Zamudio 1

Marilyn Zamudio
Professor Lewis
English 1010
7 February 2017
The Importance of Helping Improve Young Latin Americans Lifestyles

One of every five Latin Americans between the ages of 15 and 24 wakes up every
morning with no school to attend or paid job to do.- Jorge Familiar. In my opinion the
overall argument of this article is that the so called ninis (young Latin Americans que ni
trabajan, ni estudian) have potential and that we should be able to help them reach that.
Young Latin Americans that are driven into this kind of lifestyle are usually a victim of a
generation to generation act. I believe that convincing and teaching them somehow that
they dont have to keep doing what everyone else has been doing in their past
generations can help them realize that they can make a difference in their lives and in
their future generations lives also.
The authors audiences I feel like are School boards, Parents, Teachers, and
people in general that are able to help prevent Young Latin Americans from becoming
unemployed and without an education. The reason why I feel like the school boards are
part of his audiences is because if they dont become strict and show concern of their
students, the students will never be disciplined enough to be driven into success. The
parents are also an audience I feel like because parents should be more involved with

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what is going on in the lives of their children. Making them more a part of school
activities and being actually involved with their childrens school activities and also
making sure they are kept busy and employed should help them. Keeping them away
from violence and making sure they know that you expect them to do great in all aspects
of life can make young adults feel as if they should do great just to succeed and to prove
to everyone that they arent like others, that they have a purpose in life, and that they
can change their negative and awful lifestyles to positive ways of living their lives.
Teachers can become close to their students and make sure they are being helped
enough when they are not understanding materials. Working with their students extra
hours after class (tutoring, extracurricular activities, educational field trips) can make
them feel smart, a part of something important, and also helps them through
educational aspects of life. Programs that can help young adults with childcare, or to
prevent pregnancy can help young Latin Women become successful. Also employment
programs which can help them figure out what their talents and abilities are and match
that with a type of job that they would actually enjoy.
I feel like the author established his argument well because he stated a lot of
points and also backed them up with a lot of fact. The author didnt only talk about one
country in Latin America he stated facts about different ones and he compared and
contrasted them all. The audience was targeted because he specifically said, But in

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order to do so the region will need to generate educational and employment

opportunities for all its youth something that it is failing to do for one fifth of them.
Without opportunities these Young Latin Americans dont feel like they have a chance of
achieving their goals and so thats why Jorge states that the whole region should work
hard to make it possible for the ninis to feel like they have the opportunity to have an
education, get a job, and become successful. Jorge also said Nearly 60 percent of ninis
in the region are from poor or vulnerable households, in the bottom 40 percent of the
income distribution. Their lack of education and skills tends to lock them into low income
conditions from one generation to the next. He stated this fact to prove that their
household and educational aspects of life need to be worked on. Ninis or not, young
people are full of potential and we have the responsibility as a society to help them
reach it. Coming from a generation of ninis it is hard for the next generation not to go in
the same direction that their ancestors went. Ninis dont believe in themselves and so the
author believes people should help the ninis in leading them into the road of success. He
mentioned the areas that Young Latin Americans need help in to become successful and
then he stated that we and people of the audience he was trying to reach should help
these Young Latin Americans reach the level of potential that they have in this quote.
The overall message of the author I felt like was that the ninis come from a
generation to generation act and belief that they cant succeed and so they have no

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choice but to be Young Latin Americans that dont work nor have an education. Jorge
believes that if higher class people in those countries work hard to help these ninis reach
the possible potential they have ninis will decrease in the Latin American Countries.
Child Prostitution
Zona Norte, located in Tijuana, Mexico is an official neighborhood that
is also known as La Coahuila for the name of the primary avenue that runs
through it. It is the largest red-light district in North America known for its
brothels. Tijuana is also well known for highly commercialized prostitution
which is legal within the city as long as the sex workers have a permit and
are subjected to monthly health checkups. However, the Sexual Exploitation
of Children was made illegal in the state of Tijuana which has been an issue
for years and years in the past and still is.
According to Elena Azaola (The author of an article with the title of
The Sexual Exploitation of Children in Mexico) there are four types of
sexual commercial exploitation of children commonly recognized by the
international agencies: prostitution, trafficking, pornography, and sex
tourism. The bad thing about Mexico is that in different states of this
country the ages of being an adult are different. In some sates eighteen is
the age of being an adult and in others it goes down to the age of twelve.
The children at the age of twelve have to suffer for longer time than the
children who are considered adults at the age of eighteen. In the states
where twelve year olds are already considered adults it is impossible for

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them to get out of their bad situation of child exploitation and especially
when they are being forced. Some of these children are not forced. Some of
these children choose to be a part of child exploitation without being forced
into it because they feel like its a good way to survive or they consider it as
their employment. Some of these children offer these services in common
small businesses like snack stores, liquor stores, and small businesses where
the owner of the store offers a warehouse or a small room that can make him
some money when children preform sexual services. This puts the child at
great health risk because of the low hygiene and health services available.
However the children that are employed in massage parlors, beauty salons,
or entertainment businesses that operate by phone are at less risk because
they are protected, offered health services, and are on premises that have
better hygiene. The people that are exploiting these children seem to take
the children from one town to another and even from one side of the country
to the other or out of the country to the USA just with the objective to take
them away from the family and support that they can be receiving.
(Azaola102)
Some of the negative things that cause child exploitation mentioned by
Elena in this article were: (1) Weak application of the normal norms; (2)
Alcoholism in the parents and increasing drug consumption among the children; (3)
Abandonment or expulsion of children from the family and an increase in the
number of children living or working on the streets; (3) Low levels of schooling; (4)
High levels of unemployment and under-employment; (5) Existence of organized

Zamudio 6
networks for the recruitment, trafficking, and sexual exploitation of children; (6)
Corruption of police bodies and participation of the same in organized crime
networks; (7) Insufficient material and human resources in the institutions to
provide adequate, specialized care to child victims. (Zaola99-100)

There are many different ways that children can be tricked into this
child exploitation. Two of the ways are the exploiter saying that they are
going to have a better job of waitressing or acting. The other way is that
someone from the own childs family is also involved in child exploitation and
the child doesnt even realize. These types of cases were only discovered
when the childs first generation family had enough of the money that they
were receiving from their child being sold, traded, and raped, reports the
person involved when they want their child back. How unbelievable is that?
(Azaola103)
During my research I encountered an article with the title
ofPunishment As Protection. In this article the author Cynthia Godsoe talks
about how in some states in the US there are under aged girls that are being
prosecuted for prostitution and then when they are done with time they get
out of jail or prison a whole different person. They are forced through rehab
meetings/classes and are required to participate in activities that make their
behavior and thoughts about life change. She also talks about support
homes that are offered for child prostitutes that are looking for change in
their lives. (Godsoe1320-1322) As I was reading this article it made me think
of this as a solution. Law enforcement in Mexico have not stopped the child

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commercial exploitation from occurring. Why not catch the child prostitutes
and incarcerate them not only so that they are personally, emotionally and
morally changed but also to keep them protected? This might affect their
futures but at least maybe the prison or government institution can maybe
raise money somehow to build programs for juvenile or women/regular jail
and prison so that the girls learn to do things and then use their talents to
find good jobs when they come out. This should keep them from going back
to the streets, where they thought they would have to spend the rest of their
lives.
A solution like the one that I have thought of though does have some
possible failures like maybe the cops in Mexico actually being a part of these
organized crimes so instead of them helping with this they are going to be a
part of it and make it even worst. Or even the juvenile prostitutes are
actually motivated to somehow keep being a part of these illegal organized
crimes. Some of the things that motivates these juvenile prostitutes
according to an article that I read were money, drugs, better lifestyles, and
even unfortunately identity, meaning that they are willing to accept that they
prostitute. (Hulling140) This is kind of a problem because most likely my
solution would not be a solution for these juveniles that find motivation for
being a part of these child exploitations.
In conclusion there is a really big issue with child exploitation in Mexico
and in Tijuana, Mexico in particular where no one is able stop it and or
control it not even with enforced laws. Maybe making adult exploitation

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illegal would not even help stop this. This is why I came up with the solution
of not making it illegal, but actually incarcerating the people participating in
these illegal exploitation organizations. With the incarceration these victims
will be protected and changed physically, and emotionally. This solution can
also have them view their talents and use those talents to be able to find a
great job when they get out and to keep them out and away from the streets.
Works Cited
1. Azoala, Elena. The Sexual Exploitation of Children in Mexico
Police Practice & Research. 7.2 (May2006): 97-110. EBSCOhost.
Web.
9April2016.
2. Godsoe, Cynthia. Punishment as Protection Houston Law Review.
52.5
(Spring2015): 1313-1384. EBSCOhost. Web. 9April2016.
3. Hulling Huang, Bedford Olwen. Juveniles Motivations for Remaining in
Prostitution
Psychology of Women Querterly. 28.2 (June2014): 136-146.
EBSCOhost. Web
9/April/2016

Explosive Speed
This image is advertising the new Mercurial Vapor 8 soccer cleats by Nike. In
the center of this image is a professional soccer player named Neymar. I feel like
the audience of this advertisement is of course soccer players who are looking to
buy new soccer cleats. By putting Neymar right at the center of this picture for
advertisement I feel the designer of this image wanted him to be the first thing that
a person sees so that they will convince buyers to buy these shoes. This is because

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someone famous is using them and so that goes to make people think that these
shoes are of good quality.
The word explosive on the left was bolded to make it look big and sort of
highlight the meaning of the explosive fire that is left behind by Neymar as his
speed is super-fast to reach the ball with those new Nikes on. The tilting of
Neymars body also shows kind of the concept of the word speed in the title of this
Nike advertisement. His hair is swished up because of how fast these exploding
speed shoes are making him run. The exploding wouldnt really happen of course.
The reason why they are advertising these as explosive speed, is because they
are super lightweight shoes and they just want to over exaggerate that the shoes
can make you run faster. The over exaggeration of this article was also used to
convince people to by the product. I compare this over exaggeration to when they
put on movie trailers the most important and suspenseful parts of the movie to
make it look good.
The Nike check is down at the bottom left and separated with a line which
makes the Nike sign single out to highlight the brand of the shoe. The name
Mercurial is just the name of the Nike cleats. Soccer cleats that are worn by
professional soccer players have different names but are associated with Nike.
The darkness up at the top of this page makes me want to look more towards
the bottom when Im looking that this image from top to bottom. That darkness
then leads to the stage lights which are usually on a stadium to light up the whole
field but in this advertising image the stage lights are creating a shadow around
Soccer star Neymar, kind of like a spot light. This is making Neymar sort of pop out
from the darkness surrounding him so that he is seen more. The color orange on his

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uniform and behind him and also the yellow in the fire I feel like are contrasting the
color of the shoes and the title of these shoes. According to Color Psychology-Walter
Graff which was an article that I read on google. There are many ways that color can affect the
way that you feel and what you think about a product. The color orange is used to make
products that are high priced look more inviting.
Soccer players would know that even though the ball is really close to him in
the image and he is running fast that is for a reason. In soccer even if the ball is
really, really close to you on the field you have to take good and quick control of the
ball. Another reason why the ball and he is in that position is because Neymar is
probably gaining his speed to take a really good shot into the goal net. What makes
me think this is that it seems like he looking towards his target so that he can aim
that way with the position that his body is in.
I feel like this designer did an overall great job with this image because he
really made the shoes look and sound like a buyable product. He puts Neymar in
this picture would definitely be one of the reasons why anyone would buy these
shoes. The light in the back totally highlighted Neymar and the explosive look of his
speed. I felt like this title actually went well with the images and texts that were put
into this Nike soccer cleat advertisement.

Zamudio 11

The Effect on a
Burglary
December
22, 2015 at around
3am was when it
happened. A half
hour before that, my mom had locked the doors for the day and gone home.
Shortly after my mom went home she received a call that the alarm had
gone on. Upon her arrival she met up with police officers and the gas station
owner. As she approached the location she noticed that there was broken
glass, scattered merchandise, and two broken gambling machines that were
in the store for customers entertainment. In fear she entered the location
realizing that it had been robbed, vandalized, and violated. While police and
owners gathered evidence and witness statements, my mom had to clean
and put away the merchandise that wasnt damaged. After a few hours of
statements, gathering evidence, finally they were able to clear the area.
Sadly, everyone was scheduled to work the next day even though the
thought of being there was scary for the person that always closed, which
was my mom.

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In the video recordings from the video surveillance that my mother

sent me I could see in the first video that the burglar was using a long tool to
bang against both gambling machine money holders to break it open, which
her was successful in. I could see that the person decided to take the whole
thing. That machine was so damaged that a couple of weeks later it had to
be replaced, now that was tragic to the regular customers who loved going in
there every day after a long day of work. In the second video I could see that
the burglar was steeling segregates and other merchandise that were under
the front counter. The back door was so damaged that, also had to be
replaced. The door handle was too hard for him to break for him to go in that
the broke the door down. The merchandise was wacked with the tool that he
had used to break the gambling machined. The food went all over the place
and drinks were spilled. My mom was not able to save a lot of the things. All
the smoke pipes and vapes were stolen, which not to mention there went like
hundreds and even maybe thousands of dollars. The burglar did not only
choose to steel and damage the merchandise. The person decided to break
windows and tag on 80% of the walls.
There were witness statements from the people who lived around the
gas station. One of the statements my mother said was stating that the
house owner went out for a smoke and kept seeing a guy with a gray or
black hoody wondering around the gas station. The witness said that once
she saw the guy go around the corner in the back which was where the back
door was, he waited like five minutes when the security alarm broke the

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silence of the night. My mom says that it seems like not only the alarm
triggered the police to come, but also that person that was a neighbor of the
gas station.
As they were running the investigation they did not find much because
the burglar was very smart about things. He wore gloves which was clever
because of course the cops did not find any finger prints. The burglar also
wore a hoody with a big hood big enough to cover up his face to hide it from
the camera and the cops were not able to identify him with facial features
with the camera. The only trace that he left behind was the tool which of
course did not help much since he used the gloves. There was camera on the
outside which was in the front. The car he drove the cops think was driven
into the premises from the side entrance of the premises. They were not able
to identify a car. The only thing that they saw was footage of a car about 10
minutes before the cops showed up, that went past the front right corner of
the street across the street.
This burglary ended up affecting a lot of things about that very popular
Tesoro gas station. There were only 3 employees of the gas station. There
was my mom, the manager, and a guy that worked the afternoon shift. My
mom was always the last one out the door she worked from 6pm to 2:00am
and then she would close the doors to clean and be out of there by 2:20 or
thirty depending on how bad the floors and bathrooms were. We lived by that
gas station and one of the family members of the house would go at 2 to
help her with the cleaning so she was never alone, that is why she didnt

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mind working that shift. After the burglary my mom and one other person
quit working there. My mom and the other female thought it was just way to
dangerous and they were afraid of actually being there is another burglary
happens. Not only did my mom quit that job she also ended up moving from
that city to another. I was kind of relieved because I was always worried for
her even before the burglary even happened because I had heard a lot of
bad things about that gas station. Next thing one month later another
burglary occurred in that same gas station.
My mom stayed friends with the manager of that gas station. She said
that the manager told her that it took so long for them to recuperate from
the first burglary that by the time second burglary happened they were
barely getting back on track. She says that they ended up getting another
alarm system. That they had to buy so much merchandise they spent
thousands to replace the ones that were damaged and stolen. She says the
damage of the walls and windows were more expensive to fix because not
only did they have buy paint, windows, and the equipment, but they also had
to spend money on paying the painters and window installers. The only two
employees that stayed were always very afraid during their work shift. The
owner of the gas station ended up cutting the hours of how long the gas
station was open for. The gas station now closes at 10pm instead of 2am so
obviously the sales went down.
To avoid situations like this. It is always a good idea to have better
video surveillances, better windows that will be less likely to break, and

Zamudio 15

doors that are better and have a more secure door lock system. Im glad that
at the time of the burglary my mom was not present. Obviously, because of
the burglary there was a lot of damage caused; there was loss of money, loss
of merchandise, a lot of property damage, and it also created fear in
employees and customers of the business. So in conclusion, I believe that
the more precaution that a business is the safer it can be.

Zamudio 16
Resources

1. Bellair, Paul E. Informal Surveillance and Street Crime: A Complex

Relationship
Criminology. 38.1 (February2000): 137-169. EBSCOhost. Web.
29April2016.
This article talked about how some crime increase surveillance more than
others do. It states that burglary rates are not affected by informal
surveillance, but burglary has a positive effect on surveillance when
robbery/stranger assault is controlled. It also states that when risk perception
is controlled, informal surveillance has an inverse effect on robbery/stranger
assault.

2. Chihan Abdullah, Zang Yan, and Hoover Larry. Police Response Time to
In-Progress
Burglary: A Multilevel Analysis Police Quarterly. 15.3
(September2012):
308-327. EBSCOhost. Web. 29April2016
This article talks about how people assume that police response is less quick
for communities that are more crime filled and disadvantaged, but it is the
contrary. These communities are the ones that get the quickest attention
from the police. It states that neighborhoods that generate more calls
receive more officers. It talked about how the burglary response-time from
police was higher for residencies than for commercial locations.

3. Hipp, John R. Assessing Crime as a Problem: The relationship between

Residents
Perception of Crime and Official Crime Rates Over 25 Years
Crime and
Delinquency. 59.4 (June2013): 616-648. EBSCOhost. Web.
29April2016
This article stated that among types of violent crime, robbery and aggravated
assault have the strongest effect on the perception of crime in the tract. Burglary

Zamudio 17
showed a stronger effect on perceptions of crime in the 1970s but a steadily
weakening effect since then.

4. Kuo, Shih-Ya. Opportunity, Choice, and Victimization in Taiwan

International Journal of
Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology. 59.8 (July2015):
873-891.
EBSCOhost. Web. 29April2016
This article gave me an idea of maybe what places were more likely to be
burglarized. This article states that Several studies in Taiwan revealed that
households in close proximity to public places, such as parking lots, ongoing
construction sites, vacant land, and parks also heightened the risk of
burglary victimization.
5. Tita G. Modeling and Modeling Repeat and Non-Repeat Burglary
Effects Journal of
Quantitative Criminology. 25.3 (September2009): 325-339.
EBSCOhost. Web.
29April2016
This article said Exact-repeat events are
defined as consecutive burglaries occurring at the same location, separated
by a time
interval of any duration; near-repeat burglary events are instead classified as
taking place
within a set spatial neighborhood of a focal burglary point. It also talks about
how some locations may be at more risk than others.