Kidth; gp.

Kfk;kJ a+Rg;
,izg;Nguhrphpah; jkpo;j;Jiw
rp. mg;Jy; `f;fpk; fy;Y}hp
Nky;tprhuk;

rPwhg;Guhzj;Js; Gwg;nghUs; kuGfs;

,uz;lhapuk; Mz;LfSf;F Kd;Ng nkhopf;Fk; ,yf;fpaj;jpw;Fk; ,yf;fzk; tFj;j ngUik rhd;wth;
njhy;fhg;gpadhh;. gz;ilj; jkpo; kf;fspd; tho;tpay; fsQ;rpakhfj; jpfOk; njhy;fhg;gpak; kf;fspd; kdTzh;Tfis
ntspg;gLj;Jk; kdtpay; Ruq;fkhfTk; jpfo;tJ. njhy;fhg;gpadhh; tFj;j tho;tpay; kuGfs; mtUf;Fg; gpd;ndOe;j
,yf;fpaq;fspYk; ,ioNahb gjpTfshfj; jpfo;e;J rpwe;Js;sikiaf; fhzKbfpd;wJ. mq;qdk; rpwg;Gw;wike;j
njhy;fhg;gpak; $Wk; Gwg;nghUs; kuGfs; ckWg;Gyth; jk; fhg;gpakhd rPwhg;Guhzj;jp;y; Gije;J
fhzg;gLfpd;wd. mj;jd;ikj;jha jkpopyf;fz kugpy; ntspte;j rPwhg;Guhzj;jpy; Gwg;nghUs; kugpidj;
njhy;fhg;gpadhhpd; Nfhl;ghLfSf;Nfw;gf; fhg;gpa khe;jh;fspd; thapyhf ,ay;Nghlikj;Js;shh; ckWg;Gyth;.
,j;jF rpwg;G tha;e;j rPwhg;Guhzj;Js; Kfk;kJ egpath;fs; Nkw;nfhz;l /gp[hh; Nghh; (fp.gp. 585) gj;U Nghh;
(fp.gp.624) c`j; (fp.gp 625) mfo;g; Nghh; (fp.gp. 627) Nghd;w tuyhw;Wr; rpwg;Gkpf;f Nghh; epfo;Tfs;
Kf;fpakhditahFk;. ,g;Nghh;fs; ,];yhkpa tuyhw;wpd; njhlf;fkhf mike;jNjhL kl;Lky;yhky;
epiyg;Ngw;wpidAk; cs;slf;fpag; Nghh; epfo;Tfshfj; jpfo;ejd vdyhk;. muG ehl;bid ikakhff; nfhz;like;j
,t;tPuAfg; Nghh;fs; gpw;fhyj;J vOe;j rPwhg;Guhzg; Nghh;g;glyq;fSf;F ghLnghUshf mike;jd. mq;qdk;
mike;j Nghh;g;glyq;fis ckWg;Gyth; njhy;fhg;gpadhhpd; Gwj;jpizfspd; $wg;gl;Ls;s Nghh; kuGfSf;Nfw;g
mikj;Jr; rpwf;f nra;Js;shh; vd;gij Ma;Nthk;.

tuyhw;wpd; top NghUf;fhd fhuzq;fs;

rPwhtpy; Kfk;kJ egpath;fspd; tho;tpy; epfo;j;jpa ngUk;ghyhd Nghh;fs; ahtw;iwAk; thpirg;gl je;J
jd;dpfuw;W tpsq;Ffpwhh; ckWg;Gyth;. ,];yhkpa tuyhw;Wj; njhlf;fkhd fp.gp. mWE}w;W
,Ugj;jpuz;bypUe;J (`p[;hp Mz;Lj; njhlf;fk;) ,];yhk; jd; khh;f;ff; Nfhl;ghLfis ,t;Tyfpy; epiyepWj;Jtjw;fhf
vjph;nfhz;l ,d;dy;fs; gw;gy. gy;NtW #oy;fspy; ,d;dy;fs; Nghh;fshfTk; cUg;ngw;W tuyhw;W
epfo;Tfshapd. ‘egpj;Jtj;jpw;Fg; gpd; egpfs; ehafj;jpd; ngUikAk; GfOk; ehSf;F ehs; ngUfp tUtijf; fz;l
Fiwrpah;fs; (kf;fhthrpfs;) jq;fs; nry;thf;Fk; Nkd;ikAk;> kjpg;Gk; tPo;r;rpAWk; vdg; gae;jdh;’1 vdNt
‘nghwhikAk; NfhgKk; nfhz;l Fiwrpah;fs; egpfs; ehafj;ijAk; K];ypk;fisAk; mopj;njhopf;f KbT
nra;jdh;’2; ,jdhy; K];ypk;fSf;Fk;
egpath;fSf;Fk; kf;fhtpYs;s ,iw epuhfhpg;ghsh;fs; mstpyh Jd;gq;fisf; nfhLj;J te;jhh;fs;. K];ypk;fs;
kjPdhtpw;F te;j gpwFk; me;epuhfhpg;Nghh; K];ypk;fs; kPJ vy;iy kPWtij epWj;jpf; nfhs;stpy;iy. jq;fspd;
nfhLuj;jdk; kw;Wk; mopr;rhl;baq;fis Kbj;Jf; nfhs;stpy;iy. ,jdhy; K];ypk;fs; jq;fisg; ghJfhj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;fhd
jw;fhg;Gg; Nghh;fspy; <Lgl;lhh;fs;. Mjyhy; ‘Kfk;kJ egp tho;e;j fhyj;jpy; eilngw;w Nghh;fs; ahTk;
jw;fhg;gf;fhf ele;jit vd;gJ nts;spilkiy. vjph;j;jth;fis mog;gjd;W mz;zyhhpd; Nehf;fk;. mth;fisg;
gytPdg;gLj;Jjy;> el;GwT> cld;gbf;if vd;gNj egpath;fspd; cah;gz;G eyd; vd;gJ GydhfpwJ. Kfk;kJ
egpath;fs; tho;tpy; gy fhuzq;fSf;fhfg; gy fhyfl;lq;fspy; ,g;Nghh;fs; epfo;e;jd’3 ,j;jF Nghh;fis tuyhw;wpd;
mbg;gilapy; rPwhtpy; ghbAs;s jpwk; Nghw;WjYf;FhpaJ.

ntl;rpj;jpiz
gilapy; cs;s Kd;dzp tPuh;fs; Nte;jdpd; fl;lisg;gb may;ehl;by; cs;s gRf;$l;lj;ijf; ifg;gw;WtJk;
mg;gRf; $l;lj;ijf; fhg;ghw;WtJk; ntl;rpj; jpizapd; ,yf;fzk; MFk; ,jidj; njhy;fhg;gpdhh;>
“Nte;J tpLKizQh; Ntw;Wg;Gyf; fstpd;
Mje;J xk;gy; Nktw;whFk;”4
vd;Dk; E}w;ghtpy; ntl;rpapd; ,yf;fzj;ij tpsf;fpAs;shh;. jdp kdpjh;fs; epfo;j;jpa ,g;Nghh; ehsiltpy; ,uz;L
murh;fs; NghhplKide;j NghJ mjd; Kjd; epiyahf Mepiu fth;jy; vd;w epiyf;F khwpaJ vd;W nfhs;syhk;.
Kfk;kJ egpath;fspd; Mizg;gb> ry;kh> wghF> nghJtd; Mfpa %tUk; Mepiufis Nka;f;ff; fhgh vd;w
,lj;jpw;F te;jhh;fs;. ,jid mwpe;j fj;Jghd; $l;lj;ijr; rhh;e;j mg;Jy; uFkhDk; ehw;gJ tPuh;fSk; nghJtidf;
nfhd;W epiu fth;e;J nrd;w nra;jp fpRwj;Jf; fhz;lk; ry;kh nghUj glyj;jpy; gj;J ghly;fspy; 5 tpthpj;Jf;
Ngrg;gLfpwJ.
fj;Jghd; $l;lj;jpdh; te;J fhgh vd;w ,lj;jpypUe;j Mepiufisr; Rw;wp tisj;J> nghJtid ntl;b Mepiufs;
midj;Jk; xd;W Nrh;j;J nkhj;jkhff; fth;e;J nrd;whh;fs; vd;gij>

“te;Jfh ghtpw; nrwpe;jpL epiuiar;

Rw;wpdh; tise;jdh; Nrhhp
rpe;jplg; nghJtd; wiyjfh;e;j Njhl
ntl;bdh; nrOe;jpwy; tPuh;
fe;Jf ele;jpf; fhypf sidj;Jk;
tt;tpdh; fiye;jiy ahkw;
ge;jpge; jpajh elj;jjpdh; fple;j
gzpj;jiy eLq;fpl td;Nw”6
vd;Dk; ghlYs; Mepiu fth;jy; vd;w Gwg;nghUs; ntl;rpj; jpizj;Jiwia muG ehl;Lg; Nghh; tpidfspy; ,izj;Jf;
fhl;Lk; Gyth; ckWtpd; jpwd; ghuhl;Lf;FhpajhFk;.

fue;ijj; jpiz
Mepiufis ,oe;j tPuh;fs; mt;thepiufis kPl;L tUtjw;Fr; nry;th;. ,J epiukPl;ly; vdg;gLk; fue;ijj;
jpizahFk;. ,ijj; jdpj;jpizahff; fUjp> Gwg;nghUs; ntz;ghkhiy ,yf;fzk; je;Js;sJ. njhy;fhg;gpak; fue;ij vd;gij
ntl;rpj; jpizAs; mlq;fpa gphpthfr; Rl;LfpwJ. Mjyhy; ‘ntl;rpapd; cl;gphpT fUjp mjw;Fhpa Jiwfis kl;Lk;
Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shh;’7
 Mepiuiaf; fth;e;J nrd;w nra;jpia tpy;tPuh; ry;kh Kfk;kJ egpaplk; $WkhW wghF vd;w gzpahsUf;Ff;
fl;lisapLfpd;whh;. gpd;dh; jdpnahUtuhf epd;W epiu fth;e;J nry;Yk; fj;Jghd; $l;lj;jhiuj; njhlh;e;J nrd;W
mth;fspy; rpyiuf; nfhd;W> gyiuf; fhag;gLj;jp mth; clikfisAk; fth;e;J fhl;ba ngUtPuk; ,Ugj;J xd;gJ 8
ghly;fspy; tpthpj;J Ngrg;gLfpd;wJ.
NkYk; ry;kh mth;fs; NfhghNtrj;NjhL tpLj;j mk;gpdhy; epiy Fiye;J Nghd gifth;fs; Mepiufis tpl;L
tpl;L Xbdhh;fs;. ,jid>
“kiynaoj; jpuz;lNjhz; kd;d uhh;j;njOe;
njhypAwo; nfhLq;fiz nahd;W tpl;ldh;
Kiyjpfo; Gaq;fspd; %o;f ntl;rpahh;
epiyngwy; ,d;ikahy; epiuia tpl;ldh;”9
vd;Dk; ghly;thpfshy; Mepiu fth;e;Njhuhfpa ntl;rpahh; ry;khtpd; mk;gpd; jhf;FjYf;F Mw;whJ epiy Fiye;J
Mepiufis tpLj;J Xbdhh;fs; vd;gij Gwj;jpiz kuNghL ,ay;Gw mikj;Jj; je;Js;shh; ckWg;Gyth;.

tQ;rpj;jpiz
gpwh; ehl;ilf; ftUtjpy; xopahj tpUg;gKila kd;did kw;nwhU Nte;jd; mQ;RkhW nrd;W jhf;FtJ
tQ;rpj; jpiz vdg;gLk;. ,jid>
vQ;rh kz;eir Nte;jid Nte;jd;
mQ;Rjfj; jiyr;nrd;W mly;Fwpj; jd;Nw10
vd;w E}w;ghthy; tpsf;FfpwJ njhy;fhg;gpak;.
gJW vDkplj;jpy; Kfk;kJ egpath;fs; jkJ Njhoh;fSld; nrd;W jq;fpapUe;jhh;fs;. mg;NghJ
kf;fhg;gilapd;h; jq;fisj; jhf;f tUk; nra;jpia mwpe;jhh;fs;. ,jw;Fs; kf;fhg;gilazpapdh; gJWit neUq;fpj;
jho;thd ,lj;jpy; jq;fpdh;. egpath;fs; rw;W Nklhd gFjpapy; jk; Njhoh;fSld; Kfhkpl;bUe;jhh;fs;.
,Ujug;Gg; gilfSk; Muthuj;NjhL tPuh;fs; xUtNuhL xUth; Nghh; nra;jhh;fs;. NkYk; ‘rpy Fjpiufs;
tPuh;fspd; kz;il gpse;J %is rpjwplTk;> gw;fs; cjph;e;jplTk; tpopfs; fyq;fplTk; tpiue;J jhf;fpd’11 tPuh;fs;
xUtNuhL xUth; kw;Nghh; nra;jhh;fs;. tPuh;fs; gha;e;J gha;e;J gytpj MAjq;fshYk; jbfspdhyK;
xUtiunahUth; jhf;fpf; nfhz;lhh;fs;.12 mq;qdk; jhf;fpaikahy; Njhs;fspYk;> iffspYk;> Kfj;jpYk;> fOj;jpYk;>
jiyapd; kPJk;> cjLfs; cs;spl;l thapYk;> fz;fspYkhf mUtp ePh; tbtnjhg;g ,uj;jk; tbe;J xOfpaJ. 13 vjph;j;j
tPuh;fspd; jhf;Fjy;fshy; fhaKw;W ,uj;jk; tbe;jpl epd;w tPuh;fs; jhf;fpaNghJ Rod;W jhf;Fjy; elj;jpa
Fjpiufspd; cly;fs; Jz;bf;fg;gl;ld. rpy Fjpiufspd; Kfq;fs; jhf;Fz;L rpije;jd. kw;Wk; Jz;bf;fg;gl;ld. vjphpfshy;
jhf;Fz;l tPuh;fs; NfhgKw;W jq;fs; ifths; nfhz;L jhf;fpa NghJ gifth;fSila jsgjpfspd; cah; thDyfpw;F
Vfpw;W. Fjpiufspd; khh;G gpsTw;wJ. Nrdh tPuh;fspd; khh;Gf;Fs;Sk; mt;NtyhAjq;fs; nrd;W capiuAk;
gw;wpathW ntspg;Nghe;jd.14 vd;W tQ;rpj; jpiz rpwf;fg; ghbAs;shh; ckWg;Gyth;.
copiQj; jpiz
 gil vLj;JtUk; murd;> khw;wurdpd; Nfhl;ilia Kw;Wif ,LtijAk; mjidf; ifg;gw;WtijAk; Fwpg;gJ
copiQj; jpiz vdg;gLk;.

“KOKjy; muzk; Kw;wYk; NfhlYk;

midnewp kugpw;whFk; vd;g’15
vd;Dk; njhy;fhg;gpa E}w;gh ,ij tpsf;Ffpd;wJ. Rfwhtpy; v$jpah; Fyj;jpy; Njhd;wpa fFG vd;gtd;
K];ypk;fSf;Fj; Jd;gk; jUtijj; jd; njhopyhf;f nfhz;bUe;jhd;. ,jidf; Nfs;tpAw;w Kfk;kJ egp gilAld; RFwh
vd;Dk; efuj;jpw;Fr; nrd;whh;fs;. mq;Fs;s nghpa Nfhl;iliar; Rw;wp tisj;jhh;fs;;; FbePh; epiyfisf;
ifg;gw;wpdh;; neUg;g+l;bdh;; gwitfSk; efhpDs; Gfhjgb flnyd epd;W Kw;Wif ,l;Lf; fhty; Ghpe;jdh;;;
,e;epfo;it>
“ntw;wpNky; nfhz;Ltpz; nzOe;j %Jvapy;
Rw;wpa efhpdpy; njhifapy; Nridnfhz;L
cw;wdh; tise;jdh; cz;Zk; ePiuAk;
gw;wpdh; mbf;fb gifia %l;bdh;”16
“nfhs;isaq; FbnjhWq; FWf yhh;fl
Ks;sK neUg;ngo neUg;ig a+l;bdh;
nts;snkhj;J ,Ue;jdh; tphpAk; xs;rpiwg;
Gs;Sk; me;efhpy; Gfhj tz;zNk”17
vd;W fhl;rpg;gLj;Jfpd;whh; ckWg;Gyth;.
Jk;igj; jpiz
gifkd;dh; ,UtUk; jj;jk; gilfSld; jd;dyk; fUjhJ ntw;wp xd;iwNa fUjp Cf;fj;NjhLg; Nghhply;
Jk;igj;jpizahFk;. mfj;jG vd;gthpd; Gjy;td; Fia (`{a; ,g;D mf;jg;) nra;j KO Kaw;rpahy; fe;jf;Fg; Nghh;
Vw;gl;lJ. NghUf;F vONthh; Jk;igg; g+r;#bg; Gwg;gLjy; Gwj;jpiz kuG. ‘jkpo; ehl;il jtpu cyfpy; Ntnwe;j
ehl;bYk; Nghh; gw;wpa ,g;gFg;gpyf;fzk; ,y;iy. muG ehl;Lg; Nghhpy; ,t;tpyf;fpzq;fis ckWg;Gyth; GFj;jp
tpLfpwhh;. gdPFiwyh $l;lj;jhUk; v$jpfSk; jk;gilfNshL $b cld; tu Fia Jk;igg; g+itr; #b NghUf;F Vfpdhd;”18
vd;fpwhh; rp.R. nry;yg;gdhh;. ,jid>
“ntk;gpa rPw;wj;J nj$jpa utUk;
Ntz;ba gilnfhL nrwpaj;
Jk;ikAQ; #b aFj;jG gtj;jpw
Nwhd;wpa FiaAk; Vfpd;dhy;”19
vd;W Gwg;nghUs; kuG epiyapy; Mf;fpaAs;shh; ckWg;Gyth;.
thifj; jpiz
Nghh;f;fsj;jpNy giftiuf; nfhd;W. ntw;wp ngw;wjw;F milahskhf thifg; g+itr; #b Muthhpj;jy; thifj;
jpiz vdg;gLk;.
 ‘jhtpy; nfhs;ifj; jj;jq; $w;iwg;
ghFgl kpFjpg;gLj;j nyd;g’20
vd thifj; jpizf;F ,yf;fzk; $Wfpd;whh; njhy;fhg;gpadhh;. Nghhpy; ngwg;gLk; ntw;wp vdg; nghJ
epiyapy; thifj;jpiz Fwpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,k;kuG ckWg;Gytuhy; ry;kh mth;fs; gifth;fis ntd;W ngwtjw;fhpa
ntw;wp khiy #b tpiue;J nrd;whh; vd;gij>

“ghlyj; jkh;e;j nfhbat dhtp

gwpglj; gfopahy; tPo;j;jpj;
NjlUk; thif #bNa tpiutpw;
nrd;wd nuhUjdpr; rpq;fk;”21
vd;Dk; gFjpahy; tpsf;fpAs;shh;. Nghhpy; ntd;wth; thifg;g+r; #Ljy; Gwj;jpiz kuG. ntw;wp ngw;wtiu thif
#bdhh; vdg;NgRk; kuignahl;b thif #bNa vd;fpd;whh; ckWg;Gyth;. gynuhLk; jdpj;J epd;W Nghh; Ghpe;J
ntw;wp ngw;wikahy; ‘NjlUk; thif’ vd;w mil nkhopfshy; Fwpj;Jj; jUfpd;whh; ckWg;Gyth;.

KbTiu
rPPwhg;Guhzj;Js; tuyhw;W epiyapy; gjpT nra;ag;gl;Ls;s /gp[hhpg;Nghh;> gj;U Nghh;>
mfo;g;Nghh; Nghd;w gy Nghh;fis njhy;fhg;gpadhh; Rl;Lk; Gwj;jpiz kuGfNshL ,iaGw ,izj;Jf; fhl;Lk;
ckWg;Gythpd; Gyg;ghl;L newp Nghw;WjYf;FhpaJ. NkYk; ntl;rp> fue;ij> copiQ> Jk;ig> thif Nghd;w
Gwj;jpizg; Nghh; epfo;Tfis ,ay;NghL Mf;fk; nra;Js;s ckWg;Gyth; jk; Nghh; kuGfisAk; Jiw kuGfisAk;
jkpoyf;fpa kuNghL Mf;fk; fz;Ls;s Gyth; ckWtpd; jpwd; ghuhl;LjYf;FhpaJ.
mbf;Fwpg;Gfs;
1. Nk[h; iraj; \`hGjPd;> ,];yhkpa tuyhWk; gz;ghLk;> gf;fk;-21
2. rPuh[{jPd;> mNugpah; tuyhW> gf;fk;-27
3. vk;.v];. g\Ph;> rPwhg;Guhzk; (fl;Liu njhFg;G)> gf;fk;-74
4. njhy;fhg;gpak;> nghUsjpfhuk;> E}w;gh vz;: 60
5. rPwhg;Guhzk;> ry;kh nghUjglyk;> ghly; vz;: 7 (4918) Kjy; 16 (4927) tiu
6. NkyJ> ghly; vz;: 16 (4927)
7. njhy;fhg;gpak;> E}w;gh vz;: 63
8. rPwhg;Guhzk;> ry;kh nghUj glyk;> ghly; vz;: 17 (4928) Kjy; 45 (4956) tiu
9. NkyJ> ghly; vz;: 31 (4942)
10. njhy;fhg;gpak;> nghUsjpfhuk;> E}w;gh vz;: 64
11. rPwhg;Guhzk;> gJWg;glyk;> ghly; vz;: 137 (3488)
12. NkyJ> ghly; vz;: 138 (3489)
13. NkyJ> ghly; vz;: 139 (3490)
14. NkyJ> ghly; vz;: 140 (3491)
15. njhy;fhg;gpak;> Gwj;jpizapay;> E}w;gh vz;: 66
16. rPwhg;Guhzk;> fFG tij glyk;> ghly; vz;: 9 (4090)
17. NkyJ> ghly; vz;: 10 4061
18. R. nry;yg;gdhh;. neQ;iiuas;Sk; rPwh> gf;fk;-1039
19. rPwhg;Guhzk;> cia te;j glyk;> ghly; vz;: 5 (4443)
20. njhy;fhg;gpak;> nghUsjpfhuk;> E}w;gh vz;: 73
21. rPwhg;Guhzk;> ry;kh nghUjglyk;> ghly; vz;:22 (4933)