Persisten

ce of
Vision
Of Vision

This is
is aa way
way in
in which
which
This
the human
human eye
eye has
has the
the
the ability
to retain
ability
to retain
images
images
for
a
fraction
for a fraction of around
of around
0.04Its seen
0.04
seconds.
seconds.
Its illusion
seen as
as
an optical
an optical
illusion
where
multiple
images
where
multiple
are
blended
together to
images
are
blended
create the look of just
together
to This
create
the
one
image.
means
look its
of just
one blend
that
a subtle
image.
means
of
what This
actually
that its a subtle
happening
now and
blend
of
what
actually
whats happened
a
happening
now
and
fraction of a second
whats happened a
ago.
fraction of a second
ago.
Remember the
pictures as one
blending together. So
the final images you
will see a bird in a
cage. Its believed to
be the explanation for
motion perception
within cinematic and
animated films.

Frame rates
The frame rates are
where a number of
images that will be
taken per second, its
measured in what we
call frames per second
(fps). The more frames
you have recorded per
second, the more
accurate your motion
will turn out to be. In
terms of animation the
amount of frame rates
come in the numbers of
12, 24, 30 and 60 fps.
However when the
frame ratings are too
low, your mind will
immediately no longer
be convinced that the
movie that has been
produced is continuous.
The production will
appear to jump
throughout making it
less smooth with the
motion, its called
Strobing.
You can play frames

This is mainly used for

clay animation, this is
due to the fact that
clay models are easier
due to their movable
joints. Other objects
can be used within
stop motion as well
like humans, house
hold appliances and
other things for the
use of comedic effect.
Its where the
movement of an
object is captured one
frame at a time, with
the use of physical
objects moving
slightly throughout
each frame. When you
play it back the rapid
movement of the
sequence will create
the illusion of
movement.
Using armatures
The use of armatures
is being able to use a
basic sculpting figure.
With this frame work it
can be provide
through materials like

Joseph Antoine
Ferdinand Plateau
(14thOctober 1801 and
died on the 15th
September 1883) was a
Belgian physicist he was
the First person to
demonstrate the illusion
of moving images, this
was used through
rotating discs in which
was repeated drawn
images in small
increments of motion.
This was called the
Phenakistoscope. The
phenakistope was
regarded as the first
form of moving media
entertainment. The
spinning disc attached
vertically to a handle
that had a series of
animated drawings, that
was cut through a radial
splits. Then through the
movement of fast
motion it allows a rapid
succession of images
that appear as one
single moving image.
William George Horner
(1786 and died on
September 22 1837) -

Eadward Muybridge
April
The Pioneers
of
9 1830 May 8 1904.
Due to being a
Animation
photographer he had a
th

th

great about of knowledge

on the photographic
studies of motion. His
pioneering work on animal
locomotion in 1877 to 1878
this used multiple cameras
to capture motion in stopmotion photographs.
Muybridge created the
Zoopraxiscope,
it is a
Lumiere Brothers Auguste
Marie Louis
device that is used for
Nicolas (October 19thprojecting
1862 April
10 and preimages
th 1864
dated the5flexible
1954) and Louis Jean (October
perforated filmstrip used in
June 6th 1948). They are
the first
cinematography.
This early
filmmakers in history. device
Their first
film
was
was able to project
considered to be the first
true
motion
images from
rotating glass
picture. It was called Sortie
de
lusine
disks in rapid succession
Lumiere de Lyon. It was
shotus
in the
1895.It
is
giving
impression
of
believed their first film
was
actually
motion. The images were
produced on glass with the
use of paint known as
silhouettes. However in the
early 1880s they were
able to become drawings
that were printed on to the
disc and then colored by
hand.
Emile Reynaud CharlesEmile Raynaud was a
French inventor and was

Animation Developers
Ray Harryhausen - visual
effects creator,
Willis OBrien
best writer and
producer
created
remembered
for who
his work
on a form
of non-stop
model
King Kong
(1933) and
Theanimation
Lost
known
Dynamation.
World (1925), and Mighty JoeHis
memorable
animation
was
Young (1949)
for which
he won
Mightyaward,
Joe Young
in the year of
an academy
for best
1949. He
also involved
visual effects.
Hewas
created
the
with
the
creation
of
Mighty Joe
movement in King Kong
(1949)
throughYoung
the use
of anwith his mentor
Willis.
OBrien,
who won the
armature
thatH.was
covered
academy
Best Visual
with hair,
and heaward
movesfor
the
th
The
7 time
Voyage
body a effects:
slight bit
at a
and of
and the
takes aSinbad
picture.(1958),
This isJason
showing
Argonauts
(1963)
and then his
the effect
of how stop
motion
very and
last straight
film Clash of the
works then
(1981).
In the
1930s
throughTitians
to today.
He said
that
1940s after
the development
of him
stopseeing king
for the
time he then
motionKong
technique
offirst
pixilation
spent hisit.early
years
and developed
So that
other
experimenting
the
animators
can carry oninhis
work. production of small short
animated films inspired by
In 1915Burgeoning
OBrien made
his science
first
of the
film called
thegenre.
Dinosaur and
fiction
the missing Link: A Prehistoric
he became
tragedy1950s
for the budget
of fully in
of Edison
the technical
$5,000.charge
Thomas
was effects
of the film
Thehis
Beast
from
very impressed
with
short
20,000
Fathoms
(1953) which
film that
he then
hired him
development
into thebegan
Edison
Company under the

Chaparral Pro LightChaparral Pro

Light

Contemporary
All of their stop motion films are
Animators
among
the highestgrossing stop
It was filmed
in black
and white.
motion
films:
this isFired
due to
After this was
create
Disney
popular
of theirs
like
Burton, under
thefilms
pretext
of him
As well as being the
spreadingChicken
the Run.companies
stop
filmwas
motion
resources highest
on a film
that
too of all
time. for a kids viewing.
dark and scary

Tim Burton
An American writer, artist,
producer, film director and
animator. He is best known for
his dark, gothic and quirky
fantasy films like Beetlejuice
(1988), The animated film The
Nightmare Before Christmas
(1993), Corpse Bride (2005),
Sweeny Todd: The Demon Barber
of Fleet street (2007), Alice in
Wonderland (2010) etc.
In the early 1980s Stalk of the
Celery Monster attracted the
attention of Walt Disney
animation department, which
offered Tim Burton an animators
apprenticeship. This then gave
him the opportunity to work as
an animator, creating storyboard
artists and concept artists on
films like Fox and the Hound
(1981).

19721996: Aardman
was found
Beetlejuice
(1988)

after
1972 by
a low budget
directing inhorror
series
Alfred project
Peter Lord
and
David
Hitchcock by
Presents
and
Shelley
Sproxton.
had The
a
Duvalls Faerie
Tale They
Theatre.
that provided
came to partnership
make the supernatural
animated sequences for the BBC
series for death children Vision
on
They Created a segment called
Greeblies in 1975 using clay
animation this then inspired the
creation of Morph a simple clay
character. At this time Aardman
was also creating the title
sequences for shows like The
AardmanGreat Egg Race and multiple
award
winning
music videos like
Is a British
animation
Studio
PeterinGabriels
songare
thats based
Bristol. They
Sledgehammer
Later then
known for
making stop motion
began
to create a number of
films with
clay animation
shorts
for channel
4 including the
techniques.
Particularly
those
featuringConversations
plasticise so pieces series.
characters
like Wallace
and
1997-2006:
Aardman
and
DreamWorks teamed up to fianc

The Variety of Genre and The Nightmare Before Christmas

is an animated fantasy musical
Form within the media
and body
movement
that
mainly
aimed at
adults. Since
Hand
Drawn
Animation
has
originally
be
drawn
by
industry
the movie is produced
by Tim
.

This type of animation is seen

as the Classical this is because
it is the oldest and the most
popular form of animation. Each
frame is drawn by hand showing
the details and features needed
to create emotion towards the
piece without any speech.
Companies like Disney they are
ones who use this type of
popular animation when putting
together a film production. For
example the way the character
is portrayed it must be shown
through overtime of frame to
create that look of movement.
So that means drawing each
small movement over and over

Over time and is actual able to

create detailed animated
characters. Showing each

hand. Each
smallest
bit of
Burton
it will obviously
be a bit
movement
is
drawn
to
get
weird. The style of the
the animation
to move
animation
is strange because
aroundthe
when
each
is
features picture
of the characters
added are
up. extremely exaggerated and

their mannerisms
Stop Motion
Animation are odd; this
can only be depicted with
With this
type of animation it
animation.
is able to manipulate real
world objects and
photographing
each small
Advertising
movement to create the
is sometimes
used in
illusionAnimation
of Movement.
An
advertising
to make a product
example
of this is Edward
stand stop
out; animation
Muybridges
motion of is usually
Cinemaused when advertising products
thatisalready
well
Animation
a greatare
form
ofknown
a highitcost and
film forbecause
childrenit's
because
can't
easy tomost
keepcompanies
the attention
of afford it.
Cola
obviously can thought
a child Coca
with an
animated
because
they there
createisa lot of
film. With
animation
animated
adverts.
no limits
so anything
is The animated
adverts
originally
possible
and this
is greatused to be
saved for
Christmas adverts
when making
childrens
where Santa
things because
theyClause
like to is usually
delivering
watch things
thatbottles
captureof the drink.
However Coca
has invested
their imagination
withCola
things
in creating
that cannot
possibly exist. A
very extravagant adverts for

Music Video
Mobile Phones
Animation
is used
in music
Computer
games
All
There
are
number
ofare
mobile
videos
toamake
them
more
computer
games
phones
that and
incorporate
interesting
across
animated
butget
there
are
animations
into their
device;
themany
songsdifferent
message
more.
ways
to
usually
phones
Oneanimate
ofthese
the most
famous
to
give
itare
a
smartphones,
iPhones
animated
music
videos
is
particular feel for aand
Windows
phones.
For
example
obviously
Take
on
me
by
particular
genre.
For
on
the
Windows
phone
there
Aha.
The
song
is
about
twoa
example
when
creating
ispeople
anhorror
Xbox
Live
and but
when
who
fallapp
in
love
game
it is
itone
is pinned
toman
the
page
day the
has
important
thathome
theytoget
the
persons
peeks
leave
so he avatar
promises
thatat
he
the
of thefor
icon.
willside
be back
her This
one is
day.
quite
coolday
animation
and it
Thenaone
he discovers
has been made to make the
app stand out more opposed
to if it was just a still image.