Alexis Gray

February 29, 2016

ENC 1102
Digital Paper Trail
Topic: Islamophobia in different social media platforms
Research Questions
How is Islamophobia demonstrated in different social
media platforms?
How does the circulation of racially discriminatory
materials affect the Muslim community in the United
States?
What platform of social media is most likely to circulate
racially discriminatory materials?
Keywords: Islamophobia, racial discrimination (Muslim)
(Social Media), Islamophobia in the media, social effects
(Islamophobia) (United States), Twitter, Facebook(Islamic
discrimination) (Rally around the flag, Memes (Islamophobia)
Compilation of Research Sources
1) Krieg, Greggory. "Muslim Americans: Political Climate Worse
than after 9/11 - CNNPolitics.com." CNN. Cable News Network, 21
Nov. 2015. Web. 10 Feb. 2016.
2) Sun, Lena. "American Muslim Doctors Feel Greater Scrutiny,
Even Patients Suspicions." Washington Post. The Washington
Post, 11 Dec. 2015. Web. 15 Feb. 2016.
3) Reed, Acacia. "American Muslims Since 9/11." Wilson Center.
2011. Web. 15 Feb. 2016.
4) Ledbetter, Quincy. "'Dangerous Logic': The Psychology behind
Bias and Islamophobia in America." Mashable. 10 Feb. 2016.
Web. 15 Feb. 2016.
5) McQueeney, K. (2014). Disrupting Islamophobia: Teaching the
Social Construction of Terrorism in the Mass Media. International
Journal Of Teaching & Learning In Higher Education, 26(2), 297309.

6) https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/earlylead/wp/2015/12/11/how-the-first-turbaned-ncaa-basketballplayer-responded-to-becoming-a-racist-meme/
7) (2015). Anti-Islam activist sues Facebook over 'free speech'.
The Age (Melbourne, Australia).
8) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-Qb4Xtgz31o
9) http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/islamophobic-groupposts-names-addresses-of-texas-muslims-onfacebook_us_56572f10e4b079b2818a5187
10) https://www.facebook.com/Anti-Islam-Alliance104201582969970/
11) https://twitter.com/hashtag/antimuslim?vertical=default
12 )Independent Print Ltd. (2015). Twitter and Facebook 'allowing
Islamophobia to flourish'. The Independent (London, England).
13 )Guardian Newspapers Ltd. (2015). 'No Diet Coke for you':
Islamophobia at 30,000 feet leads to viral United Airlines boycott;
Muslim chaplain's Facebook post alleges discriminatory service
with man next to Tahera Ahmad being served beer as airline says
it will 'get a better understanding'. theguardian.com.
14) Matindoost, L. (2015). Media representation of Muslim youth
in Australia. Media Development, 62(3), 33-36.
15) Cleland, J. (2014). Racism, football fans, and online message
boards: how social media has added a new dimension to racist
discourse in English football.Journal Of Sport & Social Issues,
38(5), 415-431. doi:10.1177/01937235199922
16) Poole, E. (2014). 'Muslim Media' and the Politics of
Representation: Media and Cultural Responses to Diversity Issues
in Britain. Middle East Journal Of Culture & Communication, 7(1),
101-118. doi:10.1163/18739865-00701002
17) Ekman, M. (2015). Online Islamophobia and the politics of
fear: manufacturing the green scare. Ethnic & Racial Studies,
38(11), 1986-2002. doi:10.1080/01419870.2015.1021264
18) Ogan, C., Willnat, L., Pennington, R., & Bashir, M. (2014). The
rise of anti-Muslim prejudice: media and Islamophobia in Europe

and the United States. The International Communication Gazette,

(1), 27.
19) Fairfox Media Publications Pty Limited (2015). Inquiry follows
Nauru guards' anti-Islam posts on social media. The Sydney
Morning Herald (Sydney, Australia).
20) http://www.memecenter.com/search/anti%20islam
21) http://www.huffingtonpost.com/rose-deighton/antiislamicmemes-the-ugl_b_9342086.html
22) http://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/hate-attacksmuslims-u-s-spike-after-recent-acts-terrorism-n482456
23) Facebook Post: Scott Sexton: February 29, 2016 Post: SearchMuslim hate
24) https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2015/12/14/mosquearson-suspect-left-social-media-hints-anti-muslim-anti-semiticviews
25) http://www.bbc.co.uk/newsbeat/article/35677435/facebookwants-to-crack-down-against-hate-speech-on-migrants
26) Awan, I. (2014). Islamophobia and Twitter: A Typology of
Online Hate Against Muslims on Social Media. Policy & Internet,
6(2), 133. doi:10.1002/1944-2866.POI364
27) http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/islamophobiamainstream-media-paris-terroristattacks_us_564cb277e4b08c74b7339984
28) Facebook: Search- anit-muslim Trump in search engine
29) Facebook: Search- anti-muslim rhetoric
30) Uloop inc. (2015). Opinion: U.S. media and justice system
encourage hate crimes against Arabs and Muslims. UWIRE Text.