Natural Science 3º Primaria PDF

PRIMARY
Natural
Science
TEACHERS RESOURCE BOOK
PRIMARY
Natural Science

Natural Science 3 is a collective work, conceived,
designed and created by the Primary Education
department at Santillana, under the supervision
of Antonio Brandi Fernndez.
WRITER
Carmen Gutirrez
MANAGING EDITOR
Sheila Tourle
PROJECT EDITOR
Geona Edwards
EDITORS
Beatriz Garca Hiplito
M. Antonia Oliva Prez-Andjar
PROOFREADING
Sheila Klaiber
Vassilia Katte
ILLUSTRATIONS
Juan Carlos Carmona, Mar Ferrero,
Carlos Gallego, Jose Luis Navarro,
El Ojo del Huracn, Jorge Salas,
Jos Santos, Carolina Temprado Battad
PRIMARY
Natural
Science
Contents
Nombre
Fecha
Introduction....................................................................................................... III
Worksheets
Your body............................................................................................................ 6
Your senses ........................................................................................................ 14
Food and nutrients.............................................................................................. 22
Keeping healthy .................................................................................................. 30
Animals............................................................................................................... 38
Invertebrates....................................................................................................... 46
Animals and people ............................................................................................ 54
Plants ................................................................................................................. 62
Animals and plants.............................................................................................. 70
Matter ................................................................................................................. 78
Materials and machines ...................................................................................... 86
Energy and the environment ............................................................................... 94
Answer key........................................................................................................ 102
Introduction
Natural Science 3 Teachers Resource Book

provides a wide variety of photocopiable worksheets
designed to complement Natural Science 3
Students Book and Natural Science 3 Teachers
Book. It is divided into 12 topics in order to cover the
main concepts of both the National Curriculum and
the curriculum established by the Community
of Madrid.
These worksheets facilitate a flexible approach in the
classroom. Students in the same class can be given
different worksheets. Stronger students can expand
on the material learnt in class. Weaker students can
use the worksheets to revise. Alternatively, students
can work together with stronger peers to complete
the tasks. These worksheets can also be assigned
as homework.
There are four categories of worksheets:
Reinforcement, Extension, Assessment and tests,
and Investigate. Answer keys are provided at the
back of this book.
Worksheets
Reinforcement worksheets
Keeping healthy
REINFORCEMENT
Name
1
There are twelve double-page

Reinforcement worksheets. These
worksheets are designed to provide
additional support for students in need of
further practice. They can be used after the
relevant section in the Students Book, before
the Final activities sections, or as extra
preparation for the Unit assessment.
Depending on the students, they can
complete the worksheets with or without
consulting their Students Books, in the
classroom or at home, individually or in pairs.
REINFORCEMENT
Date
Complete the sentences about healthy habits.

clean sleep posture diet exercise
a. Get enough
c. Do regular
a. cooling
It helps to eliminate organisms that spoil food.
b. adding preservatives
You preserve food in the fridge or freezer to make it last longer.
c. heating
Some substances are added to foods so they do not go off.
Which of these foods are fresh and which are processed? Classify.
d. Eat a healthy and balanced

e. Have good
2
b. Keep your body
Match the methods of preserving foods to the definitions.
.
to look after your back.
processed
Circle the healthy habits.

A
Write two sentences in the correct order.

hygiene
fresh
Food
is
to
prevent
illness
essential
a.
make
ill
Dirty
food
can
you
b.
3
Read these sentences about doing exercise. Write T (true) or F (false).

a. Exercise makes you more flexible.
Use the code and find out a healthy habit.
5A 5C 5D
5 M 5 N 5 O
b. Team sports are not as healthy as individual sports.

c. Exercise makes your muscles and bones stronger.
d. By practising a team sport you learn to work in a group.
5E 5F 5G
5R 5S 5T
5H 5I 5L 5P
5U 5V 5W 5Y
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Photocopiable material 2014 Santillana Educacin, S.L. / Richmond Publishing
Your senses
EXTENSION
Date
Your senses
Name
EXTENSION
Date
Guide dogs
Sign language
Guide dogs act as eyes for people who are blind.

They help blind people move from one place
to another. They can help a blind person cross
the road, avoid obstacles or go to the shops. Guide
dogs stay with their owners at all times.
People with sight and hearing disabilities use different languages to communicate
with other people. Sign language is a language that many deaf people use to
communicate. Braille is a system of printing for blind people.
Guide dogs work approximately six years before

they retire.
1
Use the sign alphabet. Learn to say your name

with your hands. Take turns with a partner
to spell out your name.
Use the Braille alphabet. Punch out your

name on a piece of card with the tip of
a ballpoint pen. Learn to read it with your
fingers. Exchange names with a partner.
Write T (true) or F (false).
Extension worksheets
a. Guide dogs help people who cannot see.

b. They sometimes leave their owners alone.
c. Their harness is just for decoration.
d. All breeds of dogs can be guide dogs.
e. They have a limited working life.
2
Complete the index card about guide dogs.
Guide dogs
Job description:
Most common breeds:
Equipment:
Years of service:
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Investigate worksheets
Food and nutrients
INVESTIGATE
Name
There are twelve Investigate worksheets, one for each topic.

These worksheets provide opportunities for students to carry out
simple investigative tasks, either in the classroom or at home.
Date
Which foods contain fat?

Instructions
1. In pairs, select five or six different foods,
for example, an apple, chips, a banana,
biscuits, a carrot, bread or cheese.
Cut them into pieces.
2. Cut some brown wrapping paper into five
10 cm squares.
3. Rub a piece of each food on a square until
it leaves a mark. Label the squares and allow
them to dry.
4. When dry, hold the squares against the light.
If there is a greasy spot, the food contains
fat. Measure the diameter of each grease
spot with a ruler. The size of the grease spot
tells us how much fat there is in the food.
5. Complete the table.
food
diameter
of grease spot
fat
no fat
6. Analyse your results and answer the questions.

a. Which food leaves the biggest grease spot?
b. Which is the food with the least fat?
c. Which is the food with the most fat?
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IV
31
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There are twenty-four Extension

worksheets. These worksheets can
be used for fast finishers or to expand
on the material covered in class.
Most guide dogs are Labradors or Golden

Retrievers. They receive special training starting
when they are puppies. Then, they are assigned
to a blind person. Guide dogs wear a harness to
do their job.
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Name
e. Swimming is not very good for your lungs and heart.
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Assessment worksheets
There are twelve double-page Assessment
worksheets, one for each topic. These
worksheets can be given to students once
the topic has been completed, as a revision
test, or to check progress at any point
during the year.
Plants
ASSESSMENT
Name
1
ASSESSMENT
Date
Read and complete the text about plant nutrition.
Label the plant. Then, answer the question.
carbon dioxide photosynthesis roots raw sap

water sunlight elaborated sap mineral salts
Plants make their own food through
They absorb
and
from the soil through their
. This mixture is the
. Plants also absorb
and
from the air. They then transform
the raw sap into

5
Isthestemofthisplantwoodyorherbaceous?Explain.
Find and circle five parts of the flower. Then, complete the sentences.
Label the parts of the leaf. Then, read and tick ().
a. Classify the leaf according to the edge.

smooth
lobed
jagged
heart-shaped
needle-shaped
a
z
b. The
are the small green leaves that protect the flower.
c. The
are the male parts of the flower. They produce pollen.
d. The
are coloured leaves. They form the
Read and complete.

6
ferns gymnosperms rhizoids seeds angiosperms flowers mosses

Flowering plants produce
groups are
with
, like apple trees, and
and
of mosses are called
66
a. It is the female part of the flower. It contains the ovary. It is the
b. Classify the leaf according to the shape.

palmate
. The two main
Match the sentences to the life processes that plants carry out.
sensitivity
a. Plants make elaborated sap.
, like pine trees.
nutrition
b. The leaves and stems grow towards the light.
are non-flowering plants. The roots
c. Pollen is produced in the stamens.
reproduction
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Food and nutrients
Date
Carbohydrates and fats are examples of

a. proteins.
b. nutrients.
There are twelve multiple-choice tests, one for

each topic. These tests are to be completed once
the topic has been studied. The tests provide
students the opportunity to revise the main
concepts of each topic and to assess the
knowledge they have acquired.
c. minerals.
Proteins are found in

a. meat, fish and eggs.
b. fruit and vegetables.
c. bread, potatoes, rice and pasta.
Calcium
a. is a very important protein.
b. makes up your bones and helps you to grow.
c. provides your body with energy.
A diet that gives you the right amount of nutrients is

a. sufficient.
b. active.
c. balanced.
Your body obtains vitamins, minerals and fibre from

a. fruit and vegetables.
b. meat, fish and pulses.
c. brown sugar, oil and butter.
Dairy products include

a. bread and sugar.
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Tests
TEST
Name
67
b. milk and yoghurt.
c. bacon and eggs.
Wholegrain foods are healthier because they

a. contain fibre.
b. are grown on special farms.
c. are made with healthy oils.
Your daily diet should include three

a. pieces of fruit.
b. snacks.
c. processed foods.
b. four meals a day.
c. five meals a day.
You should eat

a. three meals a day.
10 Experts think the Mediterranean diet is
a. not traditional.
28
b. very healthy.
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c. too oily.
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Answer key
Answer key
ANIMALS AND PLANTS
2. Search the Internet for three animal species from the

Arctic tundra. Write what they eat.
REINFORCEMENT
An Answer key for all the worksheets is provided at the back

of this Teachers Resource Book.
OA
PAGE 70
PAGE 73
1. Look and match the pictures to the areas.
1. Read the text and the table. Then, answer the

questions.
A. grassland; B. forest; C. desert; D. shrubland.
a. the sloth; b. the cheetah; c. on land; d. in the air.
2. Read and complete.

a. Trees grow in fertile soil with high humidity. Many trees
together form a forest.
b. Bushes grow in places with poor soil and low humidity.
An area dominated by bushes is a shrubland.
c. Grasslands are areas with long periods of drought. Trees
and bushes are scarce because they need water all year
round.
d. Deserts do not have much water and the soil is arid.
There is little vegetation. Only plants that need little
water can live in deserts.
3. Where do these animals live? Explain.
2. Find your favourite animal on the Internet.

OA
ASSESSMENT
PAGE 74
1. Write the names of these areas.
A. desert; B. shrubland; C. forest; D grassland.
2. Read and write T (true) or F (false). Then, correct the
false sentences.
a. T; b. F; c. T; d. F; e. T.
MA
Seabirds spend most of their lives over the sea. They only
go to land to reproduce.
Squirrels live most of the time in trees and swing from
branch to branch.
PAGE 71
Pines, oaks and beeches are types of trees.

Deserts are areas with arid soil and low humidity.
3. What is vegetation? Explain.
Vegetation is all the plants in an area, region or country.
4. Read and complete the words.
a. vegetation; b. drought; c. savannah; d. shrubland.
4. Find and circle eight animals. Then, write.
s
x
d
l
5. Classify these marine animals.

They breathe through lungs: whales, seals, turtles.
They breathe through gills: sharks, sardines, tuna.
6. Write T (true) or F (false).
a. T; b. T; c. F; d. F; e. T; f. F.
PAGE 75
5. Read the text and complete.
Some aquatic animals live in the sea. They are marine
animals. Others live in fresh water, in lakes or rivers.
Aquatic animals spend most of their lives in water. Many
of them breathe in oxygen from the water through gills.
Others come to the surface of the water to breathe in air,
through lungs.
6. Circle the correct animal.
a. bat; b. mussel; c. skater; d. snake; e. duck.
7. Read, then write the correct word.
a. trees; b. slither; c. underground.
TEST
PAGE 76
EXTENSION
1. a; 2. b; 3. a; 4. b; 5. c; 6. b; 7. a; 8. a; 9. b; 10. a.
PAGE 72
INVESTIGATE
1. Read the text and circle the correct word.

a. Tundras are found in the Arctic.
PAGE 77
OA
b. In the summer, there are 24 hours a day of sunlight.

c. The top layer of the soil is the permafrost.
d. Winter in the Arctic tundra is extremely cold.
e. Global warming is harming the Arctic tundra.
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Answer key
Your body
REINFORCEMENT
Name
Date
1 Label the body parts.
head
trunk
limbs
2 Look at the diagram and write examples.
brain
lung
arm
heart
leg
stomach
intestines
a. an organ inside your head

b. an organ inside your trunk
c. a lower limb
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Natural Science 3
Photocopiable material 2014 Santillana Educacin, S.L./Richmond Publishing
REINFORCEMENT
3 Write T (true) or F (false). Then, correct the false sentences.
a. We need energy and nutrients to live, and we get them from food.
b. Nutrition provides your body with electricity and nutrients.
c. The process of nutrition allows us to detect and respond to changes
in the environment.
d. Children look like their parents because they inherit their physical characteristics.
e. We use our senses to get information about the environment.
f. Melanin protects your body from water.

4 Match the stages of life to the pictures.
adolescence
old age
childhood
adulthood
Now, write the stages of life in order.

1st
2nd
3rd
4th
Natural Science 3
Your body
EXTENSION
Name
Date
Why do people have different skin colour?

Human skin colour varies greatly around the world. Itcan
range from a very dark brown to yellow. Skin colour is
controlled by genes, like other human characteristics such
as eye colour and hair type.
However, skin colour has also been influenced by the
environment over thousands of years. There are many
different skin colours today because people have adapted
to different environments. The Sun gives us light and heat,
but it also emits harmful rays. Some regions of the Earth
receive more harmful sun rays than others. This difference
directly affects skin colour.
Skin colour depends on how much melanin we have in our
skin. Melanin is a brown pigment that works as a natural
sun cream, and protects skin from the harmful rays of
sunlight. Over time, people who moved to areas of less
sunlight developed lighter coloured skin, and people who
lived closer to the Equator had darker skin with more melanin.
1 Read the text and complete the sentences.
a. Skin colour is controlled by

b. The Sun
harmful rays.
c. Skin colour depends on the
of melanin.
d. Melanin
the skin from the harmful rays of sunlight.
e. People with lighter skin have
melanin.
2 Search the Internet or magazines for photos of three famous people with different skin
colour. Write their names and the continent they come from.
medium skin
dark skin
light skin
Natural Science 3
Your body
EXTENSION
Name
Date
Broken bones
Bones are hard, strong and rigid, but they can sometimes break or
fracture. However, broken bones can repair themselves. There are
many different types of fractures. Themost common type is a
simple fracture, which happens when a bone breaks cleanly. In
order to help bones heal correctly, itis important that they are
realigned. Broken bones can be put back into position by a doctor.
The bones are thenimmobilized with a plaster cast, so they can
start to heal. Simple fractures usually take about 6 to 8 weeks to
heal, although large bones take longer.
1 Write T (true) or F (false).
a. Bones break because they are rigid.

b. Bones can repair themselves.
c. The most common fracture is when a bone breaks into fragments.
d. Broken bones need to be realigned before being immobilized.
e. All fractures take about 6 to 8 weeks to heal.
f. A fracture of the femur takes the same time to heal as a fracture of the radius.
2 Have you ever broken a bone or do you know someone who has? Complete
the medical card.
medical card
Who broke a bone?
Which bone was it?
How did they break it?
How many weeks did it take to heal?
Natural Science 3
Your body
ASSESSMENT
Name
Date
1 Classify the words.
forehead hand leg abdomen foot arm thorax back face

a. head
b. trunk
c. limbs
2 Label the diagram.
brain
lung
stomach
kidney
bone
muscle
3 Draw two people and say how they are similar or different.
a. sexual characteristics
b. body constitution
c. height
d. personal traits
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Natural Science 3
ASSESSMENT
4 Complete the sentences.
a. The life process of

changes in the environment.
is the ability of living things to respond to
b. During the life process of

essential nutrients.
c. The life process of
new living things of their own kind.
living things take in food and absorb

is the ability of all living things to produce
5 Number the stages of nutrition in the correct order.
a. The nutrients travel through our body and give us energy

and the substances we need to grow.
b. We take in food.
c. Our body expels waste.
d. We absorb nutrients from the food that our body needs.
6 Read and circle the correct description.
childhood
adolescence
adulthood
old age
Milk teeth fall out, and permanent teeth grow.

A boys voice gets deeper.
The first stage of life.
Your body prepares to become an adult.
Many changes take place.
We can have children.
Our bones become fragile. Our muscles are weaker.
We grow very rapidly.
7 Write the four systems involved in nutrition.

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11
Your body
TEST
Name
Date
1 The main parts of the body are the head, the trunk and the
a. thorax. b. limbs. c. thighs.

2 To move your body, your muscles work together with your
a. bones. b. brain. c. lungs.

3 Melanin protects your body from
a. cold air.
b. sunlight. c. pain.
4 Personal traits include
a. the colour of your eyes and hair.

b. your body constitution.
c. your height.
5 During the process of nutrition, we first take in food. Then,
a. our body expels waste.

b. the nutrients travel through our body.
c. we absorb nutrients from the food.
6 Thanks to reproduction,
a. we can have offspring.

b. our body can obtain nutrients.
c. our brain can respond to changes.
7 We respond to changes in the environment through
a. nutrition. b. constitution. c. sensitivity.

8 Your milk teeth appear during
a. adolescence.
b. childhood. c. adulthood.
9 During adolescence, your
a. body and mind change a lot.

b. body is fully-developed.
c. skin develops wrinkles.
10 Puberty is part of
a. adulthood. b. old age.

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Natural Science 3
c. adolescence.
Your body
Name
INVESTIGATE
Date
1 How much have you grown?
Instructions
1. Work in small groups.
2. Find out how long you were
when you were born.
3. Take turns and measure your
height today.
4. Make two bar charts.
At birth: Write these measurements
on the vertical axis: 10 cm, 20 cm,
30 cm, 40cm, 50 cm, 60 cm
and 70 cm. Write your names
on the horizontal axis.
Today: Use the same format.
Increase the measurements
to 170 cm.
5. Compare your bar charts with
other groups.

a. Who was the longest baby?

b. Who is the tallest student?

d. Who has grown the most?

c. Is it the same classmate?

e. How do you explain the answer to d?

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13
Your senses
REINFORCEMENT
Name
Date
1 Unscramble the words and label the diagram.
siir
taneri
anceor
uplip
cpoti erevn
nesl
2 Circle the five parts of the ear and complete the sentences.
audito
r
ryne
arca
e
e
v
nalcochleasmall
bo
nes
eardr
um
a. Sound vibrations go into the outer ear and along the

b. The
vibrates.
c. The vibration of the eardrum moves the three

d. The sound then goes to the
e. The cochlea sends the sound through the

14
Natural Science 3
to the brain.
REINFORCEMENT
3 Read and complete the table.
smell
The sense organ is
It allows you to capture or identify
taste
touch
4 Match the parts of the organs to their function.
a. taste buds
captures light
b. epithelium
capture flavours of food
c. touch receptors
captures sound
d. retina
distinguish hot or cold
e. cochlea
captures smells
5 Label the diagram of the nose.
nostrils
olfactory nerve
olfactory bulb
nasal cavity
olfactory epithelium
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Your senses
EXTENSION
Name
Date
Guide dogs
Guide dogs act as eyes for people who are blind.
They help blind people move from one place
to another. They can help a blind person cross
the road, avoid obstacles or go to the shops. Guide
dogs stay with their owners at all times.
Most guide dogs are Labradors or Golden
Retrievers. They receive special training starting
when they are puppies. Then, they are assigned
to a blind person. Guide dogs wear a harness to
do their job.
Guide dogs work approximately six years before
they retire.
a. Guide dogs help people who cannot see.

b. They sometimes leave their owners alone.
c. Their harness is just for decoration.
d. All breeds of dogs can be guide dogs.
e. They have a limited working life.
2 Complete the index card about guide dogs.
Guide dogs
Job description:
Most common breeds:
Equipment:
Years of service:
16
Natural Science 3
Your senses
Name
EXTENSION
Date
Sign language
People with sight and hearing disabilities use different languages to communicate
with other people. Sign language is a language that many deaf people use to
communicate. Braille is a system of printing for blind people.
1 Use the sign alphabet. Learn to say your name

with your hands. Take turns with a partner
to spell out your name.
2 Use the Braille alphabet. Punch out your

name on a piece of card with the tip of
a ballpoint pen. Learn to read it with your
fingers. Exchange names with a partner.
Natural Science 3
17
Your senses
ASSESSMENT
Name
Date
1 Write the five sense organs.

2 Label the parts of the eye.
3 Read and complete.
eyelids optic nerve pupil brain sight

a. The eyes are the sense organs of
b. The
, eyelashes and eyebrows protect the eyes.
c. The
is the hole in the centre of the iris though which
light passes.
d. When we see an object, the information is sent to the

the
through
4 Label the parts of the ear.
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Natural Science 3
ASSESSMENT
5 Circle the correct word.
a. The pinna / cochlea captures the sound.

b. The cochlea sends the sound through the ear canal / auditory nerve to the brain.
c. The brain interprets / vibrates the information.
6 What part of your nose captures smells?

a. Touch is the
of the objects around you.
which allows you to identify characteristics
b. The sense organ of touch is the
8 Label the diagram of the skin.
9 Write the corresponding sense organ.
d. iris
b. nasal cavity
e. pupil
c. taste buds
f. auditory nerve
a. cochlea
10 Give advice to look after your eyes and ears.

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19
Your senses
TEST
Name
Date
1 We can only see if there is
a. light. b. sound. c. colour.

2 The eyes are
a. connected to the brain by the auditory nerve.

b. protected by the eyelids, the eyelashes and the eyebrows.
c. made up of three parts.
3 The part of the ear that vibrates is the
a. eardrum. b. cochlea. c. pinna.

4 The auditory nerve takes the information to the
a. outer ear.
c. brain.
b. inner ear.
5 The sense organ of touch is
a. the finger.
c. hair.
b. the skin.
6 The smell receptors are in the
a. olfactory epithelium.
b. olfactory bulb.
c. nostrils.
7 Umami is
a. the most important taste bud.

b. the fourth basic flavour.
c. a flavour found in strong cheeses.
8 You should not touch your eyes
a. in strong sunlight.
b. in the swimming pool.
c. with dirty hands.
9 When using headphones, you should
a. keep the volume low.

b. keep the volume high.
c. turn off the sound.
10 Doctors for children are called
a. podiatrists. b. paediatricians. c. physicians.

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Natural Science 3
Your senses
INVESTIGATE
Name
Date
1 What happens when you cant see what you are tasting? And when you cant see or
smell what you are tasting?
orange juice
mustard
Instructions
mayonnaise
yoghurt
pineapple juice
ketchup
1. Work with a partner.

2. Your partner wears a blindfold.
3. Dip a plastic spoon in one of the foods and let your partner taste it.
4. Ask your partner to identify the food.
5. Repeat the experiment in a different order. This time your partner holds their nose.
6. Can you identify the food? Complete the table with the results. Take turns
and compare the results.
food

pineapple juice
blindfolded

yes
blindfolded and holding

your nose

no
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21
Food and nutrients
REINFORCEMENT
Name
Date
1 Use the colour key and circle the words.
give us energy red
help us grow blue
keep us healthy green
sardines yoghurt grapes eggs rice olive oil pasta bacon

milk carrots bread butter strawberries lettuce cheese
2 Label the food wheel. Write carbohydrates, proteins, fats, minerals and vitamins,
water and exercise, and calcium.
3 Why are water and exercise in the centre of the food wheel?

4 Match and make correct sentences.
a. A sufficient diet
gives you the right amount of nutrients.
b. A balanced diet
gives you the right amount of energy.

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Natural Science 3
REINFORCEMENT
5 Read and complete the sentences.
a. You need f
and c
for energy.
b. You need p
to grow.
c. You need v
and m
d. You need f
for your digestive system to work well.
to be healthy.
6 Look at the food. Circle the nutrients they give you.
proteins
fibre
carbohydrates
fibre
proteins
fats
minerals
carbohydrates
proteins
fats
vitamins
fibre
7 Tick () the correct sentence.
a. Calcium is a mineral that makes up our bones.

b. Carbohydrates make up our bones.
8 Circle the healthier food in each pair of words.
oil / butter
sausages / chicken
cheese / milk
croissant / bread
grapes / biscuits
tomato / pizza
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23
Food and nutrients
EXTENSION
Name
Date
Pizza, glorious pizza!

Pizza has been around for a long time!
The Romans, for example, ate flatbread
made of flour and water, and topped
it with olive oil and herbs. When tomatoes
were introduced from the New World,
the people of Naples, in Italy, added them
to their pizzas. One day in 1889, Queen
Margherita of Italy went to Naples and ordered
a special lunch. The restaurant owner made
a pizza with the colours of the Italian flag to honour
the queen. He used tomatoes for red, mozzarella cheese for white
and basil for green. The queen loved it, so the dish was named Pizza Margherita.
Early in the 20th century, Italian immigrants to New York City started to make a new version
of pizza which became very popular all over the United States. Today, pizza is an
international dish that can have many different toppings, such as tuna, mushrooms and
olives.
1 Read the text and answer the questions.
a. What ingredient did the people of Naples add to pizzas?

b. What are the ingredients of Pizza Margherita?
c. Why is it called Pizza Margherita?
d. Where is pizza eaten today?
e. What are some of the toppings pizza can have?
2 Draw and write about your favourite pizza.
My favourite pizza
Name:
Ingedients:

Main nutrients:
24
Natural Science 3
Food and nutrients
EXTENSION
Name
Date
Food around the world

All around the world, people enjoy food which
varies according to culture, availability and even
religion. Some foods can be quite unusual.
For example, Eskimos eat whale blubber,
Japanese people eat raw fish, Canadians eat
reindeer meat, Indonesian people eat monkey
toes, and people in Thailand eat insects!
Food is not only important for nutrition. It is also part of many social celebrations. On New
Years Day, people in China eat long noodles for long life. In other countries, people eat
green, leafy vegetables as a symbol of economic success because their green leaves look
like folded money. In other countries, people eat pulses, which look like little coins, and are
also considered a symbol of money.
At weddings, Italians and Greeks serve sugar-coated almonds which, being both sweet
and bitter, represent the highs and lows of marriage. Traditional wedding cakes in England
contain fruits and nuts, symbols of fertility and good fortune.
1 Circle the correct words.
a. Based on weather / culture, people eat different foods around the world.
b. Reindeer meat / Raw fish is an unusual food eaten in Canada.
c. An unusual food eaten in Thailand is insects / monkey toes.
d. Foods like reindeer meat and insects mainly provide carbohydrates / proteins.
e. In England, fruits and nuts are symbols of fertility / prosperity and good fortune.
2 Search the Internet for other foods for special celebrations.

Then, complete the table.
country
celebration
food
symbolic of
Natural Science 3
25
Food and nutrients
ASSESSMENT
Name
Date
1 Read the sentences and match.
a. This helps our digestive system work correctly.
carbohydrates and fats
b. We need them to grow.
fibre
c. We need them to stay healthy.
proteins
d. They give us energy.
vitamins and minerals
2 Is this a healthy breakfast? Explain.

3 Circle the foods you should eat every day.
4 What nutrients does each of these foods contain?
a.yoghurt
d. green peppers
b. olive oil
e.lentils
f.pasta
c.bread
5 Cross out the odd food in each food group.
26
Natural Science 3
ASSESSMENT
6 How much should you eat? Write more or less.
a. If you are overweight, you should eat
b. If you are underweight, you should eat
c. If you do a lot of exercise, you should eat
d. If you are old, you should eat
e. If you are young, you should eat
7 Find and circle four nutrients. Then, write.
Which main nutrient is missing from the word search?

8 Cross out the least healthy food for each meal. Write a healthier option.
a. Breakfast: orange juice, toast, cereal, a piece of cake.

b. Lunch: salad, chicken, chips, peas.

c. Dinner: a hamburger, carrot soup, an omelette, fish.

Natural Science 3
27
Food and nutrients
TEST
Name
Date
1 Carbohydrates and fats are examples of
a. proteins. b. nutrients. c. minerals.

2 Proteins are found in
a. meat, fish and eggs.

b. fruit and vegetables.
c. bread, potatoes, rice and pasta.
3 Calcium
a. is a very important protein.

b. makes up your bones and helps you to grow.
c. provides your body with energy.
4 A diet that gives you the right amount of nutrients is
a. sufficient. b. active. c. balanced.

5 Your body obtains vitamins, minerals and fibre from
a. fruit and vegetables.

b. meat, fish and pulses.
c. brown sugar, oil and butter.
6 Dairy products include
a. bread and sugar.
b. milk and yoghurt.
c. bacon and eggs.
7 Wholegrain foods are healthier because they
a. contain fibre.
b. are grown on special farms.
c. are made with healthy oils.
8 Your daily diet should include three
a. pieces of fruit.
b. snacks. c. processed foods.
9 You should eat
a. three meals a day.
b. four meals a day.
c. five meals a day.
10 Experts think the Mediterranean diet is
a. not traditional.
28
Natural Science 3
b. very healthy.
c. too oily.
Food and nutrients
INVESTIGATE
Name
Date
1 Which foods contain fat?
Instructions
1. In pairs, select five or six different foods,
for example, an apple, chips, a banana,
biscuits, a carrot, bread or cheese.
Cut them into pieces.
2. Cut some brown wrapping paper into five
10 cm squares.
3. Rub a piece of each food on a square until
it leaves a mark. Label the squares and allow
them to dry.
4. When dry, hold the squares against the light.
If there is a greasy spot, the food contains
fat. Measure the diameter of each grease
spot with a ruler. The size of the grease spot
tells us how much fat there is in the food.
diameter
of grease spot
food
no fat
fat
6. Analyse your results and answer the questions.

a. Which food leaves the biggest grease spot?
b. Which is the food with the least fat?
c. Which is the food with the most fat?
Natural Science 3
29
Keeping healthy
REINFORCEMENT
Name
Date
1 Complete the sentences about healthy habits.
clean sleep posture diet exercise

a. Get enough
b. Keep your body
c. Do regular
d. Eat a healthy and balanced

e. Have good
.
to look after your back.
2 Circle the healthy habits.
3 Read these sentences about doing exercise. Write T (true) or F (false).
30
a. Exercise makes you more flexible.
b. Team sports are not as healthy as individual sports.
c. Exercise makes your muscles and bones stronger.
d. By practising a team sport you learn to work in a group.
e. Swimming is not very good for your lungs and heart.
Natural Science 3
REINFORCEMENT
4 Match the methods of preserving foods to the definitions.
a. cooling
It helps to eliminate organisms that spoil food.
b. adding preservatives
You preserve food in the fridge or freezer to make it last longer.
c. heating
Some substances are added to foods so they do not go off.
5 Which of these foods are fresh and which are processed? Classify.
processed
fresh
6 Write two sentences in the correct order.
hygiene
Food
is
to
prevent
illness
essential
a.
ill
make
Dirty
food
can
you
b.
7 Use the code and find out a healthy habit.
5 A 5 C 5 D 5 E 5 F 5 G 5 H 5 I 5 L 5 P
5 M 5 N 5 O 5 R 5 S 5 T 5 U 5 V 5 W 5 Y

Natural Science 3
31
Keeping healthy
EXTENSION
Name
Date
Sleeping and dreaming

Sleep is very important for keeping healthy.
When we sleep enough we can pay better
attention at school, be in a good mood and
solve problems more efficiently. Children
need to sleep ten hours a night.
Everybody dreams every night. In one
night, we can have four to seven dreams.
The things we dream about can be related
to our friends and family, our favourite TV
shows, or something we are happy or
worried about. We do not always remember our dreams. We forget most of our dreams
when we wake up.
Animals dream, too. Have you ever watched a dog while it is sleeping? Dogs move their
paws when they sleep like they are running.
1 Put the words in order to make sentences. Then, find and underline
these sentences in the text.
a. hours / to sleep / need / a night / ten / Children.

b. dreams / In one night, / four to seven / have / can / we.

c. always / We / our / do / dreams / not / remember.

2 Koalas sleep 22 hours a day! Search the Internet and find how many hours
your favourite animal sleeps.

3 Keep a dream journal for a week. Write your dreams and share them with your
classmates.
32
Natural Science 3
Keeping healthy
Name
EXTENSION
Date
Visiting an art museum

One great option for a leisure activity
is visiting an art museum.
Art museums display paintings
and sculptures.
Most famous art museums are
located in big cities. The Prado
Museum is in Madrid. The Louvre
Museum is in Paris. The Tate
Gallery is in London. The Museum
of Modern Art is in New York.
Art museums look after their
paintings carefully because
they are of great historical
and cultural interest. Many
paintings are hundreds of years old.
Many people work in art museums. The director runs the art museum and is
in charge of all the employees. Art restorers repair damaged paintings so that they
are in perfect condition. Security guards protect the paintings which are displayed
in the museums.
a. What is an art museum?

b. Why do art museums look after their paintings?

c. What does an art restorer do?

d. What does a security guard do in an art museum?

e. Think of an art museum you have visited. What type of paintings did you see?

Natural Science 3
33
Keeping healthy
ASSESSMENT
Name
Date
1 Who is looking after their health? Write H (healthy) or N (not healthy).
2 Tick () the good posture.
3 Match to make sentences about healthy habits.
a. We need to exercise
our backs.
b. We must eat
enough water.
c. We need to look after
hours of sleep a night.
d. We need ten
regularly.
e. We must drink
a healthy and balanced diet.
4 Complete the sentences with the correct words.
energy rest healthy tired ill recover sleep

a. After a busy day, we feel
b. Sleep keeps our body
and gives it
c. Sleep also helps us to
d. Children need to
e. People who sleep badly get
f. We need to
34
Natural Science 3
ten hours a day.

.
after a long day.
ASSESSMENT
5 Give two examples of natural foods and two of processed foods.
a. natural foods
b. processed foods
6 What stages does the food go through? Complete the words and match.
7 Read the sentences and write T (true) or F (false). Then, correct the false
sentences.
a. Playing electronic games is a leisure activity.
b. Physical exercise is not good for your heart.
c. You must brush your teeth after every meal to avoid tooth decay.
d. You must wash your hands only once a day.
e. Pulses and cereals need preserving.
f. Heating, cooling and adding preservatives are methods to preserve food.

Natural Science 3
35
Keeping healthy
TEST
Name
Date
1 Physical exercise is good for your
a. body. b. mind. c. body and mind.

2 When you are sitting or walking,
a. you should keep your back straight.

b. do not carry weight.
c. remember to keep quiet.
3 Hygiene means keeping your body
a. rested. b. straight. c. clean.

4 You should brush your teeth for about
a. thirty seconds.
b. two minutes.
c. five minutes.
5 For good food hygiene, it is important to
a. wash your hands before every meal.

b. eat natural foods at every meal.
c. eat quickly at every meal.
6 Foods that do not need preserving include
a. pulses. b. meat. c. frozen foods.

7 Heating
a. is called refrigeration.
b. means adding preservatives.
c. helps to eliminate organisms that spoil food.
8 Leisure activities are things we do
a. in our free time.
c. at work.
b. at school.
9 Electronic games can be educational
a. so we should play them all the time.

b. but we should do other activities as well.
c. but we should never play them.
10 Children need to sleep
a. six hours a day.

36
Natural Science 3
b. eight hours a day.
c. ten hours a day.
Keeping healthy
INVESTIGATE
Name
Date
Food and teeth

Egg shell is very similar to tooth enamel.
We can use it to see how different liquids
can damage tooth enamel.
Instructions
1. Work in groups.
2. Each group has 3 pieces of clean egg shell, 3 jars, water, some lemon juice and some
cola drink.
3. Put a piece of egg shell in a jar with water, another in a jar with lemon juice and another
in a jar with the cola drink.
4. Label the three jars.
5. Leave them on a shelf for a week and observe how the pieces of shell change.
water
lemon juice
cola drink
Does the colour change?
Are there any stains?
Is the piece of shell weaker?
7. Compare the results and answer the questions.

a. Which shell changed colour the most?

b. Which shell was the most damaged?

c. Do you think these liquids would affect your teeth in the same way?

Natural Science 3
37
Animals
REINFORCEMENT
Name
Date
1 Read the definitions and match.
a. These animals eat plants.
scavengers
b. These animals eat meat.
omnivores
c. These animals feed on dead animals.
carnivores
d. These animals eat animals and plants.
decomposers
e. These animals feed on decaying matter.
herbivores
2 Classify the vertebrates.
mammals
birds
fish
reptiles
amphibians
3 Complete the table.
38
mammals
birds
fish
reptiles
amphibians
body covering
reproduction
breathing
Natural Science 3
REINFORCEMENT
4 Find five vertebrates. Then, complete.
These animals are all r

5 Match the bird group to the examples.
a. flightless bird
duck
b. waterfowl
eagle
c. bird of prey
canary
d. songbird
penguin
6 Look at the pictures and answer the questions.
a. What process is this?

b. What animals undergo this process?
c. What are the babies called?
Natural Science 3
39
Animals
EXTENSION
Name
Date
Animal talk
Animals do not talk like people, but they still
communicate with each other. For example, birds
sing and chirp, dogs bark, cats meow and lions roar.
The blue whale is not only the largest animal
on Earth, but also the loudest. Blue whales emit
very loud and repetitive sounds that travel many
kilometres underwater. The call of a blue whale can
reach up to 188 decibels. This is much louder than
a jet engine, which is about 140 decibels. Human
shouting is 70 decibels.
Sounds over 120 decibels are painful to our ears.
1 Read and write T (true) or F (false). Then, correct the false sentences.
a. Blue whales are the largest and loudest animals on Earth.

b. Their sounds can be heard from very far away.
c. A decibel is a unit for measuring distance.
d. The sound of a jet engine is louder than the call of a blue whale.
e. Blue whale sounds can be painful to our ears.

2 Use the code to find out how animals communicate.
5 A 5 E 5 I 5 O 5 U
trmpt

40
chttr

Natural Science 3
qck

chrp

hss

Animals
EXTENSION
Name
Date
How animals protect themselves from the cold

During the winter, the days get
shorter and the temperatures drop.
So, animals need to protect
themselves from the cold.
Some animals, such as rabbits,
dogs, cats and polar bears, grow
thicker fur to keep themselves
warm. Some animals hibernate. This
means they sleep during the coldest
months of the year. For example,
squirrels, bears, turtles, bats and
frogs hibernate and sleep all winter.
Some animals migrate. This means they travel long distances to find warmer climates.
For example, storks, antelopes, whales, swallows and ducks migrate.
1 Write a definition for these words.
Hibernate:

Migrate:

2 Use the colour key and circle the illustrations.
migrate blue
hibernate red
Natural Science 3
41
Animals
ASSESSMENT
Name
Date
1 Write the five groups of vertebrate animals.
2 What group do these animals belong to?
3 Tick () the correct options.
All mammals:
a. have bones.
b. drink their mothers milk.
c. are born from their mothers womb.
d. can walk when they are born.
4 Write an example of each type of animal.
marine mammal
flying mammal
primate
5 Read and circle the mistakes. Then, write the correct words.
Reptiles are viviparous animals. They breathe through gills.

Their skin is covered with hair. Most of them live on land and slither.

42
Natural Science 3
ASSESSMENT
6 Complete the sentences with Fish or Amphibians.
a.
have bare skin.
b.
breathe only through gills.
c.
breathe through lungs and their skin.
7 Circle the word related to birds in each pair.
animals plants
vertebrate invertebrate
wings fins
feathers fur
oviparous viviparous
8 What animal is it?
This animal is different when it is young and when it is an adult.

When it is born, it lives in water, breathes through gills and has a tail.
When it is an adult, it can live on land, it breathes using lungs and has legs.
It is a
9 Write the name of two animals which match the descriptions.
a. They breathe through lungs.
b. They breathe through gills.
c. They have scales.
d. They move using fins.
10 Complete the table.
mammals
reptiles
fish
birds
amphibians
They breathe through
Their body is covered

with
They move using
Their reproduction is
Natural Science 3
43
Animals
TEST
Name
Date
1 Through the process of nutrition, animals obtain
a. energy.
b. information.
c. offspring.
2 Animals that feed on dead animals are
a. herbivores.
b. vertebrates.
c. scavengers.
3 Carnivores
a. feed on decaying plant and animal matter.

b. eat other animals.
c. eat food of plant and animal origin.
4 According to their type of reproduction, animals can be
a. oviparous or viviparous.
b. mammals or birds.
c. aquatic or terrestrial.
b. legs.
c. an exoskeleton.
5 All vertebrates have
a. a spinal column.
6 Mammals are viviparous because
a. they like milk.

b. they are born from their mothers womb.
c. they breathe air through their lungs.
7 Dolphins and whales are
a. cetaceans.
b. fish.
c. oviparous.
8 All birds are oviparous. This means that they
a. can sing to communicate.

b. have got webbed feet.
c. are born from eggs.
9 Lizards, snakes, crocodiles and tortoises are
a. invertebrates.
b. reptiles.
c. carnivores.
10 Fish are
a. aquatic vertebrates that breathe through lungs.

b. aquatic vertebrates that breathe through gills.
c. aquatic invertebrates with bare skin.
44
Natural Science 3
Animals
INVESTIGATE
Name
Date
1 How can you classify animals? Make an index card.
Instructions
1. Work in groups of four.
2. Search the Internet for information about an exotic animal. Draw the animal
or print out photographs and glue them onto separate pieces of card.
3. On the back of each card, write about your animal.
Animal name:
Habitat:
Vertebrate / Invertebrate
Food:
Reproduction:
Body covering:
Movement:
4. Play Guess the animal with a partner, using the information on the back of your cards.
Natural Science 3
45
Invertebrates
REINFORCEMENT
Name
Date
1 Write the groups of invertebrates. Then, match them to the correct pictures.
a. They are simple aquatic invertebrates. They live attached to rocks. Their bodies are full
of pores and are sac-shaped.
They are
b. They have got poisonous tentacles and jelly-like bodies. Jellyfish are in this group.
They are
c. They have got long, soft bodies and no legs. Thy live in soil, in water or inside other
bodies.
They are
d. Mussels, octopuses, squids and snails are in this group of invertebrates.

They are
e. They are marine animals. Their skeleton is made of hard plates. Starfish and sea
urchins are in this group.
They are
f. They have got an articulated exoskeleton made up of external plates. Insects,

arachnids, crustaceans and myriapods are in this group.
They are
2 Circle the correct word.
Invertebrates havent got a skeleton / spinal column.

46
Natural Science 3
REINFORCEMENT
3 Circle the correct words.
a. Worms, insects and spiders are vertebrates / invertebrates.

b. Mussels have got shells / exoskeletons.
c. Crabs have got hard / soft exoskeletons.
d. Jellyfish and earthworms have got / havent got a hard covering.
1
4 Complete the crossword

about insects.
2
3
6
DOWN
ACROSS
1. These parts help insects feel and smell.
4. This part contains wings and legs.
2. These hatch from eggs.
5. This part is divided into segments.
3. Invertebrates with six legs.
6. Insects fly with these.
5 Complete the sentences about molluscs.
Molluscs have got
bodies. Most of them have got one or two

to protect their bodies.
Most of them are
, like clams, but some are
like snails and slugs.

6 Write one or two examples of each.
a. molluscs that have got two shells
b. molluscs that have got a single shell
c. molluscs that have got limbs with suction cups


Natural Science 3
47
Invertebrates
EXTENSION
Name
Date
Head-foot
Cephalopods are animals such as squids, octopuses
and cuttlefish.
These sea creatures are unusual because their feet,
which are actually long tentacles, surround their mouth
and are attached to their heads. Cephalopod means
head-foot.
Did you know that the octopus is one of the most
intelligent of all the invertebrates in the marine world?
Octopuses also have excellent eyesight, although they cannot hear.
An octopuss soft body looks like a large bag. It lives on the ocean floor, and its eight
tentacles help it to move about and catch food. An octopus moves by jet propulsion: it
sucks water in, then squirts it out of its head so fast that it moves through the water!
Octopuses protect themselves in two ways. They squirt dark ink which blinds their
enemies so they have time to escape. They also change the colour of their skin sothat
they blend in with their surroundings. This helps them hide from their enemies.
1 Unscramble the words and find some examples of cephalopods.
dsuisq

a.
shuctitlfe
b.
otcpuoses
c.
2 Write T (true) or F (false). Then, correct the false sentences.
a. The octopus is one of the most intelligent invertebrates in the sea.

b. Cephalopod means head-legs.
c. Octopuses move by jet propulsion.
d. Octopuses have an excellent sense of hearing.
e. Octopuses have five tentacles.

48
Natural Science 3
Invertebrates
Name
EXTENSION
Date
Honey bees
Honey bees are flying insects that form
colonies and live in beehives. They work
together for the good of the community,
and each bee belongs to a specialized
group according to its work.
foto
abeja
In a beehive, there is one queen whose

role is to lay eggs to produce new bees.
Drones are male bees that mate with
the queen.
Worker bees are the most numerous
group. When they are young, they stay in the beehive to look after it and defend it. When
they are older, they fly outside to collect nectar and pollen from flowers to make honey for
their food. They are able to indicate to other bees where to find pollen by performing a
special dance.
Bees are necessary for plant reproduction because they transport pollen from one plant to
another. They can visit over 2,000 flowers in a day!
a. What is a beehive?

b. How many queens are there in a beehive?

c. What are drones?

d. What bees are in charge of collecting pollen and nectar?

e. Why are bees important for plant reproduction?

Natural Science 3
49
Invertebrates
ASSESSMENT
Name
Date
1 What do all invertebrates have in common?

2 Look at the illustrations and match.
mollusc
arthropod
B
cnidarian
worm
sponge
echinoderm
3 Circle the correct word. Then, write the sentences.
a. Jellyfish have tentacles / legs. Their bodies look like jelly / rocks.

b. Worms have soft / hard bodies. They are short / long.

c. Molluscs have hard / soft bodies. They usually have shells / scales.

d. Spiders have eight / six legs.

50
Natural Science 3
ASSESSMENT
4 Label the parts of the fly.
5 Number the illustrations in order.
a. Echinoderms live attached to rocks.

b. Sponges can live on land and in water.
c. Jellyfish have poisonous tentacles.
d. All worms are aquatic.
7 Write the group of arthropods these invertebrates belong to.
Natural Science 3
51
Invertebrates
TEST
Name
Date
1 Invertebrate animals
a. always live in warm places with high humidity.

b. havent got a spinal column.
c. have got long, soft bodies with no legs.
2 Sponges are
a. vertebrate animals that live in the sea.

b. aquatic invertebrates that live attached to rocks.
c. marine arthropods.
3 Jellyfish are
a. sponges.
b. vertebrates.
c. cnidarians.
b. the soil.
c. trees.
4 Earthworms live in
a. the sea.
5 Molluscs
a. are oviparous invertebrates with soft bodies.

b. can only live attached to rocks in the sea.
c. have got very bright colours.
6 Starfish and sea urchins are
a. arachnids.
b. echinoderms.
c. arthropods.
7 Insects, arachnids, crustaceans and myriapods are all
a. arthropods.
b. vertebrates.
c. herbivores.
8 Arthropods have got
a. many legs.
b. an articulated exoskeleton.
c. wings.
9 Insects bodies are divided into
a. head, thorax and abdomen.

b. antennae, legs and wings.
c. head, trunk and limbs.
10 Spiders have got
a. ten legs.
52
Natural Science 3
b. eight legs.
c. six legs.
Invertebrates
INVESTIGATE
Name
Date
1 Where do live arthropods? Find them!
Instructions
1. Look for small invertebrate animals that live near your school. Identify them and write down
their names in the table below.
2. Some of them can bite or sting you, so dont touch them. Instead, search the Internet
for pictures of them.
3. Complete the table with their characteristics.
name
legs
antennae
articulated body
wings
head, thorax
andabdomen
exoskeleton
other body
protection
4. Classify your arthropods according to their characteristics.

a. insects
b. arachnids
c. crustaceans
d. myriapods
Natural Science 3
53
Animals and people
REINFORCEMENT
Name
Date
1 Circle the foods that come from animals.
2 What materials do we obtain from these animals? What things can we make
with them?
a. Sheep give us
We can make
b. Cows give us
We can make
. We can make
c. Silkworms give us
3 Find seven animals that can be used for transport. Then, write.
o
i
x
p
q
o
s
d

4 Which things can you use for birdwatching? Colour the words.
radio
54
Natural Science 3
binoculars
motorbike
telescope
rope
field guide
REINFORCEMENT
extensive raise intensive livestock

a. Farmers
called
animals for their meat, milk, eggs or skins. This is

farming.
b. In
farming, animals live in the open and eat grass.
c. In
farming, animals live fenced in and farmers feed them.
6 What kind of livestock farming is it?
7 Match the animals to the types of livestock.
poultry
cattle
sheep
pigs
goats
Natural Science 3
55
Animals and people

Name
EXTENSION
Date
The Chinese calendar

The Chinese calendar is based on the
phases of the Moon. The Chinese
New Year is not always on the
same date: it begins between
the end of January and the
middle of February.
The Chinese calendar follows
a 12-year pattern. Each
year is named after an
animal. According to
legend, Buddha invited all
of the animals to join him for
a New Years celebration,
but only 12 animals appeared.
To reward these animals,
Buddha named a year after each
one. The first year was the Year of
the Rat. The second year was the Year
of the Ox. This was followed by the Year of
the Tiger, and the years of the Rabbit, Dragon,
Snake, Horse, Sheep, Monkey, Rooster, Dog and finally,
the Pig. According to Chinese tradition, people have the characteristics
of the animal of the year when they were born.
1 Search the Internet to find the animal of this years Chinese calendar.
Find and write a list of this animals characteristics.

2 Look at the calendar. In which year were you born? Which animal represents that
year? Find out and write the characteristics you share with this animal.

56
Natural Science 3
Animals and people
EXTENSION
Name
Date
Groundhog Day
Groundhog Day is a holiday celebrated each
year on the 2nd February, in the United
States of America and Canada. In the
States, thousands of people go to
Punxsutawney, Pennsylvania, to see this
event. On this date, a special groundhog,
called Phil, comes out of his burrow after
hibernating all winter. Groundhog Phil
predicts the weather for the rest of the
winter. According to tradition, if it is sunny
on the 2nd February and the groundhog sees
its shadow, it returns to its burrow.
This means that winter weather will continue
for six more weeks. If it is cloudy and the
groundhog doesnt see its shadow,
it means that spring weather will
arrive soon.
1 Match these words from the text to their definitions.
a. groundhog forecast
b. burrow
be in a dormant condition in the winter months
c. hibernate
a dark shape produced when light is blocked
d. predict
a small, brown, furry animal with short legs
e. shadow
a hole or tunnel in the ground where a small animal lives
a. Groundhogs hibernate in winter.

b. On Groundhog Day, a groundhog predicts the weather for summer.
c. If the groundhog sees its shadow, it means the end of winter.

Natural Science 3
57
Animals and people
ASSESSMENT
Name
Date
1 Write the benefits we obtain from these animals.
a. sheep
b. cows
c. bees
d. silkworms
e. pigs
f. chickens
2 Look and match.
intensive farming
extensive farming
3 Read and complete the sentences.
58
is the farming of bees to obtain h
is the farming of fish for food.

Natural Science 3
and wax.
ASSESSMENT
4 Complete the sentences about sheep farming.
a. A male sheep is a: r
b. A baby sheep is a: l
c. A female sheep is a: e
d. A person who takes care of

sheep is a: s
e. S
means to
cut off a sheeps wool.
f. The place where sheep are kept
at night is a: p
.
5 Read and write T (true) or F (false).
a. Leather is made by tanning animal skins.

b. Livestock farming means animal farming.
c. There are only two types of livestock farming: cattle and sheep.
d. Birdwatching is a hobby.
6 Draw some farm animals. Write which things we obtain from them.

Natural Science 3
59
Animals and people
TEST
Name
Date
1 These days, a lot of food from animals is obtained
a. by keeping bees in beehives.

b. by hunting wild animals.
c. by livestock farming and fishing.
2 The two types of animal farming are
a. livestock and extensive farming.

b. extensive and intensive farming.
c. intensive and livestock farming.
3 From animals, people obtain materials for clothing such as
a. wool, leather and silk.

b. leather, plastic and iron.
c. cotton, hemp and silk.
4 Leather is made
a. with animal skins.

b. with milk, eggs and honey.
c. with animal hairs.
5 Common types of livestock are
a. insects and myriapods.

b. cattle, sheep, pigs, goats and poultry.
c. cows, sheep, pigs, sharks and insects.
6 Beekeeping is the farming of bees in order to obtain
a. meat and honey.
b. honey and wax.
c. wool and wax.
b. intensive farming.
c. zoologists.
7 Most poultry is raised by
a. extensive farming.
8 People who vaccinate animals to prevent illnesses are
a. shepherds.
b. farmers.
c. vets.
9 When wool is cut off a sheep, we call it
a. shearing.
b. herds.
c. flock.
10 Books that help you to identify different types of animals are called
a. dictionaries.
60
Natural Science 3
b. binoculars.
c. field guides.
Animals and people
INVESTIGATE
Name
Date
Egg labels
Look closely at an egg box next time you buy some
eggs. You can find a number which indicates the method
of production:
0 = organic egg production. The indoor space is 1 m2 for
6 hens. The outdoor space is 4 m2 for each hen. Hens
eat freely outside.
1 = free-range eggs. The indoor space is 1 m2 for 9 hens.
The outdoor space is 4 m2 for each hen.
2 = indoor farming. The indoor space is 1 m2 for 9 hens.
The hens are not kept in cages.
3 = cage farming. The indoor space is 1 m2 for 18 hens.
The hens are kept in cages.
1 In your notebook, draw squares for each method of producing hens. Draw the hens
inside. Add the outdoor space where it corresponds. Then, answer the questions.
a. Which hens live in the most crowded space?

b. Which hens can spend time outside?
2 Look at the prices of different eggs in a supermarket and write them.
0:
1:
2:
3:
a. Which eggs are the most expensive?

b. Which eggs are the cheapest?

Natural Science 3
61
Plants
REINFORCEMENT
Name
Date
1 Read and write tree, bush or grass. Then, match.
a. A
has a short, woody stem.
b.
have a soft, flexible stem.
c. A
has a thick, woody stem called a trunk.
2 Read and complete the words.
a. They grow from the stems and branches.
b. They fix the plant to the ground.
c. They can be woody or soft.
3 Unscramble the words and label the diagram.
taple
epsal
isptil
mestan
4 Complete the sentences. Write male or female.
The pistil is the

The stamens are the
62
Natural Science 3
part of the flower.

parts of the flower.
REINFORCEMENT
5 Complete the sentences about the stages of reproduction of a plant.

Then, write a, b, c or d next to the drawings.
germinates seeds pistil stamens

a. Pollen is formed in the
b. A grain of pollen reaches

the
of another
flower.
c. The ovary matures and turns
into fruit. The fruit contains
the
.
d. When a seed falls to the ground,
it
and a new
plant grows.
6 What do plants need to grow? Label the drawing.
c
d
m
w
7 Read and match.
mosses and ferns
angiosperms and gymnosperms
flowering plants
non-flowering plants
Natural Science 3
63
Plants
EXTENSION
Name
Date
Floral emblems
Many countries have a flower or a plant as a national symbol. In some countries,
there are also floral emblems for each region. Floral emblems are usually plants that grow
in abundance in the country. The four countries that make up Great Britain each have their
own floral emblem.
The national flower

of England is the rose.
The national flower

of Scotland is the thistle.
The national flower

of Northern Ireland
is the shamrock.
The national flower

of Wales is the daffodil.
a. What are floral emblems?

b. What is the floral emblem of England?

c. Does your country have a floral emblem?

d. What flower would you like as the floral emblem of your region?

e. Describe your floral emblem.

64
Natural Science 3
Plants
EXTENSION
Name
Date
The Venus flytrap

The Venus flytrap is a small, carnivorous plant.
Its sweet-scented leaves attract insects.
These leaves open and close like jaws to capture
insects. When the plant is touched, sensitive hairs
on the inside of the leaves send signals to the plant.
So, when an insect touches one of these hairs,
the leaves snap shut. The plant then slowly digests
the trapped insect. After about aweek, all that is left of the insect is its hard exoskeleton.
The Venus flytrap can live in soils with a low mineral content because it obtains minerals
from the insects it captures.
a. The Venus flytrap is a carnivorous plant.

b. The plants beautiful flowers attract insects.
c. Sensitive hairs send signals to the plant.
d. The Venus flytrap obtains minerals from insects.
e. A Venus flytrap takes about a month to digest an insect.

2 Search the Internet for carnivorous plants. Choose one and complete
theindexcard.
Name:
Where does it grow?
What animals does it trap?
How does it get nutrients?
Natural Science 3
65
Plants
ASSESSMENT
Name
Date
1 Label the plant. Then, answer the question.
Is the stem of this plant woody or herbaceous? Explain.

2 Label the parts of the leaf. Then, read and tick ().
a. Classify the leaf according to the edge.

smooth
lobed
jagged
b. Classify the leaf according to the shape.

palmate
heart-shaped
needle-shaped
ferns gymnosperms rhizoids seeds angiosperms flowers mosses

Flowering plants produce
groups are
with
, like apple trees, and
and
of mosses are called
66
Natural Science 3
. The two main

, like pine trees.
are non-flowering plants. The roots

.
ASSESSMENT
4 Read and complete the text about plant nutrition.
carbon dioxide photosynthesis roots raw sap

water sunlight elaborated sap mineral salts
Plants make their own food through
They absorb
and
from the soil through their
. This mixture is the
. Plants also absorb
and
from the air. They then transform
the raw sap into
5 Find and circle five parts of the flower. Then, complete the sentences.
a. It is the female part of the flower. It contains the ovary. It is the
b. The
are the small green leaves that protect the flower.
c. The
are the male parts of the flower. They produce pollen.
d. The
are coloured leaves. They form the
6 Match the sentences to the life processes that plants carry out.
a. Plants make elaborated sap.

b. The leaves and stems grow towards the light.
c. Pollen is produced in the stamens.
sensitivity
nutrition
reproduction
Natural Science 3
67
Plants
TEST
Name
Date
1 The main parts of a plant are
a. the roots, the leaves and the pistil.

b. the roots, the stems and the branches.
c. the roots, the leaves and the stem.
2 Herbaceous stems are
a. soft and flexible.
b. hard and rigid.
c. hard and flexible.
3 Leaves are classified according to their
a. colour.
b. shape and edge.
c. size.
4 Gymnosperms
a. are non-flowering plants.

b. do not produce fruits.
c. do not produce seeds.
5 The female part of a plant is
a. the corolla.
b. the calyx.
c. the pistil.
6 Plants respond to changes in the environment because they have
a. roots.
b. sensitivity.
c. stamens.
7 The process by which plants make their own food is called
a. respiration.
b. photosynthesis.
c. transpiration.
8 There are two main groups of flowering plants
a. angiosperms and gymnosperms.

b. mosses and gymnosperms.
c. angiosperms and ferns.
9 Angiosperms usually have beautiful flowers and
a. produce fruit with seeds inside.

b. seeds grouped together in cones.
c. have leaves all year round.
10 Non-flowering plants have rhizoids which
a. fix the plant to the soil.

b. feed the plant.
c. produce the seeds.
68
Natural Science 3
Plants
INVESTIGATE
Name
Date
1 What do plants need to grow?
Instructions
1. Work in groups of four. Each group
has four small plants, a paper bag,
atransparent plastic bag and water.
2. Label the plants as follows: 1. no water;
2.no light; 3. no air; 4. control plant.
3. Place the paper bag over plant
number 2, so it doesnt receive
anylight.
4. Place the plastic bag over plant
number 3, so it doesnt get any air.
5. Put the plants on a window sill
andwater them regularly, except
forplant number 1. Make sure the
control plant has air, light andwater.
6. Observe the growth of the plants over the next four weeks and record your
observations. Complete the table.
week
plant 1
plant 2
plant 3
plant 4
7. Compare your results and answer the questions.

a. Did all the plants grow the same?
b. Which plant was the healthiest?
c. Which plant was the least healthy?
Natural Science 3
69
Animals and plants
REINFORCEMENT
Name
Date
1 Look and match the pictures to the areas.
forest
shrubland
grassland
desert
high shrubland forest vegetation fertile drought scarce arid low poor
a. Trees grow in

soil with
Many trees together form a
b. Bushes grow in places with

soil and
humidity. An area dominated by bushes is a
c. Grasslands are areas with long periods of

are
humidity.
.
. Trees and bushes
because they need water all year round.
d. Deserts do not have much water and the soil is

. There is little
. Only plants that need little water can live in deserts.
3 Where do these animals live? Explain.

70
Natural Science 3
REINFORCEMENT
4 Find and circle eight animals. Then, write.

s

5 Classify these marine animals.
whales seals sharks sardines turtles tuna
They breathe through lungs
They breathe through gills
a. Sponges are marine invertebrates.

b. Elephants are terrestrial mammals.
c. Seabirds live in small tunnels underground.
d. All fish live in fresh water.
e. Snakes havent got legs, so they slither.
f. Corals move about the seabed.
Natural Science 3
71
Animals and plants
EXTENSION
Name
Date
A frozen land
Tundras are one of the coldest and harshest
areas on Earth. They are found in the Arctic,
where the weather is extremely cold, dry and
windy. Trees cannot grow in tundras, but there
are many low plants. The Arctic tundra has
average temperatures of 12 C to 6 C. This
means that the top layer of soil, called the
permafrost, is almost always frozen.
In winter, the permafrost is covered with
a thick layer of snow, and no plants are visible.
In summer, there are 24 hours a day of sunlight,
and the surface of the permafrost melts. Wildflowers appear everywhere.
Many animals live in the Arctic tundra, including Arctic foxes, polar bears, caribous and
snow geese. Unfortunately, as a result of global warming, temperatures are rising. This is
causing the permafrost to melt. The Arctic tundra is in danger.
1 Read the text and circle the correct word.
a. Tundras are found in the Arctic / Antarctic.

b. In the summer, there are 12 / 24 hours a day of sunlight.
c. The top layer of the soil is the tundra / permafrost.
d. Winter in the Arctic tundra is extremely warm / cold.
e. Global warming / Acid rain is harming the Arctic tundra.
2 Search the Internet for three animal species from the Arctic tundra.
Write what they eat.
animals
72
food
Natural Science 3
Animals and plants
EXTENSION
Name
Date
Fast and slow animals

Animals move at different
speeds. Walking at a normal
pace, people usually walk
five or six kilometres per
hour. Some very slow
animals take a whole year to
travel the same distance as
a fast animal can travel in
one hour!
animals
on land
in the air
in water
slow
animals
Sloths move at 12
metres per hour.
Small flies move at 35

kilometres per hour.
Perches swim at 2.1

fast
animals
Cheetahs can run at

100 kilometres per hour.
Falcons can fly at 300

Sailfish can swim at 110

1 Read the text and the table. Then, answer the questions.
a. Which animal is the slowest on land?

b. Which animal is the fastest on land?
c. Does the slowest animal move on land, in the air or in water?
d. Does the fastest animal move on land, in the air or in water?
2 Find your favourite animal on the Internet.
Draw it. Then, find out how fast it moves
and complete the sentences.
My favourite animal is the
It moves at
Natural Science 3
73
Animals and plants
ASSESSMENT
Name
Date
1 Write the names of these areas.
a. Vegetation depends on soil, climate, relief and humidity.

b. Pines, oaks and beeches are types of bushes.
c. The African Savannah is a grassland area.
d. Deserts are areas with fertile soil and high humidity.
e. Grass in grasslands dies in drought periods.

3 What is vegetation? Explain.

4 Read and complete the words.
74
a. All the plants in an area, region or country.
b. A long period of little or no rainfall.
c. A grassland area in Africa.
d. An area dominated by bushes.
Natural Science 3
h
u
ASSESSMENT
5 Read the text and complete.
oxygen lungs surface marine rivers

Some aquatic animals live in the sea.
They are
animals.
Others live in fresh water, in lakes or
Aquatic animals spend most of their lives in water. Many of them

breathe in
from the water through gills.
Others come to the
of the water to breathe in air,
through
6 Circle the correct animal.
bat / bird
a. A mammal that can fly.

b. A mollusc that lives fixed to the rocks on the seabed.
sea urchin / mussel

skater / butterfly
c. An insect that glides on the surface of the water.
snake / salamander
d. A reptile that slithers.
eagle / duck
e. A water bird.
7 Read, then write the correct word.
a. Squirrels live most of the time in
and swing from branch to branch.
trees bushes tunnels

b. Snakes havent got legs, so they
.
fly slither jump
c. Many small animals live in tunnels
in the sea in small houses underground
Natural Science 3
75
Animals and plants
TEST
Name
Date
1 Vegetation is
a. all the plants that live in an area, region or country.

b. all the plants and animals that live in an area.
c. the flowers that grow on trees.
2 Many trees growing together make up a
a. grass area.
b. forest.
c. desert.
3 We obtain honey and wax from
a. bees.
b. spiders.
c. sheep.
4 Shrublands are areas
a. with long periods of drought where forests cannot grow.

b. dominated by bushes.
c. dominated by cactuses.
5 African savannahs are
a. deserts.
b. forests.
c. grasslands.
6 A desert is
a. an area where there is a lot of sand.

b. an area with arid soil and little water.
c. a kind of vegetation.
7 Corals live in
a. the sea.
b. fresh water.
c. either the sea or fresh water.
8 Marine mammals, like dolphins or whales,
a. must come up to the surface to breathe.

b. dont need to breathe air from the surface.
c. breathe through gills.
9 Terrestrial animals
a. do not need water.
b. live on land.
c. have wings to walk about.
b. seabird.
c. slithering reptile.
10 A bat is a
a. flying mammal.
76
Natural Science 3
Animals and plants

Name
INVESTIGATE
Date
1 Which animals and plants share the same area?
Instructions
1. Work in groups.
2. Choose one of these areas: shrubland, desert, grassland or forest.
3. Search the Internet for plants and animals that live in your habitat. Find out what
they eat and how they reproduce. Print out or draw pictures.
4. Make a poster with your pictures. Write the names of the animals, what they eat
(carnivore, herbivore or omnivore) and how they reproduce (oviparous or viviparous).
5. Show your poster to your classmates and tell them about your favourite animal
or plant.
Natural Science 3
77
Matter
REINFORCEMENT
Name
Date
space volume matter substances mass

Everything around us that takes up
is made up of
All objects have two properties:

object, and
, which is the amount of matter in an
, which is the amount of space an object occupies. The
different types of matter are called
2 How do you measure mass and volume? Look and match.
mass
volume
3 What are the three states of water? Write solid, liquid or gas.
4 Write yes or no and give an example.
fixed shape
78
fixed volume
example
solids
liquids
gases
Natural Science 3
REINFORCEMENT
5 Use the clues to complete the changes of state.
a. Ice changes into liquid water.
b. Liquid water changes into ice.
c. Liquid water changes into water vapour.

d. Water vapour changes into liquid water.
v
n
6 Label the diagram.
water vapour
water
ice
7 Which photo shows a chemical change? Tick ().
Natural Science 3
79
Matter
EXTENSION
Name
Date
Lovely ice cream!

What happens to ice cream in very hot weather? You have to
eat it quickly before it melts!
Ice cream is made with frozen milk, thats why it is solid. When
you take it out of the freezer, it begins to melt and turns into a
liquid. The flavour, though, remains the same.
When frozen ice cream melts and becomes liquid, it goes
through a physical change of state.
But the ice cream flavour does not change. It still tastes wonderful!
a. Ice cream is solid because it is made of frozen milk.

b. Ice cream melts when the temperature decreases.
c. When ice cream melts, there is a chemical change.
d. When ice cream melts, its flavour does not change.

2 Find and circle six ice cream flavours. Then, write.
80
Natural Science 3

Matter
Name
EXTENSION
Date
The Wobbly Bridge

The Millennium Bridge in London is a
very popular tourist destination. It is
a pedestrian bridge, so cars cannot
cross it. When you are standing
on the bridge, you can see many
of Londons historical buildings, such
as St. Pauls Cathedral and the Globe
Theatre. The bridge also appears in films,
such as Harry Potter and the Half-Blood
Prince and many Bollywood films.
The Millennium Bridge is made of concrete and steel, so it is very strong. It can
hold up to 5,000 people at one time. But when it opened in 2000, people said
the bridge moved under their feet! This problem was corrected, but even today,
people still call it The Wobbly Bridge.
a. Where is the Millennium Bridge?

b. What can you see when you are standing on the bridge?

c. What is it made of?

d. How many people can it hold at one time?

e. When was the bridge opened for the first time?

f. Why do people call it The Wobbly Bridge?

g. Can you name a popular bridge in your country?

Natural Science 3
81
Matter
ASSESSMENT
Name
Date
1 Answer the questions.
a. What is matter?

b. What is volume?

c. What are the three states of matter?

d. What is a substance?

2 Use the clues to complete the text.
All objects have two properties in common: m

and v
. Objects also have other properties,
depending on what s
they are made of.
These properties are: c

and h
,s
,l
. These properties help us to distinguish
one substance from another.

3 Label the illustrations.
liquid
Natural Science 3
gas

82
solid

ASSESSMENT
4 Write T (true) and F (false). Then, correct the false sentences.
a. Solids have a fixed shape and a fixed volume.

b. Liquids do not have a fixed shape nor a fixed volume.
c. Gases have a fixed volume, but the shape can vary because
they adopt the shape of the container they are in.

5 Read and cross out the wrong words.
a. Chemical changes / Physical changes are when substances change into

different substances.
b. Contraction / Combustion is a physical change.
c. Matter / A mixture is when two or more substances are mixed together.
6 What physical change takes place? Write mixture, change of shape, change of size
or change of state.
a. You pour sugar in milk and stir it.
b. You fold a paper and make a paper boat.
c. You heat the air inside a balloon and it expands.

d. You heat water and it turns to vapour.
7 Complete the chart with solidification, condensation, melting and evaporation.
solid
liquid
gas
Natural Science 3
83
Matter
TEST
Name
Date
1 Everything around us that takes up space is made up of
a.wood.
b.matter.
c.water.
b. an object.
c. a substance.
2 Each type of matter is
a. air.
3 The amount of matter in objects is called
a.mass.
b.volume.
c.density.
b.centimetres.
c.litres.
4 Volume is measured in
a.kilogrammes.
5 Gases
a. have a fixed shape and a fixed volume.

b. have a fixed volume, but their shape can change.
c. do not have a fixed shape nor a fixed volume.
6 There are two types of changes in matter
a. condensation and solidification.

b. physical and chemical changes.
c. mixtures and evaporation.
7 Contraction is
a. combustion.
b. a physical change.
c. a chemical change.
8 When the temperature of an object increases
a. it gets bigger. This is called expansion.

b. it gets smaller. This is called contraction.
c. it gets bigger. This is called contraction.
9 Melting is
a. when a gas is cooled and changes into a liquid.

b. when a solid is heated and changes into a liquid.
c. when a liquid is cooled and changes into a solid.
10 When a substance changes into another different substance it is called
a. chemical change.
84
Natural Science 3
b. expansion.
c. physical change.
Matter
INVESTIGATE
Name
Date
1 Does air really take up space? Try two experiments.
Instructions
Work with a partner. Do the following easy experiments.
You need a tank or large bowl of water, a dry sponge and an empty plastic bottle.
Experiment A
Squeeze a dry sponge inside a tank
or bowl of water. What do you see?
Complete the table.
Experiment B
Put an empty plastic bottle sideways
inside a tank or bowl of water. What
do you see? Complete the table.
first minute
Experiment A
Experiment B
after a few minutes
Natural Science 3
85
Materials and machines
REINFORCEMENT
Name
Date
1 Classify the materials.
wood
paper
granite
leather
pottery
glass
natural materials
man-made materials
2 Tick () the materials that come from animals.
wool
hemp
leather
wood
silk
cotton
3 Read and match.
a. Hemp
is used to make furniture.
b. Wood
is used to make fabrics.
c. Cotton
4 Complete the stages involved in making paper.
belt pulp impurities wood spools

a.
is broken up into small pieces.
b. The pieces are mixed with other substances to make

c. The pulp is filtered to get rid of
d. The paper pulp is spread onto a moving

e. The final product is wound onto
86
Natural Science 3
.
.
REINFORCEMENT
5 How do these machines work?

Use the key and circle.
energy from electricity red

energy from people blue
6 Choose two machines from Activity 5. Explain what they are used for.
a. We use
to
b.
to
7 Classify these machines.
pliers
fan
telephone
pulley
compound machines
simple machines

8 Complete the crossword about simple machines.
Across
1. A ramp (two words).
Down
2
1
2. A rigid bar.
3. A solid disk that turns on an axle.
4. A wheel with a rope around it.
Natural Science 3
87
EXTENSION
Name
Date
The wheel
The wheel is one of the most important inventions of all
time. It changed our means oftransport forever.
The wheel is a simple machine that was invented over
5,000 years ago. It consists of a disk that turns on an
axle. The first wheels were simple disks made of solid
wood. Wheels with spokes were invented over 1,000
years later.
Later, wheels were made of metal. This allowed heavy
objects to be moved from one place toanother.
After that, metal wheels were covered with rubber
and cork. These wheels are still used today because
they are so light and resilient.
1 Circle the illustration of the oldest wheel. Then, answer the question.
Why do you think this is the oldest wheel?

2 Think about life before the invention of the wheel. How do you think people moved
heavy objects?

88
Natural Science 3

Name
EXTENSION
Date
Where does paper come from?

Paper was invented in China over 2,000
years ago.
Originally, paper was made of pulp produced
by boiling cloth and old fishing nets!
Nowadays, paper is made of pulp from wood.
Large plantations of trees are grown. The trees
are cut down, then chopped into small wood
chips. These chips are soaked in water and
chemicals to form wood pulp.
The pulp is bleached to remove tree bark and sap. Next, the pulp is drained
and squeezed to remove all the excess water, then placed in huge drying machines.
The pulp is then attached to spools and placed in cutting machines.
Today, lots of different paper products are made from recycled paper. Using recycled
paper to make new paper has less impact on the environment, and is better for
the planet.
Recycled paper is used for everything from paper plates to toilet paper!
1 Read and write True or False.
a. Paper was invented 2,000 years ago in India.
b. Originally, the pulp used to make paper came from boiled cloth.
c. These days the pulp is made of wood chips soaked in water
and chemicals.
d. The pulp is cleaned with bleach to remove sap and bark.
e. Recycled paper is only used to make toilet paper.
2 Search the Internet. How is paper recycled? Write three or four sentences
describing the process.

Natural Science 3
89
ASSESSMENT
Name
Date
1 Name the materials used to make these objects. Then, write N (natural)
or M (man-made) next to each material.
2 Write the raw materials.
a.paper
b.iron
c.plastic
a. A pulley makes it difficult to lift heavy objects.

b. A ramp is an inclined plane.
c. A lever is a bar which rests on a pivot point.
d. A wheel rotates around a pivot point.
e. A pulley rotates around an axle.
4 Name one invention for each category. Then, write what energy it uses.
energy
invention
90
transport
communication
cleaning the house
Natural Science 3
ASSESSMENT
energy communicate time effort people

a. Machines save us
and
b. A telephone is a machine that lets us

c. All machines need
.
to work.
d. Scissors need energy from
to work.
6 Write what type of energy these machines use.
7 Complete the text.
operating handle bar complex levers people gear

A bicycle is a
machine because it is made up of many

parts. It has got two wheels, a
that helps steer the bicycle, and two pedals that act as
The pedals turn a
that moves a chain. The chain connects the
pedals to the back wheel. The bicycle needs energy from

to work.
Natural Science 3
91
TEST
Name
Date
1 Natural materials
a. come from animals, plants and minerals.

b. are manufactured from other materials.
c. are very hard and resistant.
2 Paper, glass and plastic are
a. man-made materials.
b. natural materials.
c. chemical materials.
3 The raw material used to make paper is
a. petroleum.
b. wood.
c. leather.
4 Wool, leather and silk are examples of materials that come from
a. animals.
c. minerals.
b. plants.
5 Machines
a. help us to save time and energy and make our work easier.
b. are objects that we can see in museums.
c. are only used for transport.
6 A car is a complex machine because
a. it needs petrol to function.

b. it is made up of many operating parts.
c. it is used to travel.
7 A pulley is
a. a complex machine.
b. a simple machine.
c. not a machine.
8 An inclined plane might be used to
a. enter a building in a wheelchair.

b. transport products over long distances.
c. apply force when cracking a nut.
9 In order to work, all machines need
a. electricity.
b. energy.
c. a motor.
10 The printing press, the plane or the watermill are examples of
a. means of transport.
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Natural Science 3
b. gears.
c. inventions.
INVESTIGATE
Name
Date
1 What simple and complex machines do you use in everyday life?
Instructions
1. Work in groups of four to make a poster.
2. Use magazines and catalogues to find
pictures of simple and complex machines
used in everyday life. Cut the pictures out
and sort them into two piles: simple and
complex machines.
3. Divide a piece of card into two sections.
Write two titles: Simple machines and
Complex machines. Glue the pictures
onthe corresponding section and label
them.
4. Next to each picture, write the energy
source each machine needs to work.
5. Once the poster is finished, complete
thetable. You can also add other
machines which do not appear on
yourposter.
machines I use in everyday life
simple machines
complex machines
6. Analyse your table and draw conclusions.

I mainly use simple / complex machines in everyday life.
I mainly use machines that need human energy / electricity / petrol to work.
7. Compare your conclusions with your group.
Natural Science 3
93
Energy and the environment
REINFORCEMENT
Name
Date
1 Complete the crossword about forms of energy.
ACROSS
1. Energy that makes
a computer work.
2. Energy produced
by a radiator.
6
2
3. Energy in a pizza.
4. Energy inside uranium.
DOWN
5. Energy in a ball that

is falling.
6. Energy from a lamp.
4
2 Circle six energy sources and classify them.
algascoal
sun
wat
tur
a
er
n
petr
d
oleumwin
non-renewable energy sources
renewable energy sources

a. In a toaster,
b. In a light bulb,
c. In a torch,
94
Natural Science 3
energy transforms into

energy.
energy.
energy.
REINFORCEMENT
4 How do we know these things have got energy? Write an example for each.
a. the wind
b. a football player
5 Read and correct this sentence.
Wind, water and sunlight are energy sources. They will run out soon!

6 What fossil fuels are they? Read and answer.
a. We use it in cars and to make plastics.
b. It is a rock. We get it from mines.
c. It goes to houses and factories along pipes.
7 Read and match.
a. They use fossil fuels.
thermal power plants
b. They use energy from the Sun.
hydroelectric power plants
c. They use mechanical energy from the wind.
solar power plants
d. They use mechanical energy from water.
wind farms
8 Look at the photos and describe the environmental problem.

Natural Science 3
95
EXTENSION
Name
Date
The steam engine

The 18th century was a crucial time in the
search for more sources of energy.
In the 18th century, societies were very
complex. People needed a lot of energy,
but they did not have many machines that
could make energy easier to use. At the
end of the 18th century, James Watt, a
Scottish inventor, invented the steam
engine.
This machine used energy from
water vapour that was produced
by burning coal. Energy from water vapour could move a wheel at a steady rhythm.
The steam engine was used in many different ways. For example, it was used in factories,
in mines and for means oftransport, especially trains.
Thanks to James Watts steam engine and other great inventions, large factories
werebuilt, and many people found jobs in these factories. This period of history is called
theIndustrialRevolution.
a. In what century was the steam engine invented?

b. Who invented the steam engine?

c. What was the steam engine used for?

2 Explain how the steam engine works. What kind of energy does water vapour
have?

96
Natural Science 3

Name
EXTENSION
Date
Windmills in Don Quixote

Do you know Don Quixote de la
Mancha? Then, you probably know
the scene inwhich Don Quixote
attacks windmills because he thinks
they are terrifying, evilgiants.
But what are the windmills that Don Quixote
fights, in reality? They are huge machines
that use the energy from wind to grind
grains of wheat andmake flour.
The wind turns the big sails that are on the
outside of the building. These move a series
of gears that turn a grinding stone that crushes the grains of wheat.
These windmills are not used anymore for grinding, but you can still see some
of them if you go to La Mancha.
a. What energy do windmills use to work?

b. What were windmills used for?

c. What kind of energy does the wind have? Tick ().
mechanical
chemical
thermal
d. Think of modern wind farms. How are modern wind turbines similar to the
oldwindmills?

e. Are modern wind farms used to grind grain? What are they used for?

Natural Science 3
97
ASSESSMENT
Name
Date
1 What is energy? Define in your own words.

2 Complete the forms of energy.
a. m
d. e
b. c
e. n
c. t
f. l
3 What type of energy have they got?
a. fuel
d. wind
b. uranium
e. water
c. sunlight
f. fire
4 Write the energy transformations in each object.
5 Write the names of the power plants.

98
Natural Science 3

ASSESSMENT
6 Classify the types of energy sources. Then, answer the questions.
coal sunlight wind petroleum uranium water

non-renewable energy sources
renewable energy sources

a. What is the difference between renewable and non-renewable energy sources?

b. Are fossil fuels renewable or non-renewable? Explain.

7 Match the type of power station to its source of energy.
thermal power station
hydroelectric power station

wind farm
wind
uranium
nuclear power station
water
fossil fuels
8 Write three different ways to save energy.

Natural Science 3
99
TEST
Name
Date
1 Something has got energy when
a. it can make something move or change position.

b. it is very bright.
c. It is very heavy and takes up a lot of space.
2 The wind has got
a. mechanical energy.
b. light energy.
c. chemical energy.
b. chemical energy.
c. electrical energy.
3 Food contains
a. light energy.
4 In a lamp,
a. mechanical energy transforms into thermal energy.

b. electrical energy transforms into light energy.
c. electrical energy transforms into chemical energy.
5 Renewable energy sources
a. will never run out.

b. are found in underground mines.
c. are running out very quickly.
6 Coal is
a. renewable.
b. non-renewable.
c. a pure substance.
7 Energy from the Sun and the wind is
a. renewable.
b. non-renewable.
c. impossible to store.
8 In hydroelectric power plants,
a. they use energy from the wind to produce electricity.

b. they use energy from water to produce electricity.
c. they use energy from the Sun to produce electricity.
9 The accumulation of harmful substances and waste products is called
a. the environment.
b. global warming.
c. pollution.
10 To reduce waste we should
a. practise the three Rs.

100
Natural Science 3
b. use a lot of water.
c. use plastic bags.

Name
INVESTIGATE
Date
The three 'Rs'

The three Rs are reduce, reuse and recycle. They
help us take care of the Earth and its limited resources.
Reducing what we use means using fewer natural
resources and less energy.
Reusing things twice or many times means less waste.
Recycling converts used items back into raw materials to make
new products. This preserves our natural resources and reduces waste.
1 What do you do at home to reduce, reuse and recycle? Write.
a. We reduce by using less
b. We reuse
c. We recycle
2 How do you recycle?
To make recycling easier, we have to separate

our rubbish into different containers. For example,
plastic goes in one container and cardboard goes
in another. How many different containers are there
where you live? Draw and colour.
plastic bag
cardboard box
Natural Science 3
101
Answer key
YOUR BODY
ASSESSMENT
REINFORCEMENT
PAGE 10
1. Classify the words.
PAGE 6
1. Label the body parts.
top to bottom: head, trunk, limbs.
2. Look at the diagram and write examples.
Model answer (MA)
a. brain; b. heart; c. leg.
PAGE 7
3. Write T (true) or F (false). Then, correct the false
sentences.
a. T; b. F; c. F; d. T; e. T; f. F.
Nutrition provides your body with energy and nutrients.
The process of sensitivity allows us to detect and respond
to changes in the environment.
Melanin protects your body from the harmful rays of
sunlight.
4. Match the stages of life to the pictures.
A. adolescence; B. childhood; C. old age; D. adulthood.
1st childhood; 2nd adolescence; 3rd adulthood;
4th old age.
EXTENSION
b. trunk: abdomen, thorax, back.

c. limbs: hand, leg, foot, arm.
2. Label the diagram.
left column: brain, stomach, muscle.
right column: lung, kidney, bone.
3. Draw two people and say how they are similar or
different.
OA
PAGE 11
4. Complete the sentences.
a. The life process of sensitivity is the ability of living things
to respond to changes in the environment.
b. During the life process of nutrition living things take in
food and absorb essential nutrients.
c. The life process of reproduction is the ability of all living
things to produce new living things of their own kind.
5. Number the stages of nutrition in the correct order.
order: b, d, a, c.
6. Read and circle the correct description.
childhood: Milk teeth fall out, and permanent teeth grow.
PAGE 8
1. Read the text and complete the sentences.
a. Skin colour is controlled by genes.
b. The Sun emits harmful rays.
c. Skin colour depends on the amount of melanin.
d. Melanin protects the skin from the harmful rays of
sunlight.
e. People with lighter skin have less melanin.
2. Search the Internet or magazines for photos of three
famous people with different skin colour.

a. head: forehead, face.
Open answer (OA)
adolescence: Your body prepares to become an adult.

adulthood: We can have children.
old age: Our bones become fragile. Our muscles are
weaker.
7. Write the four systems involved in nutrition.
digestive system, respiratory system, circulatory system
and excretory system.
TEST
PAGE 12
1. b; 2. a; 3. b; 4. a; 5. c; 6. a; 7. c; 8. b; 9. a; 10. c.
PAGE 9
a. T; b. T; c. F; d. T; e. F; f. F.
2. Have you ever broken a bone or do you know someone
who has?
MA

My friend Ana.
Her humerus.
She fell.
It took two months.
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Natural Science 3
INVESTIGATE
PAGE 13
OA
Answer key
YOUR SENSES
PAGE 17
REINFORCEMENT
1. Use the sign alphabet.
PAGE 14
1. Unscramble the words and label the diagram.
left column: iris, cornea, pupil.
right column: retina, optic nerve, lens.
2. Circle the five parts of the ear and complete the
sentences.
auditory nerve, ear canal, cochlea, small bones, eardrum.
a. Sound vibrations go into the outer ear and along
the ear canal.
b. The eardrum vibrates.
c. The vibration of the eardrum moves the three
small bones.
OA
2. Use the Braille alphabet.
OA
ASSESSMENT
PAGE 18
1. Write the five sense organs.
eyes, ears, skin, nose and tongue.
2. Label the parts of the eye.
left column: cornea, pupil.
right column: optic nerve, retina.
d. The sound then goes to the cochlea.
a. The eyes are the sense organs of sight.
e. The cochlea sends the sound through the auditory nerve

to the brain.
b. The eyelids, eyelashes and eyebrows protect the eyes.
PAGE 15
3. Read and complete the table.
smell: The sense organ is the nose. It allows you to capture
or identify smells.
taste: The sense organ is the tongue. It allows you to
capture or identify flavours.
touch: The sense organ is the skin. It allows you to capture
or identify different characteristics of objects.
4. Match the parts of the organs to their function.
a. taste buds: capture flavours of food.
b. epithelium: captures smells.
c. touch receptors: distinguish hot or cold.
d. retina: captures light.
e. cochlea: captures sound.
5. Label the diagram of the nose.
clockwise, starting top left: olfactory bulb, nasal cavity,
olfactory nerve, nostrils, olfactory epithelium.
EXTENSION
PAGE 16
a. T; b. F; c. F; d. F; e. T.
2. Complete the index card about guide dogs.
Job description: To help people move from place to place.
Most common breeds: Labradors and Golden Retrievers.
c. The pupil is the hole in the centre of the iris through

which light passes.
d. When we see an object, the information is sent to the
brain through the optic nerve.
4. Label the parts of the ear.
left column: pinna, eardrum.
right column: auditory nerve, cochlea.
PAGE 19
5. Circle the correct word.
a. The pinna captures the sound.
b. The cochlea sends the sound through the auditory nerve
to the brain.
c. The brain interprets the information.
6. What part of your nose captures smells?
Smell receptors in the olfactory epithelium capture smells.
a. Touch is the sense which allows you to identify
characteristics of the objects around you.
b. The sense organ of touch is the skin.
8. Label the diagram of the skin.
left column: hairs, touch receptors.
right: nerve.
9. Write the corresponding sense organ.
a. ear; b. nose; c. tongue; d. eye; e. eye; f. ear.
10. Give advice to look after your eyes and ears.
MA
Equipment: Harness.
Make sure there is enough light when you read or study

and dont look directly at the Sun.
Years of service: Approximately six.
Wash your ears daily, and dont put objects in your ears.
Natural Science 3
103
Answer key
TEST
FOOD AND NUTRIENTS
PAGE 20
REINFORCEMENT
1. a; 2. b; 3. a; 4. c; 5. b; 6. a; 7. b; 8. c; 9. a; 10. b.
INVESTIGATE
PAGE 22
1. Use the colour key and circle the words.
red: rice, olive oil, pasta, bacon, bread, butter, cheese.
PAGE 21
blue: sardines, yoghurt, eggs, milk.
OA
green: grapes, carrots, strawberries, lettuce.

2. Label the food wheel. Write carbohydrates, proteins,
fats, minerals and vitamins, water and exercise, and
calcium.
left column: carbohydrates, water and exercise, minerals
and vitamins.
right column: fats, proteins, calcium.
3. Why are water and exercise in the centre of the food
wheel?
They are in the centre because they are essential for good
health.
4. Match and make correct sentences.
a. A sufficient diet gives you the right amount of energy.
b. A balanced diet gives you the right amount of nutrients.
PAGE 23
5. Read and complete the sentences.
a. You need fats and carbohydrates for energy.
b. You need proteins to grow.
c. You need vitamins and minerals to be healthy.
d. You need fibre for your digestive system to work well.
6. Look at the food. Circle the nutrients they give you.
top row: proteins, proteins, carbohydrates.
bottom row: fats, vitamins, fibre.
7. Tick () the correct sentence.
a. Calcium is a mineral that makes up our bones.
8. Circle the healthier food in each pair of words.
top row: oil, milk, grapes.
bottom row: chicken, bread, tomato.
EXTENSION
PAGE 24
1. Read the text and answer the questions.
a. The people of Naples added tomatoes to pizzas.
b. The ingredients of Pizza Margherita are tomatoes,
mozzarella cheese and basil.
c. It is called Pizza Margherita because Queen Margherita
of Italy loved it.
d. Today pizza is eaten all over the world.
e. Pizza can have many different toppings including tuna,
mushrooms and olives.
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Natural Science 3
Answer key
2. Draw and write about your favourite pizza.
7. Find and circle four nutrients. Then, write.
OA
a. Based on culture, people eat different foods around the

world.
b. Reindeer meat is an unusual food eaten in Canada.
PAGE 25
1. Circle the correct words.
c. An unusual food eaten in Thailand is insects.

d. Foods like reindeer meat and insects mainly provide
proteins.
e. In England, fruits and nuts are symbols of fertility and
good fortune.
2. Search the Internet for other foods for special
celebrations.
OA
ASSESSMENT
PAGE 26
1. Read the sentences and match.
a. fibre; b. proteins; c. vitamins and minerals;
d. carbohydrates and fats.
2. Is this a healthy breakfast? Explain.
Carbohydrates is missing in the word search.

8. Cross out the least healthy food for each meal.
Write a healthier option.
a. a piece of cake. MA. eggs.
b. chips. MA. bread.
c. a hamburguer. MA. an apple.
TEST
MA
PAGE 28
Yes, it is a healthy breakfast. There is protein in the milk,

vitamins in the fruit, and carbohydrates in the cereal.
1. b; 2. a; 3. b; 4. c; 5. a; 6. b; 7. a; 8. a; 9. c; 10. b.
3. Circle the foods you should eat every day.

milk; fruit; meat; bread; vegetables.
4. What nutrients does each of these foods contain?
INVESTIGATE
PAGE 29
OA
a. calcium and proteins; b. fats; c. carbohydrates;

d. vitamins, minerals and fibre; e. proteins;
f. carbohydrates.
5. Cross out the odd food in each food group.
A. milk; B. olive oil; C. carrot.
PAGE 27
6. How much should you eat? Write more or less.
a. If you are overweight, you should eat less.
b. If you are underweight, you should eat more.
c. If you do a lot of exercise, you should eat more.
d. If you are old, you should eat less.
e. If you are young, you should eat more.
Natural Science 3
105
Answer key
Keeping healthy
PAGE 33
REINFORCEMENT
PAGE 30
1. Complete the sentences about healthy habits.
a. Get enough sleep.
b. Keep your body clean.
c. Do regular exercise.
d. Eat a healthy and balanced diet.
e. Have good posture to look after your back.
2. Circle the healthy habits.
A. Brush your teeth; B. Have good posture; C. Do physical
exercise; E. Keep your body clean.
3. Read these sentences about doing exercise. Write T
(true) or F (false).
a. T; b. F; c. T; d. T; e. F.
a. An art museum displays paintings and sculptures.

b. Art museums look after their paintings carefully because
they are of great historical and cultural interest.
c. An art restorer repairs damaged paintings so that they
are in perfect condition.
d. A security guard protects the paintings which are
displayed in the museum.
e. OA
ASSESSMENT
PAGE 34
1. Who is looking after their health? Write H (healthy) or N
(not healthy).
H; H; N; N.
2. Tick () the good posture.
PAGE 31
The picture on the left shows good posture.
4. Match the methods of preserving foods to the

definitions.
a. cooling: You preserve food in the fridge or freezer
to make it last longer.
3. Match to make sentences about healthy habits.

a. We need to exercise regularly.
b. We must eat a healthy and balanced diet.
b. adding preservatives: Some substances are added

to foods so they dont go off.
c. We need to look after our backs.
c. heating: It helps to eliminate organisms that spoil food.
e. We must drink enough water.
5. Which of these foods are fresh and which are

processed? Classify.
processed: cake, chocolate, ice cream.
fresh: orange, meat, apple.
6. Write two sentences in the correct order.
d. We need ten hours of sleep a night.

4. Complete the sentences with the correct words.
a. After a busy day, we feel tired.
b. Sleep keeps our body healthy and gives it energy.
c. Sleep also helps us to recover.
d. Children need to sleep ten hours a day.
a. Food hygiene is essential to prevent illness.
e. People who sleep badly get ill.
b. Dirty food can make you ill.
f. We need to rest after a long day.
7. Use the code and find out a healthy habit.

Children need to sleep ten hours a day.
EXTENSION
PAGE 35
5. Give two examples of natural foods and two of
processed foods.
MA
PAGE 32
a. natural foods: pear and fish.
1. Put the words in order to make sentences. Then, find

and underline these sentences in the text.
b. processed foods: pizza and pasta.
a. Children need to sleep ten hours a night.

b. In one night, we can have four to seven dreams.
c. We do not always remember our dreams.
2. Koalas sleep 22 hours a day!
6. What stages does the food go through? Complete the

words and match.
A. production; B. food industry; C. sale.
7. Read the sentences and write T (true) or F (false). Then,
correct the false sentences.
a. T; b. F; c. T; d. F; e. F; f. T.
OA
3. Keep a dream journal for a week.
OA
Physical exercise is good for your heart.

You must wash your hands regularly.
Pulses and cereals do not need preserving.
106
Natural Science 3
Answer key
TEST
ANIMALS
PAGE 36
REINFORCEMENT
1. c; 2. a; 3. c; 4. b; 5. a; 6. a; 7. c; 8. a; 9. b; 10. c.
INVESTIGATE
PAGE 37
OA
PAGE 38
1. Read the definitions and match.
a. herbivores; b. carnivores; c. scavengers; d. omnivores;
e. decomposers.
2. Classify the vertebrates.
mammals: zebra, dolphin.
birds: owl, eagle.
fish: shark.
reptiles: tortoise, crocodile.
amphibians: frog, salamander.
mammals: hair, viviparous, lungs.
birds: feathers, oviparous, lungs.
fish: scales, oviparous, gills.
reptiles: scales, oviparous, lungs.
amphibians: bare skin, oviparous, lungs and skin.
PAGE 39
4. Find five vertebrates. Then, complete.
These animals are all reptiles.

5. Match the bird group to the examples.
a. penguin; b. duck; c. eagle; d. canary.
6. Look at the pictures and answer the questions.
a. It is the process of reproduction.
b. Amphibians undergo this process.
c. The babies are called tadpoles.
EXTENSION
PAGE 40
false sentences.
a. T; b. T; c. F; d. F; e. T.
A decibel is a unit for measuring sound.
The sound of a jet engine is quieter than the call of a blue
whale.
Natural Science 3
107
Answer key
2. Use the code to find out how animals communicate.
trumpet; chatter; quack; chirp; hiss.
mammals: lungs, hair, legs, viviparous.

reptiles: lungs, scales, legs, oviparous.
PAGE 41
birds: lungs, feathers, wings and legs, oviparous.
1. Write a definition for these words.
fish: gills, scales, fins, oviparous.
MA
Hibernate: When an animal sleeps during the coldest
months of the year.
Migrate: When animals travel long distances to find warmer
climates.
2. Use the colour key and circle the illustrations.
blue: stork, whale.
red: frog, bear
ASSESSMENT
PAGE 42
1. Write the five groups of vertebrate animals.
mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish.
2. What group do these animals belong to?
A. reptiles; B. birds; C. mammals; D. amphibians; E. fish.
3. Tick () the correct options.
a; b; c.
4. Write an example of each type of animal.
MA
marine mammal: whale.
flying mammal: bat.
primate: monkey.
5. Read and circle the mistakes. Then, write the correct
words.
Reptiles are viviparous oviparous animals. They breathe
through gills lungs.
Their skin is covered with hair scales. Most of them live on
land and slither.
PAGE 43
6. Complete the sentences with Fish or Amphibians.
a. Amphibians have bare skin.
b. Fish breathe only through gills.
c. Amphibians breathe through lungs and their skin.
7. Circle the word related to birds in each pair.
top row: animals, vertebrate, feathers.
bottom row: wings, oviparous.
8. What animal is it?
It is a frog.
9. Write the name of two animals which match the
descriptions.
MA
a. dog, eagle; b. shark, tuna; c. lizard, crocodile;
d. dolphin, whale.
108
Natural Science 3
amphibians: lungs and skin, bare skin, legs, oviparous.
TEST
PAGE 44
1. a; 2. c; 3. b; 4. a; 5. a; 6. b; 7. a; 8. c; 9. b; 10. b.
INVESTIGATE
PAGE 45
OA
Answer key
INVERTEBRATES
PAGE 49
REINFORCEMENT
PAGE 46
1. Write the groups of invertebrates. Then, match them to
the correct pictures.
a. A beehive is where honey bees live.

b. There is one queen.
c. Drones are male bees.
top: e, d, a.
d. When worker bees are old, they fly outside to collect

nectar and pollen.
bottom: f, b, c.
e. Because they transport pollen from one plant to another.
a. They are sponges.

b. They are cnidarians.
ASSESSMENT
c. They are worms.
PAGE 50
d. They are molluscs.

e. They are echinoderms.
f. They are arthropods.
2. Circle the correct word.
Invertebrates havent got a spinal column.
PAGE 47
3. Circle the correct words.
1. What do all invertebrates have in common?

Invertebrates havent got a spinal column.
2. Look at the illustrations and match.
A. cnidarian; B. arthropod; C. worm; D. echinoderm;
E. sponge; F. mollusc.
3. Circle the correct word. Then, write the sentences.
a. Jellyfish have tentacles. Their bodies look like jelly.
a. Worms, insects and spiders are invertebrates.
b. Worms have soft bodies. They are long.
b. Mussels have got shells.
c. Molluscs have soft bodies. They usually have shells.
c. Crabs have got hard exoskeletons.
d. Spiders have eight legs.
d. Jellyfish and earthworms havent got a hard covering.

4. Complete the crossword about insects.
1. antennae; 2. larvae; 3. insects; 4. thorax; 5. abdomen;
6. wings.
5. Complete the sentences about molluscs.
Molluscs have got soft bodies. Most of them have got one
or two shells to protect their bodies.
Most of them are aquatic, like clams, but some are
terrestrial, like snails and slugs.
6. Write two examples of each.
MA
a. mussels and clams.
b. snails.
c. octopuses and squids.
EXTENSION
PAGE 48
1. Unscramble the words and find some examples
of cephalopods.
a. squids; b. cuttlefish; c. octopuses.
PAGE 51
4. Label the parts of the fly.
left column: thorax, antennae, head.
right column: wings, abdomen, legs.
5. Number the illustrations in order.
A. 4; B. 2; C. 1; D. 3.
a. F; b. F; c. T; d. F.
7. Write the group of arthropods these invertebrates
belong to.
A. insects; B. myriapods; C. arachnids; D. crustaceans.
TEST
PAGE 52
1. b; 2. b; 3. c; 4. b; 5. a; 6. b; 7. a; 8. b; 9. a; 10. b.
INVESTIGATE
PAGE 53
OA
2. Write T (true) or F (false). Then, correct the false

sentences.
a. T; b. F; c. T; d. F; e. F.
Cephalopod means head-foot.
Octopuses cannot hear.
Octopuses have eight tentacles.
Natural Science 3
109
Answer key
ANIMALS AND PEOPLE
2. Look at the calendar. In which year were you born?

OA
REINFORCEMENT
PAGE 57
PAGE 54
1. Match these words from the text to their definitions.
1. Circle the foods that come from animals.
a. groundhog: a small, brown, furry animal with short legs.
eggs, sausages, cheese, meat, honey, milk.

2. What materials do we obtain from these animals? What
things can we make with them?
a. Sheep give us wool. MA. We can make clothes.
b. Cows give us leather. MA. We can make shoes.
c. Silkworms give us silk. MA. We can make scarves.
3. Find seven animals that can be used for transport.
Then, write.
b. burrow: a hole or tunnel in the ground where a small

animal lives.
c. hibernate: be in a dormant condition in the winter
months.
d. predict: forecast.
e. shadow: a dark shape produced when light is blocked.
false sentences.
a. T; b. F; c. F.
On Groundhog Day, a groundhog predicts the weather for

the rest of winter.
If the groundhog sees its shadow, it means the winter

weather will continue.
ASSESSMENT
PAGE 58
1. Write the benefits we obtain from these animals.
4. Which things can you use for birdwatching? Colour

the words.
binoculars, telescope, field guide.
a. sheep: wool, meat.

b. cows: leather, milk, meat, cheese.
c. bees: honey, wax.
d. silkworms: silk.
e. pigs: meat.
f. chickens: eggs, poultry.
2. Look and match.
extensive farming; intensive farming.
PAGE 55
3. Read and complete the sentences.
a. Farmers raise animals for their meat, milk, eggs or skins.

This is called livestock farming.
a. Beekeeping is the farming of bees to obtain honey and

wax.
b. In extensive farming, animals live in the open and eat

grass.
b. Pisciculture is the farming of fish for food.
c. In intensive farming, animals lived fenced in and farmers

feed them.
6. What kind of livestock farming is it?
extensive farming; intensive farming.
7. Match the animals to the types of livestock.
poultry: chicken; cattle: cow; sheep: sheep; pigs: pig;
goats; goat.
PAGE 59
4. Complete the sentences about sheep farming.
a. A male sheep is a: ram.
b. A baby sheep is a: lamb.
c. A female sheep is a: ewe.
d. A person who takes care of sheep is a: shepherd.
e. Shearing means to cut off a sheeps wool.
f. The place where sheep are kept at night is a: pen.
EXTENSION
a. T; b. T; c. F; d. T.
PAGE 56
1. Search the Internet to find the animal of this years
Chinese calendar.
6. Draw some farm animals. Write things which we obtain

from them.
OA
OA
110
5. Read and write T (true) or F (false).
Natural Science 3
Answer key
TEST
PLANTS
PAGE 60
REINFORCEMENT
1. c; 2. b; 3. a; 4. a; 5. b; 6. b; 7. b; 8. c; 9. a; 10. c.
INVESTIGATE
PAGE 61
1. Draw squares for each method of producing hens.
Draw the hens inside. Add the outdoor space where it
corresponds. Then, answer the questions.
a. The hens in group 3 live in the most crowded space.
b. The hens in groups 0 and 1 can spend time outside.
2. Look at the prices of the eggs in a supermarket and
write them.
OA
PAGE 62
1. Read and write tree, bush or grass. Then, match.
a. A bush has a short, woody stem.
b. Grasses have a soft, flexible stem.
c. A tree has a thick, woody stem called a trunk.
b; c; a.
a. leaves; b. roots; c. stems.
3. Unscramble the words and label the diagram.
left column: stamen, sepal.
right column: petal, pistil.
4. Complete the sentences. Write male or female.
The pistil is the female part of the flower.
The stamens are the male parts of the flower.
PAGE 63
5. Complete the sentences about the stages of
reproduction of a plant. Then, write a, b, c and d next
to the drawings.
a. Pollen is formed in the stamens.
b. A grain of pollen reaches the pistil of another flower.
c. The ovary matures and turns into fruit. The fruit contains
the seeds.
d. When a seed falls to the ground, it germinates and a
new plant grows.
left column: a, d.
right column: b, c.
6. What do plants need to grow? Label the drawing.
left column: sunlight, mineral salts.
right column: carbon dioxide, water.
7. Read and match.
mosses and ferns: non-flowering plants.
angiosperms and gymnosperms: flowering plants.
EXTENSION
PAGE 64
a. Floral emblems are usually plants that grow in
abundance in the country.
b. The floral emblem of England is the rose.
c. OA
d. OA
e. OA
Natural Science 3
111
Answer key
PAGE 65
false sentences.
5. Find and circle five parts of a flower. Then, complete

the sentences.
a. T; b. F; c. T; d. T; e. F.
The plants sweet-scented leaves attract insects.
A Venus flytrap takes about a week to digest an insect.
2. Search the Internet for carnivorous plants. Choose one
and complete the index card.
OA
ASSESSMENT
PAGE 66
1. Label the plant. Then, answer the question.
left column: stem.
a. It is the female part of the flower. It contains the ovary. It

is the pistil.
right column: leaves, roots.
b. The sepals are the small green leaves that protect the
flower.
The stem is woody. Trees have a woody stem called

a trunk.
c. The stamens are the male parts of the flower. They

produce pollen.
2. Label the parts of the leaf. Then, read and tick ().
left: leaf blade.
right: petiole.
a. smooth; b. heart-shaped.
Flowering plants produce flowers with seeds. The two
main groups are angiosperms, like apple trees, and
gymnosperms, like pine trees. Mosses and ferns are not
non-flowering plants. The roots of mosses are called
rhizoids.
6. Match the sentences to the life processes that plants

carry out.
a. nutrition; b. sensitivity; c. reproduction.
TEST
PAGE 68
1. c; 2. a; 3. b; 4. b; 5. c; 6. b; 7. b; 8. a; 9. a; 10. a.
INVESTIGATE
PAGE 69
PAGE 67
OA
4. Read and complete the text about plant nutrition.

Plants make their own food through photosynthesis. They
absorb water and mineral salts from the soil through their
roots. This mixture is the raw sap. Plants also absorb
sunlight and carbon dioxide from the air. They then
transform the raw sap into elaborated sap.
112
d. The petals are coloured leaves. They form the corolla.
Natural Science 3
Answer key
ANIMALS AND PLANTS
2. Search the Internet for three animal species from the

Arctic tundra. Write what they eat.
REINFORCEMENT
OA
PAGE 70
PAGE 73
1. Look and match the pictures to the areas.
1. Read the text and the table. Then, answer the

questions.
A. grassland; B. forest; C. desert; D. shrubland.
a. the sloth; b. the cheetah; c. on land; d. in the air.

a. Trees grow in fertile soil with high humidity. Many trees
together form a forest.
b. Bushes grow in places with poor soil and low humidity.
An area dominated by bushes is a shrubland.
c. Grasslands are areas with long periods of drought. Trees
and bushes are scarce because they need water all year
round.
d. Deserts do not have much water and the soil is arid.
There is little vegetation. Only plants that need little
water can live in deserts.
3. Where do these animals live? Explain.
2. Find your favourite animal on the Internet.

OA
ASSESSMENT
PAGE 74
1. Write the names of these areas.
A. desert; B. shrubland; C. forest; D grassland.
false sentences.
a. T; b. F; c. T; d. F; e. T.
MA
Seabirds spend most of their lives over the sea. They only
go to land to reproduce.
Squirrels live most of the time in trees and swing from
branch to branch.
PAGE 71
Pines, oaks and beeches are types of trees.

Deserts are areas with arid soil and low humidity.
3. What is vegetation? Explain.
Vegetation is all the plants in an area, region or country.
a. vegetation; b. drought; c. savannah; d. shrubland.
4. Find and circle eight animals. Then, write.
5. Classify these marine animals.

They breathe through lungs: whales, seals, turtles.
They breathe through gills: sharks, sardines, tuna.
a. T; b. T; c. F; d. F; e. T; f. F.
PAGE 75
5. Read the text and complete.
Some aquatic animals live in the sea. They are marine
animals. Others live in fresh water, in lakes or rivers.
Aquatic animals spend most of their lives in water. Many
of them breathe in oxygen from the water through gills.
Others come to the surface of the water to breathe in air,
through lungs.
6. Circle the correct animal.
a. bat; b. mussel; c. skater; d. snake; e. duck.
7. Read, then write the correct word.
a. trees; b. slither; c. underground.
TEST
PAGE 76
EXTENSION
1. a; 2. b; 3. a; 4. b; 5. c; 6. b; 7. a; 8. a; 9. b; 10. a.
PAGE 72
INVESTIGATE
1. Read the text and circle the correct word.
PAGE 77
a. Tundras are found in the Arctic.
OA
b. In the summer, there are 24 hours a day of sunlight.
c. The top layer of the soil is the permafrost.
d. Winter in the Arctic tundra is extremely cold.
e. Global warming is harming the Arctic tundra.
Natural Science 3
113
Answer key
MATTER
2. Find and circle six ice cream flavours. Then, write.
REINFORCEMENT
PAGE 78

Everything around us that takes up space is made up of
matter. All objects have two properties: mass, which is the
amount of matter in an object, and volume, which is the
amount of space an object occupies. The different types of
matter are called substances.
2. How do you measure mass and volume? Look and
match.
milk: volume.
cheese: mass.
3. What are the three states of water? Write solid, liquid
or gas.
A. solid.; B. gas; C. liquid.
4. Write yes or no and give an example.
PAGE 81
a. The Millennium Bridge is in London.
liquids: no, yes. MA. juice.
b. You can see many of Londons historical buildings, such

as St. Pauls Cathedral and the Globe Theatre.
gases: no, no. MA. oxygen.
c. The Millennium Bridge is made of concrete and steel.
solids: yes, yes. MA. ice.
d. It can hold up to 5,000 people at one time.
PAGE 79
e. It opened in 2000.
5. Use the clues to complete the changes of state.

a. melting; b. solidification; c. evaporation; d. condensation.
6. Label the diagram.
top: condensation, solidification.
bottom: evaporation, melting.
7. Which photo shows a chemical change? Tick ().
The photo of the candles shows a chemical change.
EXTENSION
f. Because when it opened in 2000, people said the

bridge moved under their feet.
g. OA
ASSESSMENT
PAGE 82
1. Answer the questions.
a. Matter is everything around us that takes up space.
b. Volume is the amount of space an object occupies.
c. Matter exists in three states: solid, liquid and gas.
PAGE 80
false sentences.
a. T; b. F; c. F; d. T.
Ice cream melts when the temperature increases.
When ice cream melts, there is a physical change.
d. A substance is each type of matter.

2. Use the clues to complete the text.
All objects have two properties in common: mass and
volume. Objects also have other properties, depending on
what substances they are made of. These properties are:
colour, smell, lustre and hardness. These properties help us
to distinguish one substance from another.
3. Label the illustrations.
A. solid; B. liquid; C. gas.
114
Natural Science 3
Answer key
PAGE 83
MATERIALS AND MACHINES
4. Write T (true) and F (false). Then, correct the false

sentences.
REINFORCEMENT
a. T; b. F; c. F.
PAGE 86
Liquids have a fixed volume, but their shape can change.
1. Classify the materials.
Gases do not have a fixed shape nor a fixed volume.

5. Read and cross out the wrong words.
a. Chemical changes / Physical changes are when
substances change into different substances.
b. Contraction / Combustion is a physical change.
c. Matter / A mixture is when two or more substances are
mixed together.
6. What physical change takes place? Write mixture,
change of shape, change of size or change of state.
a. mixture; b. change of shape; c. change of size;
d. change of state.
7. Complete the chart with solidification, condensation,
melting and evaporation.
natural materials: granite, wood, leather.

man-made materials: paper, glass, pottery.
2. Tick () the materials that come from animals.
wool, leather, silk.
3. Read and match.
a. Hemp is used to make fabrics.
b. Wood is used to make furniture.
c. Cotton is used to make fabrics.
4. Complete the stages involved in making paper.
a. Wood is broken up into small pieces.
b. The pieces are mixed with other substances to make
pulp.
top: melting, evaporation.
c. The pulp is filtered to get rid of impurities.
bottom: solidification, condensation.
d. The paper pulp is spread onto a moving belt.

e. The final product is wound onto spools.
TEST
PAGE 84
1. b; 2. c; 3. a; 4. c; 5. c; 6. b; 7. b; 8. a; 9. b; 10. a.
INVESTIGATE
PAGE 85
OA
PAGE 87
5. How do these machines work? Use the key and circle.
red: hi-fi, fan, computer.
blue: scissors, stapler, pencil sharpener.
6. Choose two machines from Activity 5. Explain what
they are used for.
a. MA. We use scissors to cut things.
b. MA. We use a computer to communicate and to work.
7. Classify these machines.
simple machines: pliers, pulley.
compound machines: fan, telephone.
8. Complete the crossword about simple machines.
1. inclined plane; 2. lever; 3. wheel; 4. pulley.
EXTENSION
PAGE 88
1. Circle the illustration of the oldest wheel. Then, answer
the question.
C.
MA. I think it is the oldest wheel because wheels with
spokes and wheels made of metal were invented later.
2. Think about life before the invention of the wheel. How
do you think people moved heavy objects?
MA. People used animals to transport heavy objects.
PAGE 89
1. Read and write True or False.
a. False; b. True; c. True; d. True; e. False.
Natural Science 3
115
Answer key
2. Search the Internet. How is paper recycled? Write three
or four sentences describing the process.
OA
ASSESSMENT
PAGE 90
1. Name the materials used to make these objects.
Then, write N (natural) or M (man-made) next to each
material.
top row: plastic (M), leather (N).
bottom row: wool (N), wood (N), rubber (M), glass (M).
2. Write the raw materials.
a. paper: wood; b. iron: minerals; c. plastic: petroleum.
a. F; b. T; c. T; d. F; e. T.
4. Name one invention for each category. Then, write
what energy it uses.
MA
ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT

REINFORCEMENT
PAGE 94
1. Complete the crossword about forms of energy.
1. electrical; 2. thermal; 3. chemical; 4. nuclear;
5. mechanical; 6. light.
2. Circle six energy sources and classify them.
sun, petroleum, wind, natural gas, coal, water.
renewable energy sources: sun, wind, water.
non-renewable energy sources: petroleum, natural gas,
coal.
a. In a toaster, electrical energy transforms into thermal
energy.
b. In a light bulb, electrical energy transforms into light
energy.
c. In a torch, chemical energy transforms into light energy.
invention: bicycle, radio, vacuum cleaner.
PAGE 95
energy: human, electrical, electrical.
4. How do we know these things have got energy? Write

an example for each.
PAGE 91
a. Machines save us time and effort.
b. A telephone is a machine that lets us communicate.
c. All machines need energy to work.
d. Scissors need energy from people to work.
6. Write what type of energy these machines use.
A. energy from people; B. electrical energy;
C. energy from fuel; D. energy from wind.
7. Complete the text.
A bicycle is a complex machine because it is made up
of many operating parts. It has got two wheels, a handle
bar that helps steer the bicycle, and two pedals that act
as levers. The pedals turn a gear that moves a chain.
The chain connects the pedals to the back wheel.
The bicycle needs energy from people to work.
TEST
PAGE 92
1. a; 2. a; 3. b; 4. a; 5. a; 6. b; 7. b; 8. a; 9. b; 10. c.
MA
a. the wind: It can move the sails of a windsurf.
b. a football player: He/She can run around and kick a ball.
5. Read and correct this sentence.
Wind, water and sunlight are renewable energy sources.
They will never run out!
6. What fossil fuels are they? Read and answer.
a. petroleum; b. coal; c. natural gas.
7. Read and match.
a. thermal power plants; b. solar power plants;
c. wind farms; d. hydroelectric power plants.
8. Look at the photos and describe the environmental
problem.
MA
Pollution is the accumulation of harmful substances and
waste products in soil, water and air. These harmful
substances cause many problems: harmful smoke from
cars and factories, dirty soil and water, and global warming.
EXTENSION
PAGE 96
INVESTIGATE
PAGE 93
a. The steam engine was invented in the 18th century.
OA
b. James Watt invented the steam engine.

c. The steam engine was used in many different ways.
For example, it was used in factories, in mines and for
means of transport, especially trains.
116
Natural Science 3
Answer key
2. Explain how the steam engine works. What kind of
energy does water vapour have?
Water vapour is produced by burning coal to heat water to
extremely high temperatures. The energy from the water
vapour moves the wheel at a steady rhythm.
Water vapour has thermal energy.
PAGE 97
8. Write three different ways to save energy.

MA
Switch the tap off while brushing your teeth.
Use public transport.
Control the temperature of the heating and the air
conditioning.
TEST
a. Windmills use energy from wind to work.
PAGE 100
b. Windmills were used to grind grains of wheat and make

flour.
1. a; 2. a; 3. b; 4. b; 5. a; 6. b; 7. a; 8. b; 9. c; 10. a.
c. mechanical.
INVESTIGATE
d. Modern windmills still have big sails.
PAGE 101
e. No, modern wind farms arent used to grind grain. They

are used to generate electricity.
OA
ASSESSMENT
PAGE 98
1. What is energy? Define in your own words.
MA
Energy is something that has the power to move or change
the position of something else.
2. Complete the forms of energy.
a. mechanical; b. chemical; c. thermal; d. electrical;
e. nuclear; f. light.
3. What type of energy have they got?
a. chemical; b. nuclear; c. light; d. mechanical;
e. mechanical; f. thermal.
4. Write energy transformations in each object.
A. chemical into mechanical; B. electrical into light;
C. electrical into mechanical.
5. Write the names of the power plants.
A. solar power plant; B. hydroelectric power plant;
C. wind farm.
PAGE 99
6. Classify the types of energy sources. Then, answer the
questions.
renewable energy sources: sunlight, wind, water.
non-renewable energy sources: coal, petroleum, uranium.
a. Renewable energy sources will never run out but
non-renewable energy sources will.
b. Fossil fuels are non-renewable because they will run out
one day.
7. Match the type of power station to its source of energy.
thermal power station: fossil fuels.
hydroelectric power station: water.
wind farm: wind.
nuclear power station: uranium.
Natural Science 3
117
Art director: Jos Crespo

Design coordinator: Rosa Marn
Design team:
Cover design: Estudio Pep Carri
Cover photograph: Leila Mndez
Design development coordinator: Javier Tejeda
Design development: Ral de Andrs and Jorge Gmez Tobar
Technical director: ngel Garca Encinar
Technical coordinators: Marisa Valbuena
Layout: Eva Hernndez and Pedro Valencia
Art coordination: Carlos Aguilera
Photo research: Nieves Marinas and Marina de Len-Sotelo
Photographs: I. Codina; J. C. Muoz; J. Jaime; J. Lucas; P. Esgueva; R. Manent; S. Cid; S. Padura;
X. S. Lobato; A. G. E. FOTOSTOCK/Gemena communication, JUNIORS BILDARCHIV, BSIP/B. Boissonnet;
DIGITALVISION; GARCA-PELAYO/Juancho; GETTY IMAGES SALES SPAIN/THINKSTOCK, Photos.com Plus;
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Natalia Bolshan, Eyematrix; MELBA AGENCY; PHOTODISC; MATTON-BILD; SERIDEC PHOTOIMAGENES CD;
ARCHIVO SANTILLANA.
All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in retrieval system or transmitted in any
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holders. Any infraction of the rights mentioned would be considered a violation of the intellectual property
(Article 270 of the Penal Code). If you need to photocopy or scan any fragment of this work, contact CEDRO
(Centro Espaol de Derechos Reprogrficos, www.cedro.org).
2014 by Santillana Educacin, S. L. / Richmond Publishing

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PRIMARY

TEACHERS RESOURCE BOOK

Answer key........................................................................................................ 102

Natural Science 3 Teachers Resource Book

There are twelve double-page

Complete the sentences about healthy habits.

It helps to eliminate organisms that spoil food.

You preserve food in the fridge or freezer to make it last longer.

Some substances are added to foods so they do not go off.

d. Eat a healthy and balanced

b. Keep your body

Match the methods of preserving foods to the definitions.

Circle the healthy habits.

Write two sentences in the correct order.

Read these sentences about doing exercise. Write T (true) or F (false).

Use the code and find out a healthy habit.

b. Team sports are not as healthy as individual sports.

d. By practising a team sport you learn to work in a group.

Photocopiable material 2014 Santillana Educacin, S.L. / Richmond Publishing

Guide dogs act as eyes for people who are blind.

Guide dogs work approximately six years before

Use the sign alphabet. Learn to say your name

Use the Braille alphabet. Punch out your

Write T (true) or F (false).

a. Guide dogs help people who cannot see.

Complete the index card about guide dogs.

Photocopiable material 2014 Santillana Educacin, S.L. / Richmond Publishing

Photocopiable material 2014 Santillana Educacin, S.L. / Richmond Publishing

ES0000000011251 607227-Unidad 02_17173.indd 16-17

Food and nutrients

There are twelve Investigate worksheets, one for each topic.

Which foods contain fat?

6. Analyse your results and answer the questions.

ES0000000011251 607227-Unidad 03_17174.indd 29

There are twenty-four Extension

Most guide dogs are Labradors or Golden

Photocopiable material 2014 Santillana Educacin, S.L. / Richmond Publishing

ES0000000011251 607227-Unidad 04_17182.indd 30-31

e. Swimming is not very good for your lungs and heart.

Read and complete the text about plant nutrition.

Label the plant. Then, answer the question.

carbon dioxide photosynthesis roots raw sap

from the soil through their

. This mixture is the

. Plants also absorb

from the air. They then transform

the raw sap into

a. Classify the leaf according to the edge.

are the small green leaves that protect the flower.

are the male parts of the flower. They produce pollen.

are coloured leaves. They form the

Read and complete.

ferns gymnosperms rhizoids seeds angiosperms flowers mosses

a. It is the female part of the flower. It contains the ovary. It is the

b. Classify the leaf according to the shape.

. The two main

a. Plants make elaborated sap.

, like pine trees.

b. The leaves and stems grow towards the light.

are non-flowering plants. The roots

c. Pollen is produced in the stamens.

Photocopiable material 2014 Santillana Educacin, S.L. / Richmond Publishing

a. The nutrients travel through our body and give us energy