- Sudden sleep attacks.
Neurosis- Neuroses were diseases of the nervous system
Premenstrual syndrome Menstrual process is regularly
accompanied by an increase in irritability but for some women it was
so extreme that it was at a pathological level.
Unitary Psychosis Recognized much later as cerebral syphilis.
Antoine-Laurent-Jesse Bayle noted in 1822 the swelling of the
meninges (meningitis) and the psychological affects that followed,
which he called mental derangement. This concept was discussed
and changed throughout the 19th century across Europe.
Wernickes Disease Carl Wernicke proposed in 1881 in a neurology
textbook the disease and described it as a form of death of the brain
tissue.

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