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Sean Kelley
Assignment: Annotated Bibliography
English 231C
March 17th, 2016

Research paper topic: the advent of cloning and its types, uses and dangers in the
modern world.
https://honchemistry.wikispaces.com/The+Three+Types+of+Cloning
Amal. "The Three Types of Cloning." HonChemistry -. Wikispaces, n.d. Web. 17 Mar.
2016
This article is a basic overview of the three different types of cloning that
humans have discovered. The first type of cloning uses recombinant technology
where the DNA is vectorized and replaces the current DNA of a target plasmid which
allows scientists to study the genes more effectively. Reproductive cloning is where
a somatic cell from the target organism and is transferred to an egg cell where
growth is induced and the embryo is placed inside an animals womb. Therapeutic
cloning utilizes the same process as reproductive cloning, but is done to harvest the
stem cells from the clone to help the initial person. This article highlights different
forms of cloning and their different effects and is helpful in understanding cloning.
http://www.animalresearch.info/en/medical-advances/timeline/cloning-dolly-thesheep/
"Cloning Dolly the Sheep." Cloning Dolly the Sheep. Animal Research, n.d. Web. 17
Mar. 2016.

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This article talks about the first reproductively cloned ungulate, Dolly the
sheep. Dolly the sheep was cloned from the somatic cell of the udder of a white
sheep and was the first cloning attempt that proved that animals can be cloned
from a cell regardless of the unique function it served. This was remarkable because
it proved that DNA can be isolated from any somatic body cell and used to create a
cloned specimen. However, complications arose when Dolly died at the premature
age of 6 due to a form of lung tumor. Whether this death was a direct cause of her
environment or cloning is debatable but may suggest problems with reproductive
cloning. This article was helpful in revealing cloning complications and teaching me
about the first mammal cloned.
"U.S. Food and Drug Administration." A Primer on Cloning and Its Use in Livestock
Operations. FDA, n.d. Web. 18 Mar. 2016.
http://www.fda.gov/AnimalVeterinary/SafetyHealth/AnimalCloning/ucm055513.htm
This article identifies a beneficial use of reproductive cloning, in the agriculture
industry. The ideal cow which produces the most milk and is always healthy could
be recreated to last throughout generations and maximizing the profits from their
farm. Along with dairy farms, farms which raise Angus bulls could produce the most
tender and largest bulls on the market with this use of cloning. This cloning could
also extend to the use of the consumer with cloning of hunting and police dogs that
have natural advantages over others of their species. This article helped me
understand the profitable side of utilizing cloning technology in the workforce.

http://healthresearchfunding.org/pros-cons-human-cloning/

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"Pros and Cons of Human Cloning - HRFnd." HRFnd. N.p., 06 Dec. 2013. Web. 17
Mar. 2016.
This article taught me about the ethics of cloning in the modern world and
the effects it may have upon populations and individuals that are cloned. This
article theorizes that humans may cease to live longer due to cells being taken from
an older individual and restricting their growth. However the pros may outweigh the
cons in this case because the use of stem cells could eliminate the defective genes
that cause disorders and syndromes. Stem cells could also end infertility for and
allow the opportunity to raise children for all. Faster recovery time for traumatic
incidents could even restore mobility after car crashes and things of that nature.
This article brought to life real incidents where stem cells and cloning could
negatively affect the human population and with the power to clone would lead to a
greater responsibility.

http://web.mit.edu/hst.160/www/quiz/RecombinantDNAAndCloning.htm
"Recombinant DNA and Cloning." Recombinant DNA and Cloning. MIT, n.d. Web. 17
Mar. 2016.
This article addresses the technology of recombinant DNA and further dives
into the method and benefits from this process. It states that the DNA is amplified
into millions of copies and is able to grow where it could not before which leads to
scientists given the ability to study mutated protein functions and their role in
organisms. In some cases, eukaryotic vectors that grow in yeast can develop to hold
millions of helixes of DNA. The vectors mimic the chromosomal structure of yeast so
they can develop as rapidly as yeast develops. This article showed me the details of

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recombinant DNA cloning and helped me understand the role this process plays in
cloning.

http://www.explorestemcells.co.uk/therapeuticcloning.html
Murnaghan, Ian. "Therapeutic Cloning." Therapeutic Cloning. UK, n.d. Web. 17 Mar.
2016.
This website states the process, benefits and concerns regarding the process
of Therapeutic Cloning. The article simplifies the process into a transfer of DNA from
a somatic cell into a nucles where the nucleus develops the somatic cell into a
pluripotent mass of stem cells. These pluripotent cells can be used to grow into any
organ or type of cell in the body. The downside of the attempt at this process is the
ludicrous cost. In order to create a potent egg, many attempts will be needed and
each raises the cost. This article taught me that cloning is not always foolproof and
that stem cell cloning may be able to reach widespread use if a cheaper variant
arises.
https://cbhd.org/cloning/position-statement
The Center for Bioethics & Human Dignity. "Human Cloning: The Need for a
Comprehensive Ban | The Center for Bioethics & Human Dignity."Human Cloning: The
Need for a Comprehensive Ban | The Center for Bioethics & Human Dignity. TIU, n.d.
Web. 18 Mar. 2016.

This article was about all of the controversy surrounding the advent of cloning. The
majority of the consensus is down to the religious aspect as many will agree it is
unethical to possess this power. Another point that they have is that by cloning

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people, you are creating them for the purpose of experimentation and that human
beings should have a right not to be born into this environment. Also many view the
use of embryos for experimentation the same way abortion is seen in this country,
because the use of these embryos require them to be destroyed through usage.