DWDM and SDH Optical Network Design

School of advanced studies
SantAnna - Pisa - Italy
University of Tunis - Tunisia
INTERNATIONAL MASTER
IN COMMUNICATION NETWORKS ENGINEERING
IMCNE 2ND EDITION
2006/2007
SDH and DWDM Optical Network Design
By: Tarek Belghith

In partnership with:
Huawei Technologies Italia S.R.L.
Via Benedetto Croce, 19
00142 Roma - ITALY
International Master in Communication Networks Engineering 2nd Edition 2006/2007 Project work thesis: DWDM Networking
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Overview .....................................................................................................5
1.1. Company profile ...........................................................................................5
1.2. University presentation .................................................................................6
1.3. Master and Convention .................................................................................6
1.4. Project work.................................................................................................7
2. Scope of the work.........................................................................................7
2.1. Background..................................................................................................7
2.2. State of the Art ............................................................................................7
2.3. Huawei Technologies: some success in Italy ...................................................8
2.4. Presentation of some Huawei NG optical products ...........................................9
2.4.1. OptiX BWS 1600G................................................................................9
2.4.2. OptiX OSN Series for NG-SDH Networks .............................................. 10
3. OPERATOR-X related tasks .......................................................................... 12
3.1. Requirements............................................................................................. 12
3.2. DWDM network design................................................................................ 12
3.2.1. Required background ........................................................................... 12
3.2.2. Information Required for WDM Design................................................... 13
3.2.3. WDM Technology overview ................................................................... 14
3.2.3.1.
OTM: Optical Termination................................................................. 14
3.2.3.2.
OADM: Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer .................................................. 15
3.2.3.3.
OLA: Optical Line Amplifier ................................................................ 16
3.2.3.4.
REG: REGenerator ............................................................................ 17
3.2.4. OMS concept: Optical Multiplexing Section ............................................. 19
3.3. Network Solution for OPERATOR-X project.................................................... 19
3.3.1. Contents ............................................................................................. 19
3.3.2. Customer Requirements: ...................................................................... 19
Power and PMD Budget............................................................................... 19
Station type and capacity ............................................................................ 20

3.3.3. System signal flow: .............................................................................. 20
3.3.4. Network structure diagram ................................................................... 22
3.3.5. Network configuration diagram ............................................................. 23
4. OPERATOR-Y project tasks .......................................................................... 24
Physical layer ............................................................................................. 24
Network layer............................................................................................. 24
Application layer ......................................................................................... 24

4.1. Solution at physical Layer............................................................................ 25
4.2. Interworking Solution at the Network Layer: IP over DCC, OSI over DCC ........ 27
5. Achievements............................................................................................. 29
5.1. Some professional aspects........................................................................... 29
5.2. Validation of Master studies......................................................................... 29
5.3. Further opportunity within Huawei ............................................................... 30
6. Conclusion ................................................................................................. 31
____________________________________________________________________________
Project work: SDH & DWDM Networking * Huawei Technologies Italy (June-October 2007) By Tarek Belghith.
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TABLE OF FIGURES
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Figure
1 Huawei OptiX product range.................................................................. 10

2 OPERATOR-X Requirements .................................................................. 12
3 OTM.................................................................................................... 14
4 OADM ................................................................................................. 15
5 OLA..................................................................................................... 16
6 REG .................................................................................................... 17
7 DWDM System Overview....................................................................... 18
8 OMS.................................................................................................... 19
9 Solution Architecture: OTM (Type A)...................................................... 20
10 Solution Architecture: OTM (Type B&C) ................................................ 21
11 Solution Architecture: OTM (Type D).................................................... 21
12 Solution Architecture: OLA (Type E&F) ................................................. 22
13 Solution Architecture: Network diagram................................................ 22
14 Solution Architecture: Network configuration ........................................ 23
15 Technical solution: NM transmission via DCC (Huawei as end equipment)25
16 Technical solution: NM data transmission via DCC (Huawei as Gateway) . 26
17 Use of 2M service channel (Huawei as end equipment).......................... 26
18 use of 2M service channel (Huawei as Gateway) ................................... 27
19 Technical solution: DCN based on IP or OSI.......................................... 28
20 IP over DCC (Huawei as Gateway) ....................................................... 28
21 IP over DCC (Huawei as end equipment) .............................................. 28
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PREFACE
I dedicate this master degree to thank:

My parents,
My brothers and sister,
My true friends,
My country Tunisia,
All the people who love me
All the people that I love
For giving me love, support and consideration
During every single step I made.
I also express my deepest gratitude to every concerned staff of:
The Scuola Superiore SantAnna and the University of Tunis,
As well as the other universities taking part in IMCNE,
The steering organizations of this master program,
And the Italian branch of Huawei Technologies Company. Ltd,
For giving me all this valuable scientific and technical background,
For offering me the appropriate environment and facilities,
That allowed me to get along every phase of this course.
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1. Overview
1.1. Company profile
A leading worldwide telecommunication product and solution provider, established

in 1988 in Shenzhen P.R.China, it had activity at national level and started signing
contracts abroad at overseas level fewer years later.
Today, Huawei Technologies is trusted by a number of leading telecom operators
around the world, employing over 50 000 among which 40% are involved in
Research & Development.
Huawei Technologies has notable achievements in Europe in the 5 last years,
having been a leading partner for most of the European telecom operators, notably:
Approved Global UMTS supplier of Vodafone in Italy and Spain, including

ODM handsets...
Preferred Supplier of British Telecom 21st Century Network since 2005,

including MSAN and Optical Transmission products (LH-DWDM).
Global cooperation with Telefonica on Mobile and Fixed/Broadband, and

major IP DSLAM vendor.
Global Mobile Softswitch & GSM BSS Supplier for Orange 2G/3G Networks
Sole supplier for 2G/3G Mobile Softswitch for KPN (), and main supplier for
Optical Transmission and NG IP DSLAM in ALL IP Project
IMS supplier of Deutsche Telekom network for T-COM & T-Mobile networks
in Hungary
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1.2. University presentation

The Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna University is a public institution with special status,
which works in the field of applied science: Economic Sciences, Education Law,
Political Science, Agricultural Sciences, Medical Sciences and Industrial Engineering
and Information.
The school has the objective innovative pathways in research and training by
getting through research and education at international level.
Lecturers and researchers live and interact with the students every day, in a
continuous cultural and intellectual exchange. Hence innovative ideas, the
researches are developed in collaboration with universities, institutions, companies
and research institutes abroad.
Thanks to its international character, training of excellence and to the scientific
community, the Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna has established itself as a point of
reference in Italy and abroad.
Among these international programs, we find the IMCNE International Master in
Communication Networks Engineering held with Tunisian Universities. It started in
October 2005, involving skilled students year after year to enhance their technical
and scientific background in the field of Communication Networks and Information
Technology.
1.3. Master and Convention

This master program is scheduled to the students in two parts:
The first is a theory part (8 months) that consists in an educational way
including course modules to be attended according to a given timetable, as
well as practices, lab sessions and mini-project works relating to each
module. The final evaluation is decided most of the times by a final exam.
Most of these courses have been carried out in the Building of Scuola
Superiore SantAnna in the Integrated Research Centre CNR (Via Moruzzi,
Pisa, Italy). Some of the other courses took place in other facilities, such as
the SantAnna Valdera Pole in Pontedera, the Interdepartmental Language
Center CLI in Pisa.
The second is the practical part ( 4 months) that consists in a project work
that the student performs during a stage period, a working period or a
research activity to apply a part of his skills in a project that may relate to
the scope of the master program, and thus, to validate his IMCNE masters
degree.
I made my validation period in Huawei Technologies Company, Italy branch,
working on the design and the technical study of some optical transmission
networking projects for operators.
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1.4. Project work

During my practice period in Huawei Technologies Italy, I was assigned to deal
with network design within the product team in the optical department of Huawei
Technologies Italy in the office headquartered in Rome.
In my project period, my work consisted on 2 main tasks: the first is WDM network
design for an Italian telecommunication group that I will name OPERATOR X in this
document, and which is a technical study of an optical transmission backbone
through the country territory using the Huaweis BWS 1600G as OTM/OADM
stations.
The second was an elaboration of a technical SDH technology configuration for
another key operator in Italy that I will name OPERATOR Y in this document,
requiring a network solution to carry Data and ADSL traffic flows within a multivendor existing network.
In the following chapters, I will describe some deeper aspects of the DWDM
network design, as well as some SDH technical aspects accordingly to my tasks.
2. Scope of the work

2.1.
Background
After having already been working in it for around one year and a half, Huawei
Technologies Co., Ltd. and being already familiar with the telecommunication industry
within this solution provider, the position that I had in the optical networking
department as product team member allowed me to get along with the latest optical
transmission technologies, namely SDH and WDM networking.
Dealing with several projects, my technical background needed to be reinforced by
some further course in this field, and I found that the International Master in
Communication Networks Engineering is able to meet my needs, either to acquire an
overall technical background enhancement, or a comprehensive set of scientific and
professional information in the field of telecommunications and network engineering.
2.2.
State of the Art
Generally, the carriers backbone networks use this architecture to guarantee the
maximum capacity and the best efficiency when carrying huge amounts of traffic flows
of different types (Data, voice, video, multimedia, TV, Internet...).
Being already familiar with the Synchronous Digital Hierarchy SDH and its related
optical networking features, an important architecture is also the wavelength division
multiplexing (WDM) network that supports lightpaths to carry traffic flows. WDM is
basically frequency division multiplexing in the optical frequency range, where carrier
frequencies are referred to as wavelengths. Lightpaths are end-to-end connections
made up of connected WDM channels that transport either SDH traffic, or other traffic
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types and formats. A network node is said to have wavelength conversion capability if
it can shift the wavelengths of optical signals. The advantage of wavelength
conversion is that it allows the increasing of network capacity and reliability, but its
disadvantage is that it can be expensive and/or difficult to implement.
With the increasing needs for transmission resources and capacities, telecom
operators and similar providers keep on enhancing their transmission networks with
more and more availability and efficiency, by implementing the latest technological
aspects in order to make them able to carry more capabilities and support features.
In this sense, an important Italian operator that I will name OPERATOR-X (Customer
names are required to be kept hidden for Company privacy reasons), has decided to
upgrade a part of its European network by replacing the transmission equipments of a
part of it, putting new ones that support larger capacities, higher bitrates and more
optical multiplexing capabilities. So, OPERATOR-X launched a Request For
Information (RFI) calling solution providers and vendors to propose an engineering
solution that meets the requirements and the satisfies the expected needs.
Besides, another key operator OPERATOR-Y asked for technical solution analyzing the
possibility of connecting a multi-vendor optical network (SDH) to ensure transmission
of some data/ADSL traffic flows, as well as management information for the Huawei
equipments going through other vendors equipment. Their requirements focused on
all of the three layers from physical, network to application. This operator was
interested in Huawei equipment in order to deploy some data links over SDH network
to offer value-added services and high capacity-links to corporate customers. After my
analysis and solution preparation, I was able to provide them with a comprehensive
set of information, which I will detail in the next chapters.
2.3.
Huawei Technologies: some success in Italy

Huawei Named Supplier of WDM Optical
Metropolitan Network for Telecom Italia
[Shenzhen, China - 20 December 2006] Huawei
Technologies Co., Ltd ("Huawei"), a leader in providing
next generation telecommunications network solutions
for operators around the world, has announced it has
been selected by Telecom Italia to carry out
Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) technology
projects. The first Chinese telecommunication
equipment supplier selected for Italian telecom
programs, Huawei was awarded the contract to supply
optical transport technology after the company has
undergone Telecom Italia's stringent evaluation process.
In addition to Telecom Italia, Huaweis other successful
partnerships with European mainstream operators
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include British Telecom, where Huawei is a preferred

vendor in the transport and MSAN domain for its 21CN
program; and a CWDM/DWDM project for Dutch
operator, KPN, in which Huawei is the exclusive vendor..
Huawei's Metro WDM products provide abundant
interfaces, which can support services access and
aggregation with multiple data transfer rates and
different protocols. The unique GE ADM technology
guarantees the flexible grooming of GE service on WDM
network, and saves wavelength and fiber resources.
Based on the company's leading-edge technologies and
experience in commercial application of products
worldwide, Huawei Metro WDM solution has become a
popular choice for constructing an efficient transport
network for IP DSLAM, IPTV, and GE VPN, which is
widely deployed in over ten countries and regions.
2.4.
Presentation of some Huawei NG optical products
2.4.1. OptiX BWS 1600G

Used for the Long haul Project for OPERATOR-X, The BWS 1600G is a Backbone
DWDM Optical Transmission System. It is a high-speed large capacity DWDM optical
transmission system which is designed for telecommunication operators to satisfy their
requirements on extra large capacity and extra long distance transmission. It provides
them with a stable platform for multi-service operation, upgrade and capacity
expansion. It is capable of multiplexing up to 160/192 wavelengths over a single
optical fiber. That is, to transmit carrier signals over this number of wavelengths at a
bit rate of up to 10 Gbps. Besides, when only the 80 wavelengths of C band are
accessed, a single channel can support an access rate of up to 40 Gbps.
The OptiX BWS 1600G system realizes DWDM bi-directional transmission through dual
optical fibers. It supports optical multiplexing/demultiplexing, EDFA, Raman
amplification, channel equalization, coding modulation, FEC, Reconfigurable optical
Add-Drop Multiplexer (ROADM), Remote Optically Pumped Amplifiers (ROPA),
dispersion compensation, and unified NMS technologies. The OptiX BWS 1600G is
stable in performance, and can be deployed flexibly. Catering to different requirements,
on long distances transmission, the OptiX BWS 1600G provides a series of technical
solutions such as:
Increasing the system capacity,

Enriching the service varieties,
Adopting ultra long-haul transmission technology,
Adopting the network protection technology to enhance the network security
and survivability,
Adopting the full operation and maintenance technologies to improve the
network performance.
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2.4.2. OptiX OSN Series for NG-SDH Networks

The Huawei OptiX product range is usually associated to the optical SDH equipment,
to be deployed on the operators optical metro and access networks, taking the optical
signal at the backbone to deliver the related services to the end user. This range of
equipments was proposed for the issues related to the requirements of the telecom
operators named accordingly OPERATOR-X and OPERATOR-Y in this report.
Figure 1 Huawei OptiX product range
Besides, with the development of broadband and video services, network

operators are rapidly migrating to next-generation IP/Ethernet-based
infrastructures. The broadband service rise requires a more powerful metro optical
network. The demands for bandwidth and flexibility are forcing operators to
fundamentally review, rethink and upgrade their metro optical network.
Considering this, further OSN equipments have been developed to integrate the
new optical technology aspects: the OSN 6800/3800 provides an OTN&ASON
Based intelligent Multi-service service WDM platform. It enables telecom networks
to migrate from the traditional voice-oriented to the next-generation data-oriented
transport network. It is designed for network operators and carrier networks to
provide them with flexibility, high-speed data storage and multimedia applications.
It supports multiple services, multiple network topologies and transparency
protocols in metro and regional networks.
This equipment incorporated the multiple next generation network technologies
such as G.709 OTN, ROADM, tunable and pluggable optics, ASON/GMPLS, 40G,
data switching, ODB capability to support most flexible and data-optimized optical
transport infrastructure.
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The OSN 6800/3800 provides full support for G.709 OTN that covers the
overhead, mapping, FEC, multiplexing, cross-connection, management, supervisory,
etc.
It also offers End-to-End provisioning by implementing G.709 OTN. So that, it
does not only serve as WDM for transport capacity extension, but also as multiwavelength optical transport network (OTN) which provides End-to-End grooming.
(Multiplexing vs. Networking).
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3. OPERATOR-X related tasks

3.1. Requirements
The project concerns the providing of the appropriate WDM optical transmission
equipments and tools on the following diagram:
Figure 2 OPERATOR-X Requirements
3.2. DWDM network design

3.2.1. Required background
Before any activity, the WDM network designer should be quite familiar with the
design elementary information, which is the key of a successful design. The
network designer should properly scale his design according to the following
aspects:
Attenuation and power budget
9 Output and Input of Transponders,
9 Insertion loss of passive components
9 Fiber attenuation
9 Amplifier (EDFA & Raman ) input range/gain/output
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OSNR calculation
9 Calculation Tool and Transponders Receiving Tolerance
Chromatic dispersion
9 DCF/DCM (Dispersion compensation fiber/module)
PMD : Polarization Mode Dispersion
9 Use of PMD compensator
Nonlinearity
9 Choice of transponder type
9 Low down input power to fiber
9 Widen channel spacing
9 Using a REG (Regenerator) station (Last issue)
3.2.2. Information Required for WDM Design
System Capacity
One of the mandatory information for the network design is: the initial and final
required capacity, as well as the maximum capacity that can be achieved without
traffic interruption in case of future expansion. The customer usually provides
documentation that specifies its needs for each span of each coverage area.
These requirements are studied clearly taking into account all the other factors
(data type, final users population, etc).
Service requirement
This requirement depends mainly on the capacity of the network, (i.e.: Whether it
is a 10Gbit/s network or 2.5Gbits one).
The traffic matrix will make it easier to track the traffics of different types and
capacities between the nodes of the network. Even that services may differ from
link to another, the requirements may include data types which aim to be used
later for future extension of the network.
Fiber Type
This point is often specified by the target customer, according to its existing
infrastructure and requirements. (i.e.: G.652, G.655, G.653)
In our projected network, all the fiber is G.655, but we found an elementary span
of G.654 which has been used for a small submarine part of the network.
Fiber length for each span and attenuation principle
Same as the previous point, we should study in details the operator requirements
to be well aware about the node sites, and thus about the fiber span length and
signal attenuation within the optical network.
In fact, the optical Attenuators will be set according to several parameters that are
mainly related to the span length, fiber attenuation, as well as the fiber type itself.
Site type (OTM, OADM, OLA)
Deciding about the site type is strongly linked to the site accuracy and importance
with respect to the network use, user population at this site, etc.
OTM sites generally stand for main sites that will deal with a high number of
wavelengths; you can refer to the network diagram to know the site assignment
according the site type.
Other requirements and limits
It is obvious that we are always subjected to some unpredicted facts, that is, as
example; In some projects (in execution) of an Italian operator, we met a problem
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in the optical link between two sites on some WDM ring in Rome, whereas all the
remaining sites of that ring were ready for use. The problem came from the
operators side, but he caused for us some delay in the project processing schedule.
3.2.3. WDM Technology overview
The WDM network is made up by several components and nodes, among which
we can find different types serving a specific function each. The main nodes of a
WDM link are the OTM (One OTM per ring or two OTM per point-to-point link).
3.2.3.1. OTM: Optical Termination
Realize services add/dropping and Optical/Electrical/Optical signal conversion
for all optical channels.
; The adding/dropping optical channels would be terminated and sent to SDH,
ATM or IP equipment.
; The pass through optical channels would be passed to next site.
; The regenerated optical channels would be regenerated by OTU/REG.
OTM
1
OBU
OTU
M
4
0
OTU
s
n
SCC
F
I
U
SC1
1
OTU
D
4
0
OTU
OAU
n
Figure 3 OTM
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3.2.3.2. OADM: Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer

Add/dropping part of channels and the others pass away transparently
; The adding/dropping optical channels would be sent to SDH, ATM or IP
equipment.
; The through optical channels have not any process
OADM
s
SC
SC
Pass-through
Wavelengths
F
I
U
OA
Add/Drop
Wavelengths
OB
OB
OADM
OADM
OADM
Unit
Unit
Unit
2 3
O O
T T
U U
F
I
U
OA
O O
T T
U U
Figure 4 OADM
Besides, the optical signal inside the fiber is subjected to the nonlinear effects,
whose impact is quite important on the transmission power. This latter should be
kept above a given threshold in order to be correctly received by destination node.
Thus, some additional intermediary nodes may be added to the WDM link if needed,
namely OLA and REG sites.
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3.2.3.3. OLA: Optical Line Amplifier

; It only amplifies optical signals.
; Compensates power loss caused by fiber and other passive optical components
OLA
OA
F
I
U
F
I
U
SC2
SCC
OAU
Figure 5 OLA
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3.2.3.4. REG: REGenerator

The Regenerator performs OEO conversion for all optical channels.
; All optical channels would be terminated in REG, OTU would regenerate optical
signals and transport to next station
REG
OAU
OTU
4
0
4
0
OTU
F
I
U
SCC
4
0
1
OTU
F
I
U
4
0
OTU
OBU
SC2
OBU
OAU
n
Figure 6 REG
N.B: REG station are costly, so it is suggested to avoid using them, except for
optical signals whose power becomes very low to be received by transponders
(OSNR, PMD, Nonlinearity Effects).
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System Overview
Optional OSC
OSC Termination
OSC Termination
Non-Coloured
Interfaces
OSC
Add
Transponder
OSC Termination
OSC
Drop
Transponder
DCF
Direct Coloured
Interfaces
OADM or ROADM
F
I
U
F
I
U
Drop
F
I
U
Add
F
I
U
MUX
Muxponder
MUX
Low Rate
Interfaces
OSC
OSC
Muxponder
Transponder
Transponder
OADM or ROADM
40 Wavelengths
over a single fiber
OTM
OADM
OTM : Optical Terminal Multiplexer (40 s)

OADM : Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer (2/4 s)
OA : Optical Amplifier, C-Band (Amplified output at 1530-1565nm)
Muxponder
Multiplexer
OTM
Transponder
Coloured
Interfaces
Transponder
Optional Amplifier
DEMUX
Direct Coloured
Interfaces
DEMUX
Muxponder
Muxponder
OSC : Optical Supervisory Channel

FIU : Fiber Interface Unit (Adds/ Drops OSC)
SCC : System control and communication and performance monitoring units
Figure 7 DWDM System Overview
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3.2.4. OMS concept: Optical Multiplexing Section

The section between 3R functions transponders:
9 The section between OTM and OTM;
9 The section between OTM and REG;
9 For OADM stations, the section between OTM/REG and site with
adding/dropping wavelengths.
R
E
G
O
T
M
OAS
OAS
R
E
G
O
T
M
OADM
OAS
OAS
OAS
OMS
REG/OMS
REG/OMS
OMS
OAS: Optical Amplifier Span

OMS: Optical Multiplexing Section
Figure 8 OMS
3.3.
Network Solution for OPERATOR-X project
3.3.1. Contents
The total solution for the aforesaid operator includes all the technical parts namely
the Network Design Requirements and Specifications, the System Signal Flow, the
Network Structure and Design Diagram, and some Highlights of HUAWEI Proposed
Solution.
3.3.2. Customer Requirements:
Power and PMD Budget

Fiber Attenuation Coefficient
0.22dB/km
Maximum Loss per Connector
0.5dB
Connectors for Each Span
Fiber Margin
3.0dB
Middle Joint Connection Loss
1.5dB
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Extra Attenuation
1.5dB for A1,A2,A3,A4,A5,A6
PMD Coefficient of Fiber
0.1(ps/km1/2)
Station type and capacity
System Capacity
800G system, 50GHZ spacing
Type A
80 channels for each direction
Type B
At least 20 channels
Type C
At least 40 channels
Type D
ROADM node, at least 40 channels
Type E
Can be treating as REG node or OLA node.
Type F
Can only be OLA node, equipments should

be put in the existing rack (ETSI: 600 x 600
x 2200 mm )
3.3.3. System signal flow:

OTM (Type A)
1
O
T
U
4
1
OSC
M
M4
V40
04
Even
0
M
M4
D40
04
Even
0
I
T
L
OBU
DCM
F
I
U
1
O
T
U
4
1
M
M4
V40
04
ODD
0
M
M4
D40
04
ODD
0
F
I
U
OA
DCM
Figure 9 Solution Architecture: OTM (Type A)
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OTM - Type B & C (1 Direction)

1
O
T
U
OSC
M
M
V40
404
Even
0
Phase 1
4
M
M
D40
404
Even
0
I
T
L
O
T
U
M
M
V40
404
ODD
0
OBU
DC
F
I
U
F
I
U
O
A
Phase 2:
For future
extension
M
M
D40
404
ODD
0
DC
Figure 10 Solution Architecture: OTM (Type B&C)
ROADM - Type D (Support 80 Channels)

O
T
U
D40E
M
DCM
O
A
F
I
U
O
B
DCM
O
T
U
V40E
M
M
W
4S
0D
R
M
M
4
U
0
DCM
M
R
4
M
0
U
W
M
S4
D
0
O
A
M
V40E
M
D40E
OB
F
I
U
DCM
Figure 11 Solution Architecture: OTM (Type D)
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OLA - Type E and F (Support 80 Channels)
DC
O
F
I
U
F
I
U
SC2
DC
Figure 12 Solution Architecture: OLA (Type E&F)
3.3.4. Network structure diagram

F4
80.52km
F4
74.04km
124km
O
F4
87.25km
F4
62.65km
F4
55.64km
A
65km
F5
F5
73.30km
O
103.05km
73km
40.60km
O
44km
20.90km
F4
6.75km
F5
109km
116.24km
59.22km
100km
F5
14.48km
A1
109.75km
F2
F4
95.62km
102.74km
80.34km
F2
92.83km
99.10km
F1
85.70km
101.70km
30km
112.49km
102.20km
71.26km
83.60km
O
63.10km
F1
F1
F4
97.68km
F3
27.55km
59.35km
84.10km
F1
94.40km
94.60km
96.60km
F3
O
F3
97.42km
F3
OF3
73.23km
94.72km
F2
74.14km
F4
97.30km
34.68km
81.31km O
F1
98.70km
112.53km
O
F2
F1
F4
17.42km
98.20km
O
88.80km
F3
F3
92.50km
F3
F3
72.52km
OF3
74.40km
88.44km
F1
OF2
77.47km
69.17km
F1
73.97km
F2
90.62km
68.78km
Site By Passed
48.61km
71.93km
F1
68.22km
O
F2
75.03km
82.37km
95.56km
O
F
F
Legend:
73.32km
O
83.03km
80.59km
O
G.655 TWRS
86.93km
O
G.654
84.02km
O
60.78km
O
G.652
64.11km
77.06km
OF2
OF2
99.13km
84.73km
32.43km
Figure 13 Solution Architecture: Network diagram
____________________________________________________________________________
Page _22
3.3.5. Network configuration diagram
Legend:
Figure 14 Solution Architecture: Network configuration
____________________________________________________________________________
Page _23
4. OPERATOR-Y project tasks

The OPERATOR-Y intends to launch a new commercial product that aims mainly
the corporate customers with high transmission resource needs and supporting big
capacities at the metro level, OPERATOR-Y has already its own existing optical
network at that level, which is made up of several equipments from different vendors,
their first worry was the ability to manage the Huawei equipments in a multi-vendor
environment from one side, as well as the ability to manager these other vendors
equipment in a network made of some Huawei equipments.
For this, we offered a technical response telling them about the possibility of
configuring the D bytes (i.e: D1~D3, D4~D12) which are dedicated to the
maintenance, performance and OAM information transport within the SDH frame.
The technical information feedback that I prepared for this customer focused
mainly on this capability to integrate multi-vendor environments. To do so, my
technical discussion included several explanations related to this issue.
In fact, Huawei equipments can be configured in such a way to support the
integration in a multi-vendor network, using one of two solutions: either on Physical
layer of at Network layer. Below, I am detailing the processing of management
information at each layer:
Physical layer
Use different DCC resources and implement interconnection and
interworking through the transparent transmission function of the DCC, including
two aspects: Huaweis equipment provides a DCC transparent transmission
channel to transport management information for other vendors equipment;
other vendors equipment provides a DCC transparent transmission channel to
transport management information for Huaweis equipment. Besides, a 2M
service channel can also be configured to achive these issues between
equipments.
Network layer
Communicate directly with other vendors' equipment through the standard
communication protocols, such as IP over DCC and OSI over DCC.
Application layer
Interwork the management protocols (CMIP, SNMP, Corba and MML) and
information models (MIB) to achieve appropriate OAM operation on the
transmission equipment.
____________________________________________________________________________
Page _24
4.1. Solution at physical Layer

My proposed solution at the physical and network layers was the following:
Other vendors equipment transparently transmits Huaweis DCC management
information
OptiX
D1 - D3, D4 - D12
or D7 - D9
Other
D1 -
Other
Transparent
transmission
Mode 1
Huawei Using bytes of D4 - D12.
Setting DCC bytes of D4 - D12 on Sites
A and D.
Using bytes of D1 D3.
Other
vendors
1. Not using bytes of D4 D12 in the
NE.
2. Setting a DCC channel in the
network, for example, setting D bytes
on nodes B and C of the SDH Ring2
and providing bytes of D4 D12 for
Huaweis equipment to communicate.
Note
OptiX
D1 - D3, D4 - D12
or D7 - D9
D1 -
Mode 2
No need of modification.
1. Confirming whether to provide DCC
byte translation function, that is,
translating the accessed bytes of D1
D3 into bytes of D4 D12.
2. If supported, setting a DCC channel
through the byte translation function.
For E bytes used in the order wire, there are still problems of separation by other
vendors' equipment. Huaweis equipment can transfer the information borne by
E1 bytes to D11 bytes and the information borne by E2 bytes to D12 bytes, and
span other vendors' equipment, and then transfer E bytes into Huaweis
equipment at the other end.
Figure 15 Technical solution: NM transmission via DCC (Huawei as end equipment)
____________________________________________________________________________
Page _25
Huaweis equipment transparently transmits other vendorss DCC management

information
D4 - D12
D4 - D12
D4 - D12
D1 - D3
Other
OptiX
Transparent
transmissionOptiX
D1 - D3, E1and E2
D1 - D3
D1 - D3
D1 - D3, E1 and E2
D1 - D3 D7 - D9,
E1 D11 and E2 D12
Mode 1
Huawei
Other
D1 - D3
Mode 2
Using bytes of D4 D12 to bear their

own communication information.
Setting DCC bytes of D4 D12 on Sites No need of configuration.
A and D.

Other
vendors Setting a DCC channel in the network, Mapping bytes of D1 D3 of other
for example, setting D bytes on nodes
B and C of the SDH Ring and
transparently transmitting bytes of D4
D12 for other vendors equipment to
communicate.
vendors' equipment to bytes of D7 D9

for spanning the network composed by
Huaweis equipment, translating bytes of
D7 D9 to D1 D3 on node C at the
other end, and then transferring bytes to
other vendors' equipment to implement
the transparent transmission.
Figure 16 Technical solution: NM data transmission via DCC (Huawei as Gateway)
Other vendors equipment transparently transmits management information of

Huaweis equipment through the use of 2 M service channels
Other
OptiX
Other
2M
2M
D1 - D3
OptiX
2 M service
channel
D1 - D3
Figure 17 Use of 2M service channel (Huawei as end equipment)
In this solution, Huaweis equipment maps information of D bytes to 2 M service

channel for transparent transmission in the other vendors networks, and extracts it
from 2 M signals at the opposite end.
E bytes used in the order wire are compliant with the DCC transparent transmission
mode.
____________________________________________________________________________
Page _26
Huaweis equipment transparently transmits management information of

other vendors equipment through the use of 2 M service channels
2 M service
channel
Other
vendors EMS
Other vendors SDH

Other vendors SDH
Huawei s SDH
Extracting DCC
information from 2 M
service channel to the
SCC for processing
Mapping DCC
information to E1
Figure 18 use of 2M service channel (Huawei as Gateway)
In this solution, Huaweis equipment maps information of D bytes to 2 M service

channel for transparent transmission in Huaweis networks, and extracts it from 2 M
signals at the peer end.
This solution does not support E bytes transparent transmission of other vendors
equipment used in the order wire, but can be compliant with the DCC transparent
transmission mode.
4.2. Interworking Solution at the Network Layer: IP over DCC, OSI

over DCC
The internetworking in multi-vendor equipments can also be achieved among the
Network layer, by defining an IP service over the Data Communication Channel DCC to
carry this management information, or using packets in the OSI over the DCC channel.
This solution has several advantages and disadvantages to be used:
Advantages
1. No need of additional DCN channel.
2. Different applicable situations: not constrained by the complicated networking, but
more flexible to provide multiple channels.
3. The network layer does not depend on the implementation mode of the physical
layer, because there is no standard for processing the physical channels and products
developed by multiple vendors have worse consistency, but the protocol is a standard
specification for the convenience of interworking.
4. Supporting auto-reroute to implement the protection of management information
channel.
5. Also supporting the standard tools, such as FTP and Telnet, to operate the NE
directly (Huawei equipment has supported using TL1 command to operate the SONET
products through the Telnet).
____________________________________________________________________________
Page _27
Disadvantages
1. Having a high requirement for the passed-by equipment and supporting the same
protocol at the network layer necessarily.
2. When interconnecting the equipment from different vendors, the link layer
protocols should be implemented in the same way and interconnection should be
successfully completed
This is for IP over DCC:
DCN based on IP or OSI

Private
protocol or
standard
IP or OSI
standard protocol
(IP/TP4)
Huawei
EMS
Huawei
Other
Figure 19 Technical solution: DCN based on IP or OSI
To sum up; we can say that the interworking solution at network layer can
meet two requirements, either to have Huawei equipment as gateway to transport
other vendors data, or to stand for destination point, passed through other
vendors gateway as follows :
In the following case, Huaweis equipment transparently transmits
management information of other vendors equipment through sharing the
network layer protocol.
Internal DCN
protocol / standard
protocol(IP/TP4)
IP or OSI
protocol
Other
Transparent
transmission of
OSI/IP protocol
IP or OSI
protocol
Huawei
Internal DCN
protocol /
standard
protocol(IP/TP4)
Other
Figure 20 IP over DCC (Huawei as Gateway)
Below, other vendors equipment transparently transmits management information

of Huaweis equipment through sharing the network layer protocol
Internal DCN
protocol / standard
protocol(IP/TP4)
Huawei
IP or OSI
protocol
Supporting the
standard transparent
transmission of OSI/IP
protocol
IP or OSI
protocol
Internal DCN
protocol / standard
protocol(IP/TP4)
Other
Huawei
Figure 21 IP over DCC (Huawei as end equipment)
____________________________________________________________________________
Page _28
5. Achievements
5.1. Some professional aspects
In order to deal with the overall project, several administrative steps must be
followed since the beginning, thus, to be able to carry the full project management
lifecycle.
The product/project manager should be able to deal with all this administrative
stuff inside the company, to prepare the output documents either for the technical
or the financial department.
Technical documents: Network diagrams with all the technical details,
configuration files, detailed network components and related settings (optical
power budget, addressing and labeling data)
Financial documents: Quotations, bills of quantities, purchase orders,
commercial invoices, list prices, etc
It is clear that different elements and components play important roles in the
project lifecycle, and may even drive straight to its success or failure, namely:
Project team behavior and working attitude
Respect of the project deadlines
Relationship between the project parties and/or partners
Work efficiency
Product quality

By the way, other unpredictable circumstances either internal or external ones
do have important impacts on the companys activity in general or on the project
process in particular, such as:
Natural disasters (Earthquake, volcano, inundation)
Accidents
Government decisions and/or facts
Customer decisions and/or facts
Partner decisions and/or facts
Facts happening inside company, staff-related facts
Facts happening in the company environment
5.2. Validation of Master studies

In order to finish my course of master degree, four months of project work
should be validated by taking part or achieving some project in a company or a
research laboratory that are involved in the computers or telecommunications field.
During my project work period, I took part in the study and design of the WDM
backbone of a telecom operator network, from one side, and I supported a
technical solution for SDH/NGSDH optical network integrating transmission
equipments in a multi-vendor environment from the other side. To do so, I was
assigned to be a product team member within the optical networking department
of the leading vendor in telecommunications Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
____________________________________________________________________________
Page _29
This project involvement gave me the possibility to apply the acquired

background on the optical networks that has been largely enriched by the courses
of the IMCNE master especially on the DWDM optical networking- in an industrial
and professional context, which brought me up with more skills and abilities.
5.3. Further opportunity within Huawei

As mentioned in the beginning of this document, I already worked in Huawei in
the optical networking department; it was even one of the reasons that pushed me
some more towards this master course International Master in Communication
Networks Engineering in the School of Advanced Studies SantAnna in Pisa.
Given that I am already a trained and certified Huawei Optical networking
product manager, I was directly assigned as a product member for these project
teams notably the Metro WDM network one and the SDH technical solution one
during my Stage period for the master.
The Huawei top management also offered me the possibility to get along with
them for the same project, and eventually further ones.
____________________________________________________________________________
Page _30
6. Conclusion
The first thing to mention is that, in this context, Science and Technology are
strongly linked to each other: no Technology without Science, and no Science
without Technology: that is, they both contribute efficiently in the development of
each other.
The research and development is a key sector in the technology field in general,
and in the telecommunication industry in particular: their main task is to integrate
science and technology in the industry to achieve better results, products and
technological solutions.
I realized that this master course was very instructive for my background at
both levels: scientific and professional. Besides, the master included a
management course which gave me a wide idea on the enterprise life, the
marketing and the innovation concepts in the business life.
This latter allowed me to reshape my vision towards the technological industry
to be able to follow its rapid development, and also to have a further professional
carrier with a deeper knowledge either from the technological point of view or the
entrepreneurship point of view.
Telecommunication sector is one of the current key industries of the century: it
is the need for communication and to exchange information and messages, which
is the same fact that was behind all this success. The humanity has invested a lot
in the development of this field and people made all the possible to go beyond the
usual obstacles of communication such as time, distance, language, obviousness,
data volume, complexity, etc.
Actually, the telecommunication that is born in the previous centuries, can be
considered as quite mature nowadays, with all its ramifications, going from fixed to
mobile, from voice to data, from copper wire to optical fiber, and from the first to
the last mile.
I took the optical networks engineering as specialization, the OTN stands for
the basis for every single telecommunication link at all levels, by offing the highest
capacities, bit rates, speeds and efficiency.
With Huawei technologies, I had the opportunity of taking part of the product
team on a very big WDM optical transmission project for one of the biggest
operators in Europe, which brought me back with more professionalism and
experience.
This master allowed me not only to make some related concepts clearer for me,
but also to give me further technical and scientific background on the other
telecommunication concepts.
____________________________________________________________________________
Page _31

DWDM and SDH Optical Network Design

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DWDM and SDH Optical Network Design

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School of advanced studies

SantAnna - Pisa - Italy

University of Tunis - Tunisia

SDH and DWDM Optical Network Design

By: Tarek Belghith

Power and PMD Budget............................................................................... 19

Station type and capacity ............................................................................ 20

Physical layer ............................................................................................. 24

Application layer ......................................................................................... 24

1 Huawei OptiX product range.................................................................. 10

I dedicate this master degree to thank:

A leading worldwide telecommunication product and solution provider, established

Approved Global UMTS supplier of Vodafone in Italy and Spain, including

Preferred Supplier of British Telecom 21st Century Network since 2005,

Global cooperation with Telefonica on Mobile and Fixed/Broadband, and

1.2. University presentation

1.3. Master and Convention

1.4. Project work

2. Scope of the work

State of the Art

Huawei Technologies: some success in Italy

include British Telecom, where Huawei is a preferred

Presentation of some Huawei NG optical products

2.4.1. OptiX BWS 1600G

Increasing the system capacity,

2.4.2. OptiX OSN Series for NG-SDH Networks

Figure 1 Huawei OptiX product range

Besides, with the development of broadband and video services, network

3. OPERATOR-X related tasks

Figure 2 OPERATOR-X Requirements

3.2. DWDM network design

3.2.3.2. OADM: Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer

3.2.3.3. OLA: Optical Line Amplifier

3.2.3.4. REG: REGenerator

OTM : Optical Terminal Multiplexer (40 s)

OSC : Optical Supervisory Channel

Figure 7 DWDM System Overview

3.2.4. OMS concept: Optical Multiplexing Section

OAS: Optical Amplifier Span

Network Solution for OPERATOR-X project

Power and PMD Budget

Maximum Loss per Connector

Connectors for Each Span

Middle Joint Connection Loss

1.5dB for A1,A2,A3,A4,A5,A6

PMD Coefficient of Fiber

Station type and capacity

800G system, 50GHZ spacing

80 channels for each direction

ROADM node, at least 40 channels

Can be treating as REG node or OLA node.

Can only be OLA node, equipments should

3.3.3. System signal flow:

Figure 9 Solution Architecture: OTM (Type A)

OTM - Type B & C (1 Direction)

Figure 10 Solution Architecture: OTM (Type B&C)

ROADM - Type D (Support 80 Channels)

Figure 11 Solution Architecture: OTM (Type D)

OLA - Type E and F (Support 80 Channels)

3.3.4. Network structure diagram

Figure 13 Solution Architecture: Network diagram

3.3.5. Network configuration diagram

Figure 14 Solution Architecture: Network configuration

4. OPERATOR-Y project tasks