C S K THUT IN 1

Chng 7: Mng hai ca tuyn tnh

I. Khi nim v mng hai ca.
II. M t ton hc ca mng hai ca - Phng php tnh cc b s
c trng.
III. Tnh cht mng 2 ca tuyn tnh tng h.
IV. Hm truyn t dng - p. Tng tr vo ca mng hai ca. Vn
ha hp ngun v ti bng mng hai ca.

V. Mng hai ca phi h.

VI. Khuch i thut ton.

C s k thut in 1 - Nguyn Vit Sn - 2010

Chng 7: Mng hai ca tuyn tnh

I.1. t vn .
Trong cc chng trc ta hc:
Cc phng php s phc xt mch tuyn tnh h s hng ch xc lp iu ha:

Phng php dng nhnh.

Phng php dng vng.

Phng php th nh.

Cch tnh p ng ca mch tuyn tnh khi ngun l kch thch chu k khng iu ha.
Xt cc quan h tuyn tnh ca mch tuyn tnh, t xy dng m hnh mng mt ca
Kirchhoff tuyn tnh.
Trong chng ny ta s xy dng thm mt s cu trc mi, gi l m hnh mng hai ca
Kirchhoff.
Th no l mng 2 ca ???
Ti sao ta phi xy dng m hnh mng 2 ca ???
C s k thut in 1 - Nguyn Vit Sn - 2010

Chng 7: Mng hai ca tuyn tnh

I.1. t vn .
Trong thc t ta thng gp nhng thit b in lm nhim v nhn nng lng hay tn hiu a

vo mt ca ng v truyn ra mt ca ng khc.
V d:

C s k thut in 1 - Nguyn Vit Sn - 2010

Chng 7: Mng hai ca tuyn tnh

I.1. t vn .
Cc thit b trn c cu trc bn trong rt khc nhau nhng iu m ta quan tm khng phi l cu
trc ca n m l qu trnh nng lng, tn hiu trn 2 ca v mi quan h gia 2 qu trnh .
Trong cc thit b o lng, iu khin tnh ton hay tng qut hn l cc h thng o lng iu
khin thng c to bi nhiu khi, trong mi khi thng c 2 ca ng, thc hin mt php

tc ng hay mt php ton t no ln tn hiu ca vo, cho mt tn hiu khc ca ra. Bng
cch phn tch nh vy ta s d dng nhn thy c cu trc ca thit b (hay h thng) cng nh
hiu c chc nng ca thit b (hay h thng) .

m t quan h gia cc qu trnh trn hai ca ng, ngi ta s dng m hnh mng hai ca.

C s k thut in 1 - Nguyn Vit Sn - 2010

Chng 7: Mng hai ca tuyn tnh

I.1. t vn .
nh ngha: M hnh mng hai ca l mt kt cu s mch c hai ca ng nht nh truyn
t hoc trao i nng lng, tn hiu in t vi cc mch khc. Nu qu trnh nng lng trn cc
ca c o bng hai cp bin trng thi dng, p l u1(t), i1(t), u2(t), i2(t) th ta c mng hai ca
Kirchhoff. (Ca ng l mt b phn ca s mch trn ta a vo hoc ly ra tn hiu. Vi cc

bin nhnh trong mch Kirchhoff, ca ng thng l mt cp nh).

Khi mi phng trnh lin h 2 cp bin trng thi dng, p

i1(t)

i2(t)

u1(t)

u2 (t)

f1 (u1 , u1' ,...i1, i1' ,..., u2 , u2' ,..., i2, i2' ,..., t) 0

'
'
'
'
f
(
u
,
u
,...
i
,
i
,...,
u
,
u
,...,
i
,
i
2 1 1 1 1
2
2
2 2 ,..., t) 0

(M hnh ton hc ca
mng 2 ca)

trn ca u phn nh tnh truyn t ca mng 2 ca. Do 2 ca

ng c th ghp vi 2 phn t ty nn theo tnh cht tuyn
tnh, mi bin trng thi trn s c quan h tuyn tnh vi 2 bin

trng thi khc, c dng:

C s k thut in 1 - Nguyn Vit Sn - 2010

Chng 7: Mng hai ca tuyn tnh

I.2. Phn loi.
Phn loi theo tnh cht ca m hnh ton hc:

Phn loi theo tnh cht tng h:

Mng hai ca tuyn tnh.

Mng hai ca tng h.

Mng hai ca phi tuyn

Mng hai ca phi h.

Phn loi theo cu trc ca mng hai ca:

Phn loi theo nng ng lng:

Mng hai ca i xng.

Mng hai ca c ngun.

Mng hai ca thun nghch.

Mng hai ca khng ngun.

C s k thut in 1 - Nguyn Vit Sn - 2010

Chng 7: Mng hai ca tuyn tnh

I.2. Phn loi.
phn loi mng hai ca c ngun hay khng ngun, ngi ta lm mt trong 2 th nghim sau:
H mch trn 2 ca (i1 = i2 = 0) o in p trn 2 ca:

i1(t) = 0

i2(t) = 0

Nu u10 = u20 = 0 mng 2 ca khng ngun

Nu u10 0 hoc u20 0 mng 2 ca c ngun

V1

Ngn mch trn 2 ca (u1 = u2 = 0) o dng in trn 2 ca:

Nu i10 = i20 = 0 mng 2 ca khng ngun

Nu i10 0 hoc i20 0 mng 2 ca c ngun

u10(t)

u20(t) V2

i10(t)

i20(t)

A1

A2

u1(t) = 0

u2(t) = 0

Ch : Mc d kt cu bn trong ca mng hai ca c th tn ti ngun e(t), j(t) nhng nu cc phn

t y b trit tiu ngay trc khi ra khi ca v n khng c kh nng cp nng ng lng in t
ra ngoi th ta vn coi n l mng hai ca khng ngun.
C s k thut in 1 - Nguyn Vit Sn - 2010

Chng 7: Mng hai ca tuyn tnh

I.2. Phn loi.
Bng cch phn loi nh trn, ta s c nhiu loi mng hai ca khc nhau:
Mng hai ca phi tuyn c ngun hoc khng ngun.
Mng hai ca tuyn tnh c ngun hoc khng ngun.

Mng hai ca tuyn tnh tng h.

Mng hai ca tuyn tnh phi h.

Trong chng ny ta ch xt vic m t v phn tch mng hai ca tuyn tnh, khng ngun, c h
s hng ch xc lp iu ha.
C th dng phng php nh phc m t v kho st.

C s k thut in 1 - Nguyn Vit Sn - 2010

C S K THUT IN 1

Chng 7: Mng hai ca tuyn tnh

I. Khi nim v mng hai ca.
II. M t ton hc ca mng hai ca - Phng php tnh cc b s c trng.
II.1. H phng trnh trng thi dng A.
II.2. H phng trnh trng thi dng B.
II.3. H phng trnh trng thi dng Z.
II.4. H phng trnh trng thi dng Y.
II.5. H phng trnh trng thi dng H.
II.6. H phng trnh trng thi dng G.
II.7. Ma trn ca h cc mng hai ca.
II.8. Cc phng php tnh b s c trng.

III. Tnh cht mng 2 ca tuyn tnh tng h.

IV. Hm truyn t dng - p. Tng tr vo ca mng hai ca. Vn ha hp ngun
v ti bng mng hai ca.
V. Mng hai ca phi h.

VI. Khuch i thut ton.

C s k thut in 1 - Nguyn Vit Sn - 2010

Chng 7: Mng hai ca tuyn tnh

II.1. H phng trnh trng thi dng A.
Mng hai ca Kirchhoff ch xc lp iu ha c o bi 2 cp bin trng thi dng - p:

U 1, I 1, U 2 , I 2
Ta coi bi ton mng hai ca tuyn tnh l bi ton mt h thng tuyn tnh c 2 phn t bin ng
t 2 ca. Khi theo tnh cht tuyn tnh, mi bin trng thi s c quan h tuyn tnh vi 2 bin

trng thi khc.

I1

Xt quan h tuyn tnh ca cc bin thuc ca 1 theo cc bin

ca 2. Khi ta c h phng trnh trng thi dng:

U 1 A11.U 2 A12 . I 2 U 10

I 1 A21.U 2 A22 . I 2 I 10

I2

U1

U2

Do mng 2 ca khng ngun nn khi ngn mch 2 ca ng (U1 U 2 0) th I1 I 2 0 U10 I10 0

Vy h phng trnh trng thi dng A ca mng 2 ca tuyn tnh khng ngun l:

U 1 A11.U 2 A12 . I 2

I 1 A21.U 2 A22 . I 2

C s k thut in 1 - Nguyn Vit Sn - 2010

Dng ma trn:
U 1 A11
A21
I1

A12 U 2
.
A22
I2

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Chng 7: Mng hai ca tuyn tnh

II.1. H phng trnh trng thi dng A.

U 1 A11.U 2 A12 . I 2

I 1 A21.U 2 A22 . I 2

T phng trnh trng thi ta thy b s Aij c trng cho quan h trng thi
dng - p gia ca 1 v ca 2, hay ni cch khc, n c trng cho s truyn
t ca mng 2 ca.

Nu 2 mng 2 ca c cu trc khc nhau nhng chng c cng b s Aij th ta ni chng hon ton
tng ng nhau v mt truyn t nng lng v tn hiu.
ngha ca b s A:

H mch ca 2: I 2 0

A11

U 1

Ngn mch ca 2: U 2 0

U 2

U1

A12

U2

o bin thin in p trn ca

1 theo kch thch p trn ca 2.

A21

I1

U 2

I1

I2

U2

o bin thin dng trn ca

1 theo kch thch p trn ca 2.
C s k thut in 1 - Nguyn Vit Sn - 2010

[ ]

I2

[ Si ]

U1

o bin thin in p trn ca

1 theo kch thch dng trn ca 2.

U 1

A22

I1

I2

I1

I2

o bin thin dng trn ca 1

theo kch thch dng trn ca 2.
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Chng 7: Mng hai ca tuyn tnh

II.1. H phng trnh trng thi dng A.
Nh vy b s Aij c tnh trong cc iu kin c bit ca mng 2 ca ( l h mch v ngn
mch ca 2) nn chng khng ph thuc vo phn ng ca cc phn t ngoi.
Ni cch khc, b s Aij thc s l cc thng s c trng ca mng 2 ca, v th hin tnh truyn
t gia ca 1 v ca 2.
Cch xc nh thng s Aj:

Cch 1:
Xut pht t s mch c th, ta tm cch lp phng trnh quan h gia cp bin trng

thi (U 1 , I 1 ) theo (U 2 , I 2 ).

Sau khi rt gn v dng trn, cc h s ca (U 2 , I 2 ) chnh l cc b s Aij cn tm.

Cch 2:
Tin hnh th nghim o gi tr cc bin dng in, in p trn 2 ca trong cc iu kin
ngn mch v h mch ti ca 2.
p dng cng thc nh ngha tnh ra cc thng s Aij.
C s k thut in 1 - Nguyn Vit Sn - 2010

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Chng 7: Mng hai ca tuyn tnh

II.1. H phng trnh trng thi dng A.

V d: Tnh b s A ca mng 2 ca c s hnh T nh hnh bn.

Cch 1: Lp phng trnh mch

I
.
Z

I
1
n .Z n
1
d1

I1 I n I 2

Zd1

I1

U1

U 2 I n .Z n I 2 .Z d 2 I n

U 1 Z . U 2 I 2 .Z d 2 I 2 U 2 I 2 .Z d 2 .Z
d1
n

Zn
Zn

U 2 I 2 .Z d 2

I1
I2

Zn

Vy ma trn A ca mch hnh T l:

C s k thut in 1 - Nguyn Vit Sn - 2010

Zd2 I 2

In

Zn

U2

U 2 I 2 .Z d 2
Zn

Zd1
Z d 1.Z d 2
U 1 1
.U 2 Z d 1 Z d 2
. I2
Z
Z
n
n

1 Zd 2

.U 2 1
1
. I 2

Zn
Zn

Zd1
1 Z
n
AT
1

Zn

Z d 1.Z d 2
Zn

Z
1 d 2

Zn

Zd1 Zd 2

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Chng 7: Mng hai ca tuyn tnh

II.1. H phng trnh trng thi dng A.

Zd1

I1

V d: Tnh b s A ca mng 2 ca c s hnh T nh hnh bn.

Zd2 I 2

Cch 2: Tnh b s A theo cng thc nh ngha.

U1

In

Zn

U2

H mch ca 2: I 2 0

A11

U1

U2

Zd1 Zn
Z
1 d1
Zn
Zn

U 1 A11.U 2 A12 . I 2

I 1 A21.U 2 A22 . I 2

A21

I1

U2

1
Zn

Ngn mch ca 2: U 2 0

Z n .Z d 2
Zd1
. I1
Zn Zd 2
Z d 1.Z d 2 Z d 1.Z n Z d 2 .Z n
U1
A12

Zn
Zn
I2
. I1
Zn Zd 2

A12 Z d 1 Z d 2

Z
I1
A22
1 d 2
Zn
Zn
I 2 I1 .
Zn Zd 2
I1

Z d 1.Z d 2
Zn

C s k thut in 1 - Nguyn Vit Sn - 2010

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Chng 7: Mng hai ca tuyn tnh

II.1. H phng trnh trng thi dng A.

Zd1

I1

V d: Tnh b s A ca mng 2 ca c s hnh T nh hnh bn.

Zd2 I 2

Zd1
1 Z
n
AT
1

Zn

Z .Z
Zd1 Zd 2 d1 d 2
Zn

Zd 2
1

Zn

det A A11. A22 A12. A21 1

U1

In

Zn

U2

U 1 A11.U 2 A12 . I 2

I 1 A21.U 2 A22 . I 2

Z d 1.Z d 2 Z d 1 Z d 2 Z d 1.Z d 2 Z d 1 Z d 2

1
2
2
Zn
Zn
Zn
Zn
Zn Zn

Ch : i vi mng 2 ca tuyn tnh v tng h th ta lun c tnh cht det A = 1

I1

I2

I1

I2

U1

A
det A = 1

C s k thut in 1 - Nguyn Vit Sn - 2010

U2

U1

U2

det A = - 1
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Chng 7: Mng hai ca tuyn tnh

II.2. H phng trnh trng thi dng B.

Xt quan h tuyn tnh cp trng thi dng p ca hai (U 2 , I 2 )

theo cp bin trng thi ca mt (U 1 , I 1 ) . Khi ta c h

phng trnh trng thi dng B ca mng 2 ca tuyn tnh
khng ngun:
Dng ma trn: U
2 B11
B21
I2

U 2 B11.U 1 B12 . I 1

I 2 B21.U 1 B22 . I 1

Nh vy ta c:

B A1

I1

I2

U1

U2

B12 U 1
.
B22
I1

det B 1

Quan h gia cc thng s Bij v Aij:

A11 B22

A12 B12

A21 B21

A22 B11

C s k thut in 1 - Nguyn Vit Sn - 2010

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Chng 7: Mng hai ca tuyn tnh

II.3. H phng trnh trng thi dng Z.

Xt quan h tuyn tnh cp trng thi in p trn ca (U 1 ,U 2 )

theo cp bin trng thi dng in trn ca ( I 1 , I 2 ) . Khi ta

c h phng trnh trng thi dng Z ca mng 2 ca tuyn
tnh khng ngun:

U 1 Z11. I 1 Z12 . I 2

U 2 Z 21. I 1 Z 22 . I 2

Dng ma trn:

I1

I2

U1

U 1 Z11
Z 21
U 2

U2

Z12 I 1
.
Z 22
I2

ngha b s Z:

Z11

U1

[] Tng tr vo ca 1

I1

khi ca 2 h mch

Z 21

I 2 0

khi h mch ca 2

I 2 0

U1

[] Tng tr tng h

I2

[] Tng tr tng h

I1

Z12

U2

khi h mch ca 1

I 1 0

C s k thut in 1 - Nguyn Vit Sn - 2010

Z 22

U2

[] Tng tr vo ca 2

I2

khi ca 1 h mch

I 1 0

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Chng 7: Mng hai ca tuyn tnh

II.3. H phng trnh trng thi dng Z.
Cch xc nh thng s Zj:

I1

I2

U1

U2

Cch 1:
Xut pht t s mch c th, ta tm cch lp phng trnh quan h gia cp bin trng

thi (U 1 ,U 2 ) theo ( I 1 , I 2 ) .

Sau khi rt gn v dng trn, cc h s ca ( I 1 , I 2 ) chnh l cc b s Z ij cn tm.

Cch 2:

Tin hnh th nghim o gi tr cc bin dng in, in p trn 2 ca trong cc iu kin

h mch ti ca 1 v ca 2.
p dng cng thc nh ngha tnh ra cc thng s Zij.

C s k thut in 1 - Nguyn Vit Sn - 2010

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Chng 7: Mng hai ca tuyn tnh

II.3. H phng trnh trng thi dng Z.

I1

V d: Tnh b s Z ca mng 2 ca c s hnh T nh hnh bn.

Zd1

Zd2 I 2

Cch 1: Lp phng trnh mch

U1

In

I v1

Zn

I v2

U2

Chn dng in vng c chiu nh hnh v.

Lp phng trnh mch theo phng php dng vng.

U 1 ( Z d 1 Z n ). I v1 Z n . I v 2

U 2 Z n . I v1 ( Z d 2 Z n ). I v 2

U 1 ( Z d 1 Z n ). I 1 Z n . I 2

U 2 Z n . I 1 ( Z d 2 Z n ). I 2

Mt khc c:
I 1 I v1

I 2 I v 2

Vy ma trn Z ca mch hnh T l:

Zd1 Zn
ZT
Zn

C s k thut in 1 - Nguyn Vit Sn - 2010

Zd 2 Zn
Zn

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Chng 7: Mng hai ca tuyn tnh

II.3. H phng trnh trng thi dng Z.

I1

V d: Tnh b s Z ca mng 2 ca c s hnh T nh hnh bn.

Zd2 I 2

Cch 2: Tnh b s Z theo cng thc nh ngha.

Zd1

U1

In

Zn

U2

H mch ca 1: I 1 0

Z12

U1

Zn

Z 22

U2

Zd 2 Zn

I2

I2

U 1 Z11. I 1 Z12 . I 2

U 2 Z 21. I 1 Z 22 . I 2

H mch ca 2: I 2 0

Z11

U1

U2

Zd1 Zn

Z 21

I1

Zn

I1

Zd1 Zn
ZT
Zn

Zd 2 Zn
Zn

Ch : i vi mng 2 ca tuyn tnh tng h ta c ma trn Z i xng qua ng cho chnh.

Z12 Z 21
C s k thut in 1 - Nguyn Vit Sn - 2010

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