Ejemplo:

En el cuadro adjunto se presenta el registro histrico de las descargas mximas de un

determinado ro. Realizar el estudio de las descargas mximas.
ESTACIN X
AO

RO X
DESCARGAS MXIMAS
(M3/Seg)

1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1780
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985

49.50
70.30
65.40
32.60
75.40
86.90
101.50
50.30
75.60
98.40
104.90
65.40
56.90
49.30
75.90
86.40
103.40
98.60
90.40
39.60
52.40
85.60
72.90
49.70

EJEMPLO:

APLICANDO METODO DE GUMBELL TIPO I

ORDENANDO LOS CAUDALES DE MAYOR A MENOR
ORDEN

AO

Q.MAX

P=M/N+1

T=1/P

(QO- Q)2

01
02
03
04
05

1972
1978
1968
1979
1971

104.90
103.40
101.50
98.60
98.40

0.04
0.08
0.12
0.16
0.20

25.00
12.50
8.33
6.25
5.00

1056.90
961.62
847.398
686.96
676.52

06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24

1980
1967
1977
1983
1976
1970
1966
1984
1963
1964
1973
1974
1982
1969
1985
1962
1975
1981
1965

90.40
86.90
86.40
85.60
75.90
75.60
75.40
72.90
70.30
65.40
65.40
56.90
52.40
50.30
49.70
49.50
49.30
39.60
32.60

Q max

0.24
0.28
0.32
0.36
0.40
0.44
0.48
0.52
0.56
0.60
0.64
0.68
0.72
0.76
0.80
0.84
0.88
0.92
0.96

4.17
3.57
3.13
2.78
2.50
2.27
2.08
1.92
1.79
1.67
1.56
1.47
1.39
1.32
1.25
1.19
1.14
1.09
1.04

1737.30

Caudal Medio Mximo.

Q max
Q = _________
n

1737.30
_________
24

= 72.39 m3 / seg

14 216.98
= ____________
23

= 24.86

Q = 72.39 m3 / seg.

Desviacin Estndar.
( Q1 Q ) 2
= ___________
n1
= 24.86

324.36
210.54
196.28
174.50
12.32
10.30
9.06
0.2601
4.37
48.86
48.86
239.94
3989.60
487.97
517.84
523.95
533.15
1075.18
1583.24
= 14 216.98

Factor de Frecuencia.
Y - Yn
K = ___________
n
Y = Ln { -Ln (1 P) }
Y = Ln { -Ln (1 0.04) }
Y = 3.19

Para el calculo de Yn, n, se utiliza el siguiente cuadro:

N
Yn
n

10
0.50
0.95

20
0.52
1.06

30
0.54
1.11

40
0.54
1.14

50
0.55
1.16

Interpolando para n = 24 tendremos

Para Yn

Para n

20
24
30

20
24
30

0.52
x
0.54

Yn = 0.528

n = 1.08

Por lo tanto :
La ecuacin de Q ser :

1.06
x
1.11

Q = 72.39 + 24.86K

100
0.56
1.22

200
0.57
1.24

Ejemplo:
DISTRIBUCIN DE LOG-PEARSON TIPO III

N.

AO

CAUDALES
(M3/S)

LOG.Q

(LOG Q-LOG Q)2 (LOG Q-LOG Q)3

01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24

1972
1978
1968
1979
1971
1980
1967
1977
1983
1976
1970
1966
1984
1963
1964
1973
1974
1982
1969
1985
1962
1975
1981
1965

104.90
103.40
101.50
98.60
98.40
90.40
86.90
86.40
85.60
75.90
75.60
75.40
72.90
70.30
65.40
65.40
56.90
52.40
50.30
49.70
49.50
49.30
39.60
32.60

2.021
2.015
2.006
1.994
1.993
1.956
1.939
1.937
1.932
1.880
1.879
1.877
1.863
1.847
1.816
1.816
1.755
1.719
1.702
1.696
1.695
1.693
1.598
1.513

0.02595
0.02398
0.02155
0.01801
0.01777
0.00931
0.00625
0.00590
0.00530
0.00042
0.00036
0.000313
0.0000093
0.00016
0.00194
0.00194
0.00194
0.01970
0.02500
0.02667
0.02725
0.02783
0.06864
0.12004

0.00418
0.00371
0.00316
0.00242
0.00237
0.00090
0.00050
0.00045
0.00039
0.00001
0.0000067
0.0000055
0.000000028
-0.0000021
-0.000086
-0.000086
-0.00114
-0.00276
-0.00395
-0.00436
-0.00450
-0.00464
-0.01798
-0.04159

P= 1.86

0.46334

-0.06299

44.64
Log Q =

= 1.86
24

Log. Q = 1.86

Clculo de la desviacin estndar:

Log Q =

(Log Q Log Q)2

n-1
0.46334

 Log Q =

= Log Q = 0.142
23

Clculo del coeficiente de asimetra:

n (Log Q Log Q)3
Ag =

24 ( -0.06299)3
=

(n-1) (n-2) ( Log Q)3

23 x 22 (0.142)3

Ag = -1.043
RIO

SERIE

Log Q

Ag

anual

1.86

0.142

1.043

ECUACIN LOG Q:
Log Q = Log Q + Log Q x K
Log Q = 1.86 + 0.142 K
De la tabla obtenemos K
Interpolando para Ag = 1.043