Yesenia Madrigal

April 7, 2015
ENG 487
Project 2 Morphology
California was originally settled by fragments of many North American cultural groups. Each
adjusted to sharply different climates and resources and thus developed distinctive local and
regional cultures. Natural barriers, the difficulty of travel, and limited contact with outside
cultures reinforced these local differences. By the onset of European colonization, Native
California had divided and subdivided into many small, independent groups. More than one
hundred different tribes had emerged, each with distinctive economies, technology, arts,
religion, and social systems. Native peoples spoke between sixty-four and eighty different
languages deriving from five of the major North American language families. Although Native
California used most of the language stocks spoken throughout the continent, hundreds of local
dialects made them virtually unintelligible to others, even those speaking the same basic
language. (128 words) The Elusive Eden: A New History of California
originally= original
American= America
sharply= sharp
different= differ
distinctive= distinct
regional= region
Natural= nature
difficulty= difficult

limited= limit
independent= dependent
subdivided= divide
social= society
colonization= colony
virtually= virtual
unintelligible= intelligent
European= Europe

Content Words
California
originally
settled
fragments
American
cultural
groups
adjusted
sharply
different
climates
resources
more
had
economies
religion

thus
developed
distinctive
local
regional
cultures
natural
barriers
difficulty
travel
limited
contact
tribes
emerged
technology
social

outside
reinforced
differences
onset
European
colonization
native
divided
subdivided
many
small
independent
one hundred
each
arts
systems

cultural= culture

Function Words
was into
by
of
many
North
each
to
and
the
with
these
than
between
from
although
throughout

peoples
spoke
eighty
languages
five
major
families
used
stocks
same
spoken
even
continent
those
hundreds
speaking
dialects
basic
made
Europe
them
virtually
unintelligible
others

sixty-four
deriving
language
most

Compound
sixty-four
throughout
outside
onset
into

originally
American
groups
sharply
climates
developed
regional
natural
difficulty
natural
difficulty
reinforced
European
divided
independent
emerged
social
peoples
languages
families
stocks
hundreds
virtually
unintelligible

Complex
settled
cultural
adjusted
different
resources
distinctive
cultures
barriers
limited
dialects
fragments
differences
colonization
subdivided
tribes
systems
different
deriving
used
spoken
others
speaking

Complex:
groups
climates
developed
reinforced
divided
emerged
peoples
languages
families
stocks
hundreds
others
speaking
settled
adjusted
resources
cultures

Stem
Original (Adj)
America (N)
Sharp (Adj)
Region (N)
Nature (N)
Difficult (Adj)
Europe (N)
Depend (V)
Society (N)
Virtual (Adj)
Intelligent (Adj)
Culture (N)
Differ (V)
Distinct (Adj)
Colony (N)
Divide (N)

Inflectional
barriers
limited
fragments
differences
tribes
systems
deriving
used
dialects
spoken

Derivational
originally
American
sharply
regional
natural
difficulty
European
independent
social
virtually
unintelligible
cultural
different
distinctive
colonization
subdivided

Derivation
Originally (Adv)
American (Adj)
Sharply (Adv)
Regional (Adj)
Natural (Adj)
Difficulty (N)
European (Adj)
Independent (Adj)
Social (Adj)
Virtually (Adv)
Unintelligible (Adj)meaning not intelligent
Cultural (Adj)
Different (Adj)
Distinctive (Adj)meaning serving to distinguish
Colonization (V)
Subdivided (N) meaning to divide into smaller parts

Word
originally

Origin
Latin

Root
Affix
originalis (existing
-ly= adverb making
at/marking beginning) suffix

fragments

Latin

frangere (to break)

different

Latin

differre (to set apart)

resource
distinct

Latin
Latin

family

Latin

local

Latin

regional

Latin

natural

Latin

difficulty

Latin

surgere (to rise)

distinguere (to
separate between,
keep separate, mark
off)
famulus (an assistant
or servant, a
household servant)
locus (a place, spot,
position; where
something is placed)
regionalis (of or
belonging to a region
or province)
naturalis (by birth,
according to nature)
difficilis
(dis-=not, away from
facilis= easy)

limited

Latin

contact

Latin

European

Greek

colonization

Latin

native

Latin

divided

Latin

limes (a boundary,
limit, border)
contingere
(con=together with,
tangere= to touch)
Europaios (from
Europe)
colonia (settled land,
farm, landed estate)
nativus (innate,
produced by birth)
divider (to force
apart)

-s= plural making

suffix
-ent= adjective
making suffix
re-=again

-ly=noun making
suffix
-al= of the kind of,
pertaining to
-al= of the kind of,
pertaining to
-al= of the kind of,
pertaining to
-y=characterized by or
inclined to

-ed= adjective making

suffix

-ean= adjective
making suffix
-ization= suffix
forming nouns of
action
-ive= adjective making
suffix
-ed= siffix forming
past tense verbs

subdivided

Latin

tribes

Latin

emerged

Latin

economies

Greek

technology

Greek

art

Latin

religion

Latin

social

Latin

system

Greek

languages

Latin

deriving

Latin

used

Latin

continent

Latin

dialects

Greek

subdividere
(sub=resulting from
further division,
divider= to force
apart)
tribus (each of the
three divisions of the
Roman people)
emergere (bring
forth, bring to light)
oikonomia
(household
management)
tekhnologia
(systematic treatment
of an art, craft, or
technique)
artem (skill, craft,
craftsmanship)
religionem (respect
for what is sacred,
reverence for the
gods)
socialis (of
companionship, of
allies)
systema (organized
whole, a whole
compounded of parts)
lingua (tongue,
speech, language)
derivare (to lead or
draw off from its
source)
uti (make use of,
profit by, take
advantage of)
continentem (holding
together, continuous)
dialektos (talk,
conversation, speech)

-ed= suffix forming

past tense verbs

-s= plural making

suffix
-ed= suffix forming
past tense verbs
-es= plural making
suffix

-s= plural making

suffix
-ing= suffix that
expresses the action
of the verb
-ed= suffix forming
past tense verbs

-s= plural making

suffix

locomobile
locomobility
allocate
allocated
allocating

relocate
relocated
relocating
relocation

dislocate
dislocated
dislocating
dislocation

locus
locolus

Word Root
loc

location
locate
locative

locomote
locomotion
locomotive
locomotor
locale
local
locality

Prefix
re- =again or again and again
al- = toward
dis- =apart or away

Root
loc= place
loc=place
loc=place

Word
relocate
allocate
dislocate