Randy Suydam

Professor Thomas
UWRT 1102
13 March 2016
Annotated Bibliography
Reflection:
"Knee Injuries." - Sports Medicine. Midwest Orthopaedics, n.d. Web. 15 Mar.
2016. Egrabin. "Torn MCL Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment |
Sports Knee Therapy." Sports Knee Therapy. Sports Knee Therapy,
21 Oct. 2014. Web. 15 Mar. 2016.
Direct Quotes:

As the largest joint in the body, the knee is essential for competing in
almost every sport, but it is also the most common site for injury in young
athletes. Overall, knee injuries make up about 55% of all sports injuries. The
knee is formed by the convergence of three bones: the femur (upper leg
bone), the tibia (lower leg bone) and the patella (kneecap). In athletes, the
most common acute injuries are ACL and MCL sprains. Athletes who play
soccer, field hockey, gymnastics, lacrosse, skiing, snowboarding and
volleyball are most susceptible to ACL injuries, while MCL injuries are
commonly seen in hockey and wrestling. Other sports such as cycling, rugby,
running, swimming and water polo are generally more affected by overuse

injuries. Symptoms of a knee injury may vary. Symptoms that often coincide
with knee pain include:
Swelling and stiffness
Warmth and redness
Limping or instability
Inability to fully straighten the knee
"Locking" of the knee

In conclusion, knee injuries are very common in athletes. Knee injuries

also need to be taken seriously. All athletes need to be aware about injuries and
conscious to prevent them.
"Knee Injuries." - Sports Medicine. Midwest Orthopaedics, n.d. Web. 15 Mar.
2016. Egrabin. "Torn MCL Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment |

Sports Knee Therapy." Sports Knee Therapy. Sports Knee Therapy,

21 Oct. 2014. Web. 15 Mar. 2016.

Direct Quotes:

One big piece of preventing ACL tears is to focus on both the ankle and
hip joints, strange as that may seem. Knees basically go where the ankles
and hips send them, so prehabilitation measures focus on those areas.
Surprisingly, about 70% of ACL tears in young athletes occur during noncontact events. Female athletes are between 3 and 8 times more likely than
males to tear their ACL. Although all youth sports have some level of ACL
injuries, soccer and basketball have the most for girls playing sports. For
boys, it is football and lacrosse.

Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Lag8uNU6AQ

This website includes factual information. This also includes ways to prevent the
injuries from happening so much, which means this supports the we can prevent
knee injuries side. It has doctors opinions which gives me an opinionative
source instead of just straight facts. To summarize this site. Knee injuries are
only preventable if you strengthen the joints and muscles around it. They say
Females are more likely to have knee injuries because they are not as strong as
men, which means that their joints and muscles around the knee area are not
strong enough to protect them from knee injuries.

"Preventing Knee Injuries With Youth Strength Training Programs." N.p., n.d.
Web.

Direct Quotes:

The knee is the largest joint in the body. The upper and lower bones of the
knee are separated by two discs (menisci). The upper leg bone (femur) and
the lower leg bones (tibia and fibula) are connected by ligaments, tendons,
and muscles. The surface of the bones inside the knee joint is covered by
articular cartilage, which absorbs shock and provides a smooth, gliding
surface for joint movement.

Sudden (acute) injuries may be caused by a direct blow to the knee or

from abnormal twisting, bending the knee, or falling on the knee. Pain,
bruising, or swelling may be severe and develop within minutes of the injury.

Treatment for a knee problem or injury may include first aid measures, rest,
bracing, physical therapy, medicine, and, in some cases, surgery. Treatment

depends on the location, type, and severity of the injury as well as your age,
health condition, and activity level. In conclusion, knee injuries are not always
preventable but you can do certain exercises and treatments to reduce the
chance of it happening to you.
Chiaia, Theresa. "ACL Injury Prevention Tips and Exercises: Stay Off the
Sidelines!" Https://www.hss.edu/conditions_acl-injury-preventionstay-off-sidelines.asp. N.p., 24 Mar. 2009. Web. 29 Mar. 2016.
Direct Quotes:

No one wants to get sidelined with an ACL injury. Ankle sprains and
injuries to the knee, particularly ACL injuries (anterior cruciate ligament)
are common in young athletes. Is there anything you can do to prevent
yourself from missing valuable playing time? Absolutely!

Learn how to move with good alignment so you protect your knees.
Develop body awareness, strength, and balance to support your knees
and ankles. Always jump, land, stop, and move with your knees directly
over your feet. Do NOT let your knees collapse inward. Develop strength
in your hips and thighs. Warm up and stretch before games and practice.
Perform a variety of drills until the movement patterns are second nature
and you dont have to think about it. Say to yourself:

Chest high and over knees

Bend from the hips and knees

Knees over toes

Toes straight forward

Land like a feather

Successful injury prevention programs may differ in specific exercises and

drills but they share a common focus: improving flexibility, strength
(particularly of the core, hips, and legs), balance, agility, and your ability to

jump and land safely.

This website is all about knee injury prevention and how to do it. It lists multiple
ways you can stretch and prepare your body for times where you might need to
have a stable and flexible lower body, which includes your thighs, calves hips,
and your core. It doesnt just show you how to do the exercises but it tells you
why you should do it. I will be using this in my paper to show that their are many
ways to decrease the chances of you getting a knee injury.
Souryal, Dr. SPORTS MEDICINE, KNEE/ACL SURGERY, TEXAS SPORTS
MEDICINE. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Mar. 2016.
<http://www.txsportsmed.com/acl.php>.
Direct Quotes:
How do ACL tears occur? Dr. Souryal: Can ACL tears be prevented?
Dr. Souryal: That's the $64,000 question. These injuries are so rampant. There's
not a good way to prevent them. We can make some recommendations: Be sure
you stretch before, during and after an activity, and get those hamstrings,

quadriceps and muscle-tendon units flexible so they can absorb shock. Strength
and endurance training is helpful. Most physicians recommend cross-training,
because you not only develop the pure strength component but also the
endurance component. That will help you in the fourth quarter of a basketball
game or the second half of a soccer game. Use common sense: When you get
extremely tired and your legs feel like lead pipes, that is not the time to attempt a
360 dunk. Muscles are wonderful shock absorbers. There's split-second timing
that's required for a plant and a cut, and a jump and a landing, where the
muscles can absorb that shock. When you're fatigued, that split-second timing is
lost, and you don't necessarily have the quads strength to absorb the shock
when you come down from a rebound.

Are certain athletes predisposed to the injury? Dr. Souryal: My

study was the first to describe the link between bony anatomy and ACL
tears and to describe the way of measuring it. We found that a certain
segment of the population has a bone structure that predisposes them
to an ACL tear. The ACL and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) live in a
tunnel at the end of your thigh bone. If that tunnel is very narrow (which
you can detect by X-ray), then there's no room for the ACL to maneuver
in cutting activity, and those people are at 26 times more risk of tearing
an ACL.

Can ACL tears be prevented? Dr. Souryal: That's the $64,000 question. These
injuries are so rampant. There's not a good way to prevent them. We can make
some recommendations: Be sure you stretch before, during and after an activity,
and get those hamstrings, quadriceps and muscle-tendon units flexible so they
can absorb shock. Strength and endurance training is helpful. Most physicians
recommend cross-training, because you not only develop the pure strength
component but also the endurance component. That will help you in the fourth

quarter of a basketball game or the second half of a soccer game. Use common
sense: When you get extremely tired and your legs feel like lead pipes, that is not
the time to attempt a 360 dunk. Muscles are wonderful shock absorbers. There's
split-second timing that's required for a plant and a cut, and a jump and a
landing, where the muscles can absorb that shock. When you're fatigued, that
split-second timing is lost, and you don't necessarily have the quads strength to
absorb the shock when you come down from a rebound.

I really like this source. I wouldnt call it a website, i would call it more of a blog.
The only reason why is because this site is 100% opinion based and the
paragraphs are in question and answer style. This is very helpful to me because i
need more professional opinions than other people. I will use this a lot because it
doesnt take on side of the argument, it supports both sides.
Patient Story: ACL and Meniscus Tears. N.p., Sept. 2014. Web. 29 Mar. 2016.
<http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=A00736>.

Direct Quotes:

During tryouts for her school softball team, 14-year-old athlete April Potter
jumped to catch a fly ball. She landed badly, severely spraining her left
knee. Four days later, April's older sister also sustained a knee injury,
tearing her anterior cruciate ligament, or ACL. April's parents noticed that
her pain and mobility were similar to her sister's, and were concerned that
her injury was more severe than originally thought. "We brought April to a
different doctor," her father Jeff recalls, "and ultimately learned she had
torn her ACL as well."

"The ACL experiences illuminated the potential for a genetic predisposition

for the girls in our family to experience an ACL injury," Jeff says. "We are
now aware of the physiology and the posture of a female body in action
and the danger of an ACL tear."

The Potters would like to see a national focus on ACL injury prevention
and awareness programs for female athletes. "Research and development
of new surgical techniques as well as advanced rehabilitation strategies
will ultimately benefit the patient and society by helping the patient
become productive and active sooner," Jeff says.

.
This site basically is about knee injury stories. I chose this story because she is
very interested in researching about knee injuries and prevention programs. Im
also using this article because it has very useful information about the process
and the postoperative information.

Cimini, Rich, Jeff Legwold, and Josh Weinfuss. 'ACL Family' Members Say Jordy
Nelson Faces Physical, Mental Challenges. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Mar.
2016. <http://espn.go.com/nfl/story/_/id/13525635/nfl-players-toreacls-say-jordy-nelson-faces-mental-physical-challenges>.

Direct Quotes:

Torn ACLs are the most common cause of NFL players being sidelined for
the entire regular season before a game has even been played. So far this
offseason -- from Jacksonville Jaguars first-round pick Dante Fowler on
the first day of rookie minicamp through Dallas Cowboys cornerback
Orlando Scandrickon Tuesday -- 25 players have suffered torn ACLs. It
happened to 22 players last offseason and 31 the year before, according

to the ACL Recovery Club.

This article helps people understand that even the most in shape people can
have this happen to them without even getting touched.