APA STYLE: In-text Citations and Reference Guide

NAME:

PER.
WHAT IS APA STYLE?

The American Psychological Association (APA) citation style is the most commonly used format for
_______________________ in the social sciences.
APA regulates:

(1) Stylistics, (2) _________________________________, and (3) References

IN-TEXT CITATIONS: BASICS

In-text citations help readers locate the _______________ source in the _______________________
section of the paper

Whenever you use a source, provide in parenthesis:

o

The authors name and _____________________________________________________.

The authors name, date of publication, and a _____________________________ for quotations

and close paraphrases.

IN-TEXT CITATIONS: QUOTATIONS

When quoting:
Include the quotation with a _____________________________
Include the authors name, year of publication, and page number
Keep the citation _________________ - do not repeat the information.
Example:
Caruth (1996) has stated that a traumatic response frequently entails a delayed, uncontrolled
repetitive appearance of hallucinations and other intrusive phenomena (p.11).
OR
A traumatic response frequently entails a delayed, uncontrolled repetitive appearance of
hallucinations and other intrusive phenomena (Caruth, 1996, p.11).
IN-TEXT CITATIONS: SIGNAL WORDS

Introduce quotations with signal phrases, e.g.:

________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________

Use such signal verbs such as:

Acknowledged, contended, maintained, responded, reported, argued, concluded, etc.

APA STYLE: In-text Citations and Reference Guide

IN-TEXT CITATIONS: SUMMARY OR PARAPHRASE

Provide the authors last name and the year of publication in parenthesis after a summary or paraphrase.

Example:
Though feminist studies focus solely on womens experiences, they err by collectively perpetuating the
masculine-centered impressions (___________________, 1975).

When including the __________________________ in a summary/paraphrase, also provide a

______________________________ in parenthesis after the quotation:

Example:
According to feminist researchers Raitt and Tate (1997), It is no longer true to claim that womens
responses to the war have been ignored (p.2).
IN-TEXT CITATIONS: WORKS WITH TWO AUTHORS

When citing a work with two authors, use in the signal phrase, use _________ in between the
authors names.

Example:
According to feminist researchers Raitt and Tate (1997), It is no longer true to claim that womens
responses to the war have been ignored (p.2).

In parenthesis, use _____ between names

Example:
researchers question that womens responses to the war have been ignored (Rait & Tate, 1997, p.2).
IN-TEXT CITATIONS: WORKS WITH 3-5 AUTHORS

When citing works with 3-5 authors, identify _____________________ in signal phrase or in parenthesis

Example: Copy from slide

(

In subsequent (later) citations, use only the _______________ authors last name followed by et al. in
the signal phrase or parentheses.

Example: Copy from slide

(

)
IN-TEXT CITATIONS: WORKS WITH 6+ AUTHORS

When citing a work with six and more authors, always identify the first authors name followed by et al.

Examples: Copy from slide

__________________________________________________________________________________
(

IN-TEXT CITATIONS: UNKNOWN AUTHOR

When citing a work of unknown author:

Use the sources ___________________________ in the __________________________________

Cite the _____________ word of the _______________ followed by the year of publication in
parenthesis
Example:
According to Indiana Joins Federal Accountability System (2008)
(Indiana, 2008)
*NOTE:
Articles and Chapters =
Books and Reports = Italicize
IN-TEXT CITATIONS: ELECTRONIC SOURCES

When citing an electronic document, whenever possible, cite it in the ____________________ style.
If electronic source lacks page numbers, locate and identify _____________________ number /
paragraph ___________________________.
Example:
According to Smith (1997), (Mind over matter section, para. 6).
REFERENCE PAGE: FORMAT

Center the title (References) at the top of the page. _________________________________!

Double-space entries
For each entry:
o First line: _____________________________
o

Subsequent lines: ______________________

Order entries ____________________________ by the surname (_____________________) of the

_____________ author of each work.
REFERENCE PAGE: BASICS

Invert authors names - Last name, initial of first name, initial of middle name
EX: ______________________________
CAPITALIZE ONLY
First letter of the first word of a _____________ and ____________________
First word after a colon or a ________________________________________
Proper nouns
EX: The perfectly formatted paper: How the Purdue Owl saved my essay.
CAPITALIZE all ________________________ in _____________________ titles
Italicize titles of longer works such as ______________ and ____________________
DO NOT italicize, underline, or put quotes around the titles of works such as journal articles or essays in
________________ collections.
REFERENCE PAGE: Websites

List as much information as available

Cite _________________________ this same way
Format:
Author (Date of publication). Title of document. Retrieved from http://Web address

Example: Copy from slide

__________________________________________________________________________________