Maggie&Marx&&

When&J.G.&was&16&years&oldresulted&in&the&murder&of&a&31;year;old&
mother&of&two&small&children.&&
&
&
&

hoping&for&leniency&&

The&judge&ignored&this&assessment&&

J.G.&has&already&spent&22&years&in&state&maximum;
security&prisons.&
&

! Understand&the&history&and&changes&to&the&

Juvenile&Justice&System&since&its&foundation&in&
1899&&
! Integrate&current&statistics&from&the&system&
into&a&conversation&about&discrimination&
! Provide&an&overview&of&the&major&injustices&
that&have&surfaced&since&the&systems&
foundation&
! Initiate&a&conversation&about&alternatives&to&
the&Juvenile&(in)Justice&system.&&
&

! English&roots&in&common&law&
! Established&in&Chicago&in&

1899.&
! System&of&rehabilitation&&&
! 1960s:&Supreme&Court&
decisions&
! 1990s:&Crack&down&on&juvenile&
crime&
! Current&period&of&transition&

! According&to&the&2014&Juvenile&Oenders&and&

Victims&National&Report&&

1&in&4&residents&of&the&U.S.&are&under&the&age&of&
18.&&
&
Estimated&about&1.6&million&juvenile&arrests&in&
2010.&(~2%&of&youth&population)&

!Exposure&to&Trauma&
!Poverty&&
!Victimization&&
!Substance&abuse&

What&are&the&compounded&
social&injustices?&&

DISPROPORTIONATE+REPRESENTATION++
Although&white&youth&accounted&for&the&majority&of&arrests&in&
the&2010&report,&minorities&are&disproportionately&represented&
Minority&youth&accounted&for&75%&of&juveniles&held&in&custody&for&
a&violent&oense&in&2010.&&
Residential&placements&were&highest&among&black&youth.&
Black&youth&are&4&times&more&likely&than&white&youth&to&be&
incarcerated.&&
&

Recent&studies&show&a&majority&of&juveniles&in&the&
system&present&with&at&least&one&mental&health&
disorder&

1&in&10&detainees&presented&with&PTSD&within&the&last&
year&of&a&study&conducted&by&OJJDP&

Witnessing&violence&was&far&more&commonthan&most&
community&studies&of&youth.&

Only&57%&of&facilities&in&2010&said&they&evaluated&all&
youth&for&mental&health&needs.&&

&&

OUTSIDE(THE(WALLS(
!
!
!

General&issues&within&
school&systems&
School\to\prison&pipeline&
Although&high&school&
dropout&rates&have&been&
declining,&more&than&
370,000&youth&quit&high&
school&in&2009.&(National&
Report,&2014)&

INSIDE(THE(WALLS(
!

Less&than&10%&of&students&
ages&16&to&21&in&facilities&
were&on&track&to&earn&a&GED&
or&high&school&diploma.&&
Little&opportunity&for&
higher&degree&both&inside&
and&afterwards&&

! Denition&of&waiver&petition&&
! A&variety&of&typesmostly&up&to&ambiguous&

jurisdictionno&standard&of&assessment&

! Dierence&between&Juvenile&and&Criminal&

court&&

! Jury&&
! Goals&of&the&system&
! Prison&setting/services&

How&do&we&create&a&system&of&injustice&into&a&
system&of&justice?&&

!Create&a&system&of&support&
!End&automatic&transfer&policies&

!Rehabilitation&and&mental&health&&
!Restorative&Justice&

Restorative&Justice&
Victim((
+&&
Oender(
+&&
Community((
&
&
Goals:((
Accountability&
Community&Safety&
Competency&
Development&&

!
!
!
!

!
!

&

ABA&Division&for&Public&Education.&The&History&of&Juvenile&Justice.&[data&set].&
Retrieved&from&
http://www.americanbar.org/content/dam/aba/migrated/publiced/features/
DYJpart1.authcheckdam.pdf&&
Abram,&K.M.,&Teplin,&L.A.,&King,&D.C.,&Longworth,&S.L.,&Emanuel,&K.M.,&Romero,&
E.G.,&.&.&.&Olson,&N.D.&(2013).&PTSD,&Trauma,&and&Comorbid&Psychiatric&Disorders&in&
Detained&Youth.&OJJDP&Juvenile&Justice&Bulletin.&&
Bankhead,&K.,&Lecture,&September&21,&2015&&&
Center&on&Juvenile&and&Criminal&Justice.&Juvenile&Justice&History.&[data&set].&Retrieved&
from&http://www.cjcj.org/education1/juvenile\justice\history.html&
Kerby,&S.&(2012).&Center&for&American&Progress.&The&Top&10&Most&Startling&Facts&about&
People&of&Color&and&Criminal&Justice&in&the&United&States.&Retrieved&from&
https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/race/news/2012/03/13/11351/the\top\10\
most\startling\facts\about\people\of\color\and\criminal\justice\in\the\united\states/&&
Morones,&A.&(2014).&Juvenile\Justice&System&Not&Meeting&Educational&Needs,&Report&
Says.&Education&Week.&&
National&Center&for&Juvenile&Justice.&(2014).&Juvenile&Oenders&and&Victims:&2014&
National&Report.&[data&set].&Retrieved&from&
http://www.ojjdp.gov/ojstatbb/nr2014/downloads/NR2014.pdf&&
Odgers,&C.L.,&Burnette,&M.L.,&Chauhan,&P.,&Moretti,&M.M.,&&&Reppucci,&N.D.&(2005).&
Misdiagnosing&the&Problem:&Mental&Health&Proles&of&Incarcerated&Juveniles.&Can&Child&
Adolescent&Psychiatric&Review:&26\29.&&
Rohan,&M.,&Lecture,&January&12,&2015&&