The Three States of Matter

Solid, Liquid and Gas

By: Kimberly Berry and

Cortney DuBois

Objectives:
1.

Based on data gathered from investigations, identify and describe the changes that occur
to the observable properties of materials when different degrees of heat is applied to them,
such as melting chocolate pieces, and/or boiling an egg.

2.

Observe and describe the changes cooling causes to the observable properties of
materials when they are cooled, such as freezing water in a straw, and milk in an ice
cream maker.

3.

Cite examples of similar changes that heating and cooling have on the observable
properties of various other materials.

Lets test your knowledge!

To test your knowledge you will be answering questions about the states of
matter.
For this pre-assessment, we will read the questions aloud and individually you
will answer the questions with a clicker.
Dont worry its not graded!

Question 1:

Water a liquid?
A. True

B. False

Question 2:

A binder a solid?
A. True

B. False

Question 3:

What is air?
A. Solid

B. Liquid

C. Gas

Question 4:

What is milk?
A. Solid

B. Liquid

C. Gas

Question 5:

What is a desk?
A. Solid

B. Liquid

C. Gas

Question 6:

What does a balloon contain?

A. Solid

B. Liquid

C. Gas

Question 7:

What is one way you can change the shape of ice?

A. Melt

B. Freeze

C. Burn

Question 8:

What object will always keep its shape?

A. A puddle

B. A Can

C. A piece of Bread

Question 9:

If hot chocolate and glue were poured, at the same time, into a mixing bowl
which one would empty first?
A. Hot Chocolate

B. Glue

Question 10:

Is fire and sunshine a:

A. Solid

B. Liquid

C. Gas

Question 11:

Can water be a solid or a liquid?

A. Only a solid

B. Only a liquid

C. Both a solid and liquid

What is a solid?
A cup of ice and a straw will be passed around!
What do you notice?
Are they a solid? Why?
Lets brainstorm together what we think makes something a solid.
Do you know any other examples of solids?

Solids Revealed!
A solid is
A solid is a substance that holds it shape. The atoms or small pieces of matter
that make up a solid are held tightly together so that they are unable to move
around much.

Definition from:

(http://www.chem4kids.com/files/matter_solid.html)

What is a liquid?
Do you know any liquids? What are some examples?
A water bottle will be passed around to help determine what is a liquid?
What makes up a liquid? How can we tell if something is a liquid?

Liquid Definition:
A liquid is.
Liquids are the state between gases and solids! Liquids are substances that flow
and will fill the shape of any container they are in. Liquid particles or atoms like to
stick together which is why liquid flows and usually cannot be cut, but liquid can flow
because the atoms are not as close together as in a solid.

Definition from: (http://www.chem4kids.com/files/matter_solid.html)

What is a gas?

First, lets look at a balloon!

Lets brainstorm some examples of gases
What is a gas made up of?
What do you think it means?

Gas Revealed!
A gas is
Gases are made up of fast moving particles that spread very far out and move
randomly. A gas will fill a container completely. It bounces off the sides of the
container and does not stay still like liquids or solids.

Definition from: (http://www.chem4kids.com/files/matter_solid.html)

Lets Practice!

Hold your hands in front of you and fold your hands together. They stay tightly
together just like the particles in a solid.
Hold your hands separately in front of you.

Now wave your fingers slowly.

Your fingers are flowing just like liquids!

Wave your fingers a little faster now and move your hands around.

Your hands and fingers are moving all around just like gases do!

How do the states of matter work together?

First, we will look at a SOLID!

Are our hands full of heat or coldness?

Hold a piece of ice in your hand
What happens?
Does this happen to all solids?

If heat is applied to some solids, they will melt and become liquids! Therefore, some
solids can turn into liquids.

How do states of matter work together?

But can a liquid turn into a gas?
How do gases form?
Lets watch this video to find out!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X6kIUTOsCpI&nohtml5=False

From this video, we learned that if liquids are heated they become gases!

If we cool gases they become liquids and if we cool liquids they become solids!

Can states of matter work backwards?

YES!
States of matter can work forwards or backwards in the order of:
Solid--->Liquid--->Gas!
Remember, the states of matter can be a cycle but it doesnt have to.
Example, if a person wants to make steam as the final stage, what is the process?
Just heat a liquid and steam will be produced!

Activity!
Remember!!!
Solid--->Liquid--->Gas--->Solid!
ICE!--->WATER--->STEAM--->ICE!

http://www.learn4yourlife.com/energy-for-kids.html

Word Bank!

Cue Cards:

As a class, each student will receive a green or red popsicle stick to answer the
questions.
The teacher will read the questions aloud before students responds
individually.

Red or Green?

All solids have a set shape?

Do gases have a set shape?

Red or Green?

1.

To change the state of glue to be more liquidity, we would have to freeze it?
2.
3.

To make orange juice popsicles, we would have to melt it?

To change the state of water to a gas, we would have to heat it?

Red or Green?
Is state of matter being used correctly?
Brian needed to make some hard boiled eggs. He took ice cubes out of the
freezer, and put them in a pot to melt. The ice cubes melted and became water. Then
Brian put the eggs in the water and put the pot on the stove to heat so the eggs will
cook.

Red or Green?
Is this state of matter being used correctly?
The Robinsons had hamburgers for dinner last night. However, there were four
hamburgers left, so they decided to put it in the freezer. Would the hamburgers be a
liquid when they ate them next week?

Phet Lab!

We will complete a phet lab together so we can visually see a substance go through
all three stages and how temperature causes those three stages to occur!
https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/legacy/states-of-matter-basics

Homework!

Please review the phet lab at home to recap on what we discussed today!
Play a Matter game located at http://www.sciencekids.co.
nz/gamesactivities/gases.html.

There are two parts.

Attempt to freeze your own water at home! Monitor it frequently so you can
write a detailed paragraph explaining your observation along with a drawing of
the freezing.