Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Design Philosophy:-
The design of 1V-- 4.37m right span culvert is carried as per the procedure out lined
below:Step1:The design discharge was fixed after arriving discharge based on the following methods:a.As per the hydraulic particulars furnished by the Irrigation department
b.By Area-Velocity method using Manning's equation for arriving at the flow velocity
and area by considering actual cross-section of the channel.
Step2:a.Hydraulic particulars like HFL,OFL are obtained from Irrigation department.
b.Bottom of deck level was fixed based on HFL and road formation levels on both sides.
The vertical clearence and afflux are verified.
c.Ventway calculations are done for fixation of ventway.
d.Normal scour depth with reference to HFL was calculated using Lacey's equations
e.After arriving at the Maximum scour depth,bottom level of the foundation was fixed
below the maximum scour depth
Step3:After arriving at bottom of deck level,bottom of foundation level and required
ventway,the dimensions of the bridge are finalised.
The structural components are desined in the following manner:a.As per the recommendations of IRC 6:2000,IRC class A live load required for bridges
and culverts of medium importance is selected.
b.Load combination is selected as per IRC 6:2000
c.Based on the trial pit particulars and soil test reports,type of foundation was selected.
d.The structural components like Abutment,raft foundation are
designed as per the guide lines given in relevent IRC codes.
e.The deck slab is proposed as per the MOST drawing Nos.BD 1-74&BD 2-74
f.The dirt wall is proposed as per the drawings given in Plate No.7.25 of
IRC:SP20-2002(Rural roads manual)
Design of Abutments
I)Design Parameters:Clear Right Span
4.00m
4.740m
5.50m
0.395m
0.075m
Height of railing
1.200m
0.30m
0.330sqm
0.40m
Height of abutments
1.650m
0.690m
1.20m
1.559sqm
0.510m
0.000m
1.50m
0.30m
0.15m
0.15m
1.65m
0.30m
0.30m
0.15m
0.00m
0.00m
0.00m
0.00m
6.75m
0.40m
Type of bearings
No bearings proposed
25KN/cum
24KN/cum
18KN/Cum
10KN/Cum
30
72.86
15
1.20m
2.605m
0.785m
=
=
1.705m
-0.815m
6.50t/sqm
25.00N/sqmm
415.00N/sqmm
Cover to reinforcement
50.00mm
II)General loading pattern:As per IRC:6---2000,the following loadings are to be considered on the bridge or slab
culvert:1.Dead load
2.Live load
3.Impact load
4.Wind load
5.Water current
6.Tractive,braking effort of vehicles&frictional resistance of bearings
7.Buoyancy
8.Earth pressure
9.Seismic force
10.Water pressure force
As per clause 202.3,the increase in permissible stresses is not permissible for the
above loading combination.
III)Loading on the slab culvert for design of abutments:1.Dead Load:i)Self wieght of the deck slab =
128.72KN
45.38KN
24.44KN
198.54KN
There is no need to consider snow load as per the climatic conditions
Self wieght of the abutments upto bottom most footing based on the preliminary
section assumed:iv)Self wieght of the abutment section =
205.79KN
59.40KN
65.34KN
0.00KN
0.00KN
330.53KN
W1
W1
S.No
Description Load in KN
Back
batter(W1)
55.539
0.86
Centre
portion(W2)
150.282
0.345
Front
batter(W3)
205.821
Location of resultant from toe of abutment =
0.48m
0.120m
x)Calculation of eccentricity of self weight of abutment&1st footing w.r.t bottom of 1st footing
S.No
Description Load in KN
Back batter
55.539
1.01
Centre portion
150.282
0.495
Front batter
1st footing
59.40KN
0.75
265.221
Location of resultant from toe of abutment =
0.66m
0.090m
xi)Calculation of eccentricity of self weight of abutment,1st&2nd footings w.r.t bottom of 2nd footing
S.No
Description Load in KN
Back batter
55.539
1.16
Centre portion
150.282
0.645
Front batter
0.3
1st footing
59.40KN
0.900
2nd footing
65.34KN
0.825
330.561
Location of resultant from toe of abutment =
0.81m
Eccentricity =
0.015m
xii)Calculation of eccentricity of self weight of abutment,1st&2nd footings w.r.t bottom of 3rd footing
S.No
1
2
3
4
5
6
Description Load in KN
Back batter
Centre portion
Front batter
1st footing
2nd footing
3rd footing
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1.16
0.645
0.3
0.60
0.53
0.00
0.00m
Eccentricity =
0.000m
2.Live Load:As per clause 201.1 of IRC:6--2000,the bridges and culverts of medium importance
6.8t
6.8t
3.00
3.00
6.8t
11.4t
3.00
6.8t
4.30
1.20
11.4t
3.20
2.7t
1.80
2.7t
1.10
The IRC Class A loading as per the drawing is severe and the same is to be considered as per
clauses 207.1.3&207.4
Y
475
11.4t
11.4t
4000
5380
Portion to be loaded
with 5KN/m live
load
2.7t
605
5500
2925
3525
The ground contact area of wheels for the above placement,each axle wise is
given below:Axle load
(Tonnes)
11.4
6.8
2.7
W(mm)
250
200
150
500
380
200
Assuming 0.475m allowance for guide posts/kerbs and the clear distance of vehicle from
the edge of guide post being 0.15m as per clause 207.1,the value of 'f' shown in the figure will
be 0.625m
0.625m
3.525m
4.15m
The total live load on the deck slab composes the following components:1.Wheel loads----Point loads
Resultant live load:Eccentricity of live load w.r.t y-direction(Along the direction of travel of vehicles)
Taking moments of all the forces w.r.t y-axis
S.No
Wheel
Load/UDL in
KN
57
0.875m
57
0.875m
57
2.675m
57
2.675m
13.5
0.875m
13.5
2.675m
14.8125
0.313m
83.5425
4.688m
353.355
Distance of centroid of forces from y-axis
= 2.402m
Eccentricity =
0.823m
Eccentricity of live load w.r.t x-direction(At right angle to the travel of vehicles)
Taking moments of all the forces w.r.t x-axis
S.No
Load in KN
57
5.005m
57
5.005m
57
3.805m
57
3.805m
13.5
0.605m
13.5
0.605m
14.81KN
2.690m
83.54KN
2.690m
353.355
Distance of centroid of forces from x-axis
= 3.637m
Eccentricity =
0.947m
Location of Resultant
2402
3637
X
Calculation of reactions on abutments:-
238.88KN
114.48KN
238.88KN
238.88KN
Assuming that the live load reaction acts at the centre of the contact area on the abutment,
300
205
300
415
415
340
The eccentricty of the line of action of live load at bottom of abutment =
0.415m
0.415m
0.340m
The eccentricity in the other direction need not be considered due to high section modulus in transverse
direction.
3.Impact of vehicles:As per Clause 211 of IRC:6--2000,impact allowance shall be made by an increment
of live load by a factor 4.5/(6+L)
Hence,the factor is
0.419
Further as per clause 211.7 of IRC:6--2000,the above impact factor shall be only
50% for calculation of pressure on piers and abutments just below the level of bed block.There
is no need to increase the live load below 3m depth.
As such,the impact allowance for the top 3m of abutments will be
1.82m
The Wind pressure acting on deck system located at that height is considered for design.
As per clause 212.3 and from Table .4 of IRC:6---2000,the wind pressure at that
hieght is=
59.48 Kg/m2.
Height of the deck system =
Breadth of the deck system =
1.670
5.34
The location of the wind force from the top of RCC raft footing =
5.Water current force:Water pressure considered on square ended abutments as per clause 213.2 of
IRC:6---2000 is
P = 52KV2 =
17.94 Kg/m2.
0.33KN
Point of action of water current force from the top of RCC raft footing =
6.Tractive,braking effort of vehicles&frictional resistance of bearings:The breaking effect of vehicles shall be 20% of live load acting in longitudinal
direction at 1.2m above road surface as per the clause 214.2 of IRC:6--2000.
The location of the tractive force from the top of RCC raft footing =
7.Buoyancy :As per clause 216.4 of IRC:6---2000,for abutments or piers of shallow depth,the
dead weight of the abutment shall be reduced by wieght of equal volume of water upto HFL.
The above reduction in self wieght will be considered assuming that the back fill
behind the abutment is scoured.
For the preliminary section assumed,the volume of abutment section is
8.57Cum
2.48Cum
2.72Cum
0.00Cum
0.00Cum
13.77Cum
137.72KN
8.Earth pressure :As per clause 217.1 of IRC:6---2000,the abutments are to be designed for a
surcharge equivalent to a back fill of hieght 1.20m behind the abutment.
The coefficient of active earth pressure exerted by the cohesion less back fill on
the abutment as per the Coulomb's theory is given by
'2
Ka =
Sin(a+Q)
sina
sin(a-q)
sin(Q+q)sin(Q-b)
sin(a+b)
Sin(a+Q) =
Sin(a-q) =
Sina =
Sin(Q+q) =
Sin(Q-b) =
Sin(a+b) =
SIN[3.14*(72.86+30)/180] =
SIN[3.14*(72.86-15)/180] =
SIN[3.14*(72.86)/180] =
SIN[3.14*(30+15)/180] =
SIN[3.14*(30-0)/180] =
SIN[3.14*(72.86+0)/180] =
0.975
0.846
0.955
0.707
0.5
0.955
0.45
The hieght of abutment above GL,as per the preliminary section assumed =
Hence,maximum pressure at the base of the wall
The pressure distribution along the height of the wall is as given below:-
Pa =
Surcharge load =
9.72 KN/sqm
9.72
1.650
13.37
9.72
16.04
11.03
27.07
Description
Area
Rectangular
Triangular
16.04
11.03
27.07
13.233
6.0665
19.2995
0.71m
0.70
32.14
1.650m
0.71m
72.86
1.20
0.22
Total earth pressure acting on the abutment P =
148.88KN
10.Water pressure force:The water pressure distribution on the abutment is as given below:-
HFL 1.705m
2.52
BFL -0.815m
25.20kn/sqm
174.64KN
0.84m
a)Load Envelope-I:-(The Canal is dry,back fill scoured with live load on span)
i)On top of RCC raft
The following co-ordinates are assumed:a)x-Direction-----At right angle to the movement of vehicles
b)y-Direction-----In the direction of movement of vehicles
Vertical forces acting on the abutment (P) composes of the following components
S.No
Type of load
198.54KN
-0.340
330.56KN
0.015
338.96KN
-0.340
Impact load
0.00
0.00
868.07
Horizontal forces acting/transferred on the abutment (H) composes of the following components
S.No
Type of load
Intensity in KN Direction x or y
Wind load
16.50KN
x-Direction
35.34KN
y-Direction
0.33KN
x-Direction
6.45m
1.65m
10.6425 m2
(1/6)bd2 =
2.93 m3
For M20 grade of concrete permissible compressive stress in direct compreession is 5N/mm 2
i.e, 5000KN/sqm
For M20 grade of concrete permissible tensile stress in bending tension is -2.8N/mm 2
i.e, -2800KN/sqm
S.No
1
2
3
4
5
Type of load
S.No
1
2
3
4
5
Intensity in KN Eccentricity/Lever
(P)
arm
Type of load
-0.340
0.015
-0.340
0.000
35.34KN
4.22
Intensity in KN Eccentricity
(P)
Stress at heel =
198.54KN
330.56KN
338.96KN
0.00KN
P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z =
198.54KN
330.56KN
338.96KN
0.00KN
0.340
-0.015
0.340
0.000
35.34KN
4.22
15.08 KN/Sqm>-2800KN/sqm.
Hence safe.
Stress at toe =
P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z =
148.06 KN/Sqm<5000KN/sqm
Hence safe.
1.65m
6.45m
10.6425 m2
(1/6)bd2 =
11.44 m3
For M20 grade of concrete permissible compressive stress in direct compreession is 4N/mm 2
i.e, 5000KN/sqm
For M20 grade of concrete permissible tensile stress in bending tension is -2.8N/mm 2
i.e, -2800KN/sqm
S.No
1
2
3
4
5
6
Type of load
S.No
1
2
3
4
5
6
Intensity in KN Eccentricity/Lever
(P)
arm
Type of load
0.00
0.00
0.000
0.00
16.50KN
0.33KN
4.52
3.02
Intensity in KN Eccentricity/Lever
(P)
arm
198.54KN
330.56KN
338.96KN
0.00KN
P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z =
198.54KN
330.56KN
338.96KN
0.00KN
0.00
0.00
0.000
0.00
16.50KN
0.33KN
4.52
3.02
74.96 KN/Sqm>-2800KN/sqm.
Hence safe.
Stress at down stream side
edge =
P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z =
Hence safe.
88.18 KN/Sqm<5000KN/sqm
Type of load
198.54KN
-0.340
265.22KN
0.090
338.96KN
-0.340
Impact load
0.00
0.000
Horizontal load acting/transferred on the abutment (H) composes of the following components
S.No
Type of load
Intensity in KN Direction x or y
Wind load
16.50KN
x-Direction
35.34KN
y-Direction
0.33KN
x-Direction
6.45m
1.50m
9.675 m2
(1/6)bd2 =
2.42 m3
For M20 grade of concrete permissible compressive stress in direct compreession is 5N/mm 2
i.e, 5000KN/sqm
For M20 grade of concrete permissible tensile stress in bending tension is -2.8N/mm 2
i.e, -2800KN/sqm
S.No
Type of load
Intensity in KN Eccentricity/Lever
(P)
arm
1
2
3
4
5
S.No
1
2
3
4
5
Type of load
-0.34
0.09
-0.34
0.00
35.34KN
3.92
Intensity in KN Eccentricity
(P)
Stress at heel =
198.54KN
265.22KN
338.96KN
0.00KN
P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z =
198.54KN
265.22KN
338.96KN
0.00KN
0.34
-0.09
0.34
0.00
35.34KN
3.92
9.65 KN/Sqm>-2800KN/sqm.
Hence safe.
Stress at toe =
P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z =
155.52 KN/Sqm<5000KN/sqm
Hence safe.
About y-axis:Breadth of 1st footing b =
Depth of 1st footing d =
Area of the footing = A =
Section modulus of base of abutment
about y-axis--Zy =
1.50m
6.45m
9.675 m2
(1/6)bd2 =
10.40 m3
For M20 grade of concrete permissible compressive stress in direct compreession is 5N/mm 2
i.e, 5000KN/sqm
For M20 grade of concrete permissible tensile stress in bending tension is -2N/mm 2
i.e, -2800KN/sqm
S.No
1
2
3
4
5
6
Type of load
S.No
1
2
3
4
5
6
Intensity in KN Eccentricity/Lever
(P)
arm
Type of load
0.00
0.00
0.000
0.00
16.50KN
0.33KN
4.22
2.72
Intensity in KN Eccentricity/Lever
(P)
arm
198.54KN
265.22KN
338.96KN
0.00KN
P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z =
198.54KN
265.22KN
338.96KN
0.00KN
0.00
0.00
0.000
0.00
16.50KN
0.33KN
4.22
2.72
76.19 KN/Sqm>-2800KN/sqm.
Hence safe.
Stress at down stream side
edge of abutment =
P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z =
89.75 KN/Sqm<5000KN/sqm
Hence safe.
i)On top of 1st footing
The following co-ordinates are assumed:a)x-Direction-----At right angle to the movement of vehicles
b)y-Direction-----In the direction of movement of vehicles
Vertical load acting on the abutment (P) composes of the following components
S.No
1
2
Type of load
-0.415
0.120
338.96KN
-0.415
Impact load
0.00
0.000
Horizontal load acting/transferred on the abutment (H) composes of the following components
S.No
1
2
3
Type of load
Intensity in KN Direction x or y
Wind load
Tractive,Braking&Frictional resistance of bearings
Water current force
16.50KN
35.34KN
0.33KN
x-Direction
y-Direction
x-Direction
6.45m
1.20m
7.74 m2
(1/6)bd2 =
1.55 m3
For M20 grade of concrete permissible compressive stress in direct compreession is 5N/mm 2
i.e, 5000KN/sqm
For M20 grade of concrete permissible tensile stress in bending tension is -2.8N/mm 2
i.e, -2800KN/sqm
S.No
1
2
3
4
5
S.No
1
2
Type of load
Type of load
Intensity in KN Eccentricity/Lever
(P)
arm
198.54KN
205.82KN
338.96KN
0.00KN
-0.415
0.120
-0.415
0.00
35.34KN
3.62
Intensity in KN Eccentricity
(P)
198.54KN
205.82KN
0.415
-0.120
3
4
5
Stress at heel =
P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z =
338.96KN
0.00KN
0.415
0.00
35.34KN
3.62
-10.92 KN/Sqm>-2800KN/sqm.
Hence safe.
Stress at toe =
P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z =
202.5 KN/Sqm<5000KN/sqm
Hence safe.
About y-axis:Breadth of abutment b =
Depth of abutment d =
Area of the footing = A =
Section modulus of base of abutment
about y-axis--Zy =
1.20m
6.45m
7.74 m2
(1/6)bd2 =
8.32 m3
For M20 grade of concrete permissible compressive stress in direct compreession is 5N/mm 2
i.e, 5000KN/sqm
For M20 grade of concrete permissible tensile stress in bending tension is -2.8N/mm 2
i.e, -2800KN/sqm
S.No
1
2
3
4
5
6
S.No
Type of load
Type of load
Intensity in KN Eccentricity/Lever
(P)
arm
198.54KN
205.82KN
338.96KN
0.00KN
0.00
0.00
0.000
0.00
16.50KN
0.33KN
3.92
2.42
Intensity in KN Eccentricity/Lever
(P)
arm
1
2
3
4
5
6
P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z =
198.54KN
205.82KN
338.96KN
0.00KN
0.00
0.00
0.000
0.00
16.50KN
0.33KN
3.92
2.42
88.16 KN/Sqm>-2800KN/sqm.
Hence safe.
Stress at down stream side
edge of abutment =
P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z =
103.9 KN/Sqm<5000KN/sqm
Hence safe.
b)Load Envelope-II:-(The Canal is full,back fill intact with no live load on span)
i)On top of RCC Raft footing
The following co-ordinates are assumed:a)x-Direction-----At right angle to the movement of vehicles
b)y-Direction-----In the direction of movement of vehicles
Vertical load acting on the abutment (P) composes of the following components
S.No
Type of load
198.54KN
-0.340
330.56KN
-137.72KN
192.84KN
0.015
79.17KN
0.380
Horizontal load acting/transferred on the abutment (H) composes of the following components
S.No
Type of load
Wind load
Intensity in KN Direction x or y
16.50KN
x-Direction
0.00KN
y-Direction
0.33KN
x-Direction
126.09KN
y-Direction
174.64KN
y-Direction
6.45m
1.65m
10.6425 m2
(1/6)bd2 =
2.93 m3
For M20 grade of concrete permissible compressive stress in direct compreession is 5N/mm 2
i.e, 5000KN/sqm
For M20 grade of concrete permissible tensile stress in bending tension is -2.8N/mm 2
i.e, -2800KN/sqm
S.No
1
2
3
4
5
Type of load
S.No
1
2
3
4
5
Type of load
Stress at heel =
P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z =
Intensity in KN Eccentricity/Lever
(P)
arm
198.54KN
192.84KN
79.17KN
-0.34
0.01
0.38
126.09KN
174.64KN
1.31
0.84
Intensity in KN Eccentricity
(P)
198.54KN
192.84KN
79.17KN
0.34
-0.01
-0.38
126.09KN
174.64KN
1.31
0.84
34.76 KN/Sqm>-2800KN/sqm.
Hence safe.
Stress at toe =
P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z =
53.68 KN/Sqm<5000KN/sqm
Hence safe.
1.65m
6.45m
10.6425 m2
(1/6)bd2 =
11.44 m3
For M20 grade of concrete permissible compressive stress in direct compreession is 5N/mm 2
i.e, 5000KN/sqm
For M20 grade of concrete permissible tensile stress in bending tension is -2.8N/mm 2
i.e, -2800KN/sqm
S.No
1
2
3
4
5
S.No
1
2
3
4
5
Type of load
Type of load
P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z =
Intensity in KN Eccentricity/Lever
(P)
arm
198.54KN
192.84KN
79.17KN
0.00
0.00
0.00
16.50KN
0.33KN
4.52
3.02
Intensity in KN Eccentricity
(P)
198.54KN
192.84KN
79.17KN
0.00
0.00
0.00
16.50KN
0.33KN
4.52
3.02
37.61 KN/Sqm>-2800KN/sqm.
Hence safe.
Stress at down stream side
edge of abutment =
P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z =
50.83 KN/Sqm<5000KN/sqm
Hence safe.
Type of load
198.54KN
-0.34
330.56KN
-137.72KN
192.84KN
0.015
79.17KN
0.380
Horizontal load acting/transferred on the abutment (H) composes of the following components
S.No
Type of load
Intensity in KN Direction x or y
Wind load
16.50KN
x-Direction
0.00KN
y-Direction
0.33KN
x-Direction
126.09KN
y-Direction
174.64KN
y-Direction
6.45m
1.50m
9.675 m2
(1/6)bd2 =
2.42 m3
For M20 grade of concrete permissible compressive stress in direct compreession is 5N/mm 2
i.e, 5000KN/sqm
For M20 grade of concrete permissible tensile stress in bending tension is -2.8N/mm 2
i.e, -2800KN/sqm
S.No
1
2
3
4
5
Type of load
S.No
1
2
3
4
5
Intensity in KN Eccentricity/Lever
(P)
arm
Type of load
-0.34
0.01
0.38
126.09KN
174.64KN
1.01
0.54
Intensity in KN Eccentricity
(P)
Stress at heel =
198.54KN
192.84KN
79.17KN
P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z =
198.54KN
192.84KN
79.17KN
0.34
-0.01
-0.38
126.09KN
174.64KN
1.01
0.54
31.51 KN/Sqm>-2800KN/sqm.
Hence safe.
Stress at toe =
P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z =
65.76 KN/Sqm<5000KN/sqm
Hence safe.
1.50m
6.45m
9.675 m2
(1/6)bd2 =
10.40 m3
1
2
3
4
5
Type of load
S.No
1
2
3
4
5
Intensity in KN Eccentricity/Lever
(P)
arm
Type of load
0.00
0.00
0.00
16.50KN
0.33KN
4.22
2.72
Intensity in KN Eccentricity
(P)
198.54KN
192.84KN
79.17KN
P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z =
198.54KN
192.84KN
79.17KN
0.00
0.00
0.00
16.50KN
0.33KN
4.22
2.72
41.85 KN/Sqm>-2800KN/sqm.
Hence safe.
Stress at down stream side
edge of abutment =
P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z =
Hence safe.
55.41 KN/Sqm<5000KN/sqm
Vertical load acting on the abutment (P) composes of the following components
S.No
Type of load
198.54KN
-0.34
265.22KN
-110.51KN
154.71KN
0.090
79.17KN
0.380
Horizontal load acting/transferred on the abutment (H) composes of the following components
S.No
Type of load
Intensity in KN Direction x or y
Wind load
16.50KN
x-Direction
0.00KN
y-Direction
0.33KN
x-Direction
126.09KN
y-Direction
174.64KN
y-Direction
6.45m
1.20m
7.74 m2
(1/6)bd2 =
1.55 m3
For M20 grade of concrete permissible compressive stress in direct compreession is 5N/mm 2
i.e, 5000KN/sqm
For M20 grade of concrete permissible tensile stress in bending tension is -2.8N/mm 2
i.e, -2800KN/sqm
S.No
Type of load
Intensity in KN Eccentricity/Lever
(P)
arm
198.54KN
-0.34
2
3
4
5
S.No
1
2
3
4
5
Type of load
0.09
0.38
126.09KN
174.64KN
0.71
0.24
Intensity in KN Eccentricity
(P)
Stress at heel =
154.71KN
79.17KN
P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z =
198.54KN
154.71KN
79.17KN
0.34
-0.09
-0.38
126.09KN
174.64KN
0.71
0.24
22.05 KN/Sqm>-2800KN/sqm.
Hence safe.
Stress at toe =
P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z =
89.68 KN/Sqm<5000KN/sqm
Hence safe.
1.20m
6.45m
7.74 m2
(1/6)bd2 =
8.32 m3
For M20 grade of concrete permissible compressive stress in direct compreession is 5N/mm 2
i.e, 5000KN/sqm
For M20 grade of concrete permissible tensile stress in bending tension is -2.8N/mm 2
i.e, -2800KN/sqm
S.No
1
2
Type of load
Intensity in KN Eccentricity/Lever
(P)
arm
198.54KN
154.71KN
0.00
0.00
3
4
5
S.No
1
2
3
4
5
Type of load
0.00
16.50KN
0.33KN
3.92
2.42
Intensity in KN Eccentricity
(P)
79.17KN
P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z =
198.54KN
154.71KN
79.17KN
0.00
0.00
0.00
16.50KN
0.33KN
3.92
2.42
48 KN/Sqm>-2800KN/sqm.
Hence safe.
Stress at down stream side
edge of abutment =
P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z =
63.74 KN/Sqm<5000KN/sqm
Hence safe.
V)Check for stability of abutments:a)Load Envelope-III:-(The Canal is dry,back fill intact with live load on span)
The following co-ordinates are assumed:a)x-Direction-----At right angle to the movement of vehicles
b)y-Direction-----In the direction of movement of vehicles
Vertical load acting on the abutment (P) composes of the following components
S.No
Type of load
198.54KN
0.415
205.79KN
0.120
338.96KN
0.415
79.17KN
0.380
822.46KN
Horizontal load acting/transferred on the abutment (H) composes of the following components
S.No
Type of load
Intensity in KN Direction x or y
Wind load
16.50KN
x-Direction
35.34KN
y-Direction
126.09KN
y-Direction
177.92KN
Check for stability against over turning:Taking moments of all the overturning forces about toe of the abutment wrt x-axis,
Moment due to tractive,braking&frictional resistance of bearings =
Factor of safety =
3.376949592
Check for stability against sliding:Total vertical load acting on the base of the abutment V b =
Total sliding force,ie,horizontal load on the abutment H b =
Coefficient of friction between concrete surfaces =
> 2.0
Hence safe
(As per clause 706.3.4 of IRC:78-2000)
b)Load Envelope-IV:-(The Canal is running upto HFL with no live load on span)
The following co-ordinates are assumed:a)x-Direction-----At right angle to the movement of vehicles
b)y-Direction-----In the direction of movement of vehicles
Vertical load acting on the abutment (P) composes of the following components
S.No
Type of load
198.54KN
0.415
205.79KN
-85.70KN
120.09KN
0.120
79.17
0.380
Horizontal load acting/transferred on the abutment (H) composes of the following components
S.No
Type of load
Intensity in KN Direction x or y
Wind load
16.50KN
x-Direction
0.00KN
y-Direction
126.09KN
y-Direction
174.64KN
y-Direction
Check for stability against over turning:Taking moments of all the overturning forces about toe of the abutment wrt x-axis,
Moment due to tractive,braking&frictional resistance of bearings =
Moment due to active earth pressure force =
Taking moments of all the restoring forces about toe of the abutment wrt x-axis,
Moment due to self weight of abutment =
Factor of safety =
4.532980823
> 2.0
Hence safe
(As per clause 706.3.4 of IRC:78-2000)
Check for stability against sliding:Total vertical load acting on the base of the abutment V b =
gs proposed
Moment
47.76
51.85
99.61
Moment
56.09
74.39
0
44.55
175.03
Moment
64.43
96.93
53.46
53.91
268.73
Moment
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6.8t
6.8t
3.00
ered as per
5380
255.00KN
14.81KN
83.54KN
353.36KN
Moment
49.88KNm
49.88KNm
152.48KNm
152.48KNm
11.81KNm
36.11KNm
4.63KNm
391.61KNm
848.86KNm
Moment
285.29KNm
285.29KNm
216.89KNm
216.89KNm
8.17KNm
8.17KNm
39.85KNm
224.73KNm
1285.25KN
f Resultant
odulus in transverse
0.2095
2.65KN
16.50KN
4.52m
3.02m
4.22m
1.650m
13.37KN/sqm
126.09KN
79.17KN
0.38m
g components
Location(Ht.from the
section considered).
(m)
4.52
4.22
3.02
Stress at heel
P/A(1+6e/b)
12.76
31.49
21.78
0
-50.95
15.08
Stress at toe
P/A(1+6e/b)
-2800KN/sqm.
5000KN/sqm
24.56
30.63
41.92
0
50.95
148.06
Stress at upstream
edge
P/A(1+6e/b)
18.66
31.06
31.85
0
-6.52
-0.09
74.96
-2800KN/sqm.
5000KN/sqm
18.66
31.06
31.85
0
6.52
0.09
88.18
omponents
Location(Ht.from the
section considered).
(m)
4.22
3.92
2.72
Stress at heel
P/A(1+6e/b)
14.03
28.94
23.95
0
-57.27
9.65
Stress at toe
P/A(1+6e/b)
-2800KN/sqm.
5000KN/sqm
27.01
25.12
46.12
0
57.27
155.52
Stress at upstream
edge
P/A(1+6e/b)
20.52
27.41
35.04
0
-6.69
-0.09
76.19
20.52
27.41
35.04
0
6.69
0.09
89.75
-2800KN/sqm.
5000KN/sqm
0.000
0.00
omponents
Location(Ht.from the
section considered).
(m)
3.92
3.62
2.42
Stress at heel
P/A(1+6e/b)
15.75
29.07
26.89
0
-82.63
-10.92
Stress at toe
P/A(1+6e/b)
35.55
23.62
60.7
0
82.63
202.5
-2800KN/sqm.
5000KN/sqm
Stress at upstream
edge
P/A(1+6e/b)
25.65
26.59
43.79
0
-7.77
-0.1
88.16
25.65
26.59
43.79
0
7.77
0.1
103.9
-2800KN/sqm.
5000KN/sqm
0.000
0.000
omponents
Location(Ht.from the
section considered).
(m)
4.52
0.00
3.02
1.31
0.84
Stress at heel
P/A(1+6e/b)
12.76
18.37
10.07
-56.56
50.1
34.76
Stress at toe
P/A(1+6e/b)
-2800KN/sqm.
24.56
17.87
4.81
56.56
-50.1
53.68
5000KN/sqm
18.66
18.12
7.44
-6.52
-0.1
37.61
-2800KN/sqm.
18.66
18.12
7.44
6.52
0.1
50.83
5000KN/sqm
0.000
0.000
omponents
Location(Ht.from the
section considered).
(m)
4.22
0.00
2.72
1.01
0.54
Stress at heel
P/A(1+6e/b)
14.03
20.21
11.08
-52.8
39.0
31.51
Stress at toe
P/A(1+6e/b)
-2800KN/sqm.
5000KN/sqm
27.01
19.65
5.29
52.8
-39.0
65.76
20.52
19.93
8.18
-6.69
-0.1
41.85
-2800KN/sqm.
5000KN/sqm
20.52
19.93
8.18
6.69
0.1
55.41
0.000
0.000
omponents
Location(Ht.from the
section considered).
(m)
3.92
0.00
2.42
0.71
0.24
Stress at heel
P/A(1+6e/b)
17.54
21.66
13.84
-58.07
27.1
22.05
Stress at toe
P/A(1+6e/b)
33.76
18.32
6.61
58.07
-27.1
89.68
-2800KN/sqm.
5000KN/sqm
25.65
19.99
10.23
-7.77
-0.1
48
25.65
19.99
10.23
7.77
0.1
63.74
-2800KN/sqm.
5000KN/sqm
omponents
Location(Ht.from the
section considered).
(m)
3.92
3.92
0.71
138.52Kn-m
89.89Kn-m
228.41Kn-m
148.17Kn-m
344.05Kn-m
201.52Kn-m
77.58Kn-m
771.32Kn-m
IRC:78-2000)
822.46KN
177.92KN
0.80
IRC:78-2000)
0.000
0.00
omponents
Location(Ht.from the
section considered).
(m)
3.92
0.00
0.71
0.24
0.00Kn-m
89.89Kn-m
89.89Kn-m
86.46Kn-m
41.91Kn-m
201.52Kn-m
77.58Kn-m
407.48Kn-m
IRC:78-2000)
373.89KN
126.09KN
0.80
IRC:78-2000)
Abutment
Abutment
7.00m
6.75m
257.44Kn
48.88Kn
90.76Kn
Wt.of abutments
Footing-I =
Footing-II =
Wt.of abutments =
118.80Kn
130.68Kn
411.58Kn
Total
Dead load stress =
22.39Kn/Sqm
11.4
11.4
2.7
1058.14Kn
1.2
3.2
1.925
0.625
7.00m
1.00m
1.625m
Eccentricity =
1.875m
20.13Kn/Sqm
Min.stress =
-5.03Kn/Sqm
42.52Kn/Sqm
Min.Stress =
17.36Kn/Sqm
10.00Kn/Sqm
7.20Kn/Sqm
59.72Kn/Sqm
42.52Kn/Sqm
17.36Kn/Sqm
29.94Kn/Sqm
29.94Kn/m
Design of Raft:The raft will be analysed as a continuous beam of 1m width with the loading
as shown below:-
0.975
5.05
0.975
UDL of 29.94Kn/m
After analysis the bending moment diagram is as given below:
115
20.2
115.00KNm
20.20KNm
Mu/0.133fckb =
185.97mm
400.00mm
337.50mm
Top steel:Mu/bd2 =
1.01
0.245
826.88sqmm
Bottom steel:Mu/bd2 =
0.177
0.15
506.25sqmm
Hence provide 10mm dia HYSD bars@ 125mm c/c spacing at bottom
and provide 12mm bars at 100mm c/c at top
Hence Ast provided at top =
Hence Ast provided at bottom =
1130.40sqmm
628.00sqmm
480.00sqmm
163.54mm
Hence provide 10mm dia bars @ 150mm c/c spacing at top& bottom as distribution steel
Hydraulic design
Hydraulic Particulars:1.Full supply Level
1.705
0.785
0.000067
5.Rugosity Coefficient(n)
(As per table 5 of IRC:SP 13)
0.025
0.430
2.135
2.605
5.500
Nil
0.920m
Bed width =
2.50m
2.93sqm
Wetted perimetre =
5.10m
Hydraulic Radius
R=
Velocity V =
1/nX(R2/3XS1/2)
Discharge Q =
AXV
Design Discharge =
3.880m
0.58
0.23m/sec
0.68Cumecs
0.680Cumecs
Design Velocity =
0.230m/sec
Ventway Calculations(H.F.L Condition):Assuming the stream to be truly alluvial,the regime width is equal to linear waterway required for the drain.
Hence,as per Lacey's silt theory,the regime width W = 4.8Q 1/2 = 4.8*0.680.5 =
3.96m
The actual top width is almost equal to the above regime width.Hence,the stream is almost truly alluvial in nature.
As per IRC:SP--13,the ventway calculations for alluvial streams are as given below:-
Assuming afflux =
x =
Width of channel at H.F.L(b+h) =
Clear span =
Effective linear water way =
di =
Depth of flow =
0.15m
3.88m
4.00m
4.00m
0.92m
(Vmax2/2g)X[di/(di+x)]2
0.002m
hi =
0.152m
0.90X(2ghi)1/2 =
Vv =
LWW = Qd/(VvXdi) =
LWW /LC
1.55m/sec
0.48m
0.12
Say---1 Vent
In alluvial streams,the actual width of the stream should not be reduced,as it results in enhanced scour
depth and expensive training works.
Hence No.of vents required as per the width of the stream at H.F.L=
0.97
1Nos
No.of piers =
0Nos
Scour Depth Calculations:As per the clause 101.1.2 of IRC:5--1985,the design discharge should be increased by 30% to ensure adequate
margin of safety for foundations and protection works
Hence,the discharge for design of foundations = 1.30XDesign Discharge =
ced scour
o ensure adequate
0.90Cumecs
0.200
0.225
0.85m
1.28m
2.48m
-0.77m
1.555m
-0.815m
Sin(a+Q)
sina
sin(a-q)
sin(Q+q)sin(Q-b)
sin(a+b)
0.3
Pa =
The pressure distribution along the height of the wall is as given below:Pressure due to
Surcharge load =
324
324
2.420m
1306.80
Total Active earth pressure force =
2365.31
0.94m
0.15
15
0.94m
2.420
90
0.30
10709.98Kgm
Mu/0.133fckb =
300.00mm
179.47mm
252.00mm
1.687
1060.92sqmm
0.421
1130.40sqmm
0.45
57.12KN
85.68KN
0.34 N/sqmm
337.50sqmm
272.18N/sqmm
0.45
1.5
10.5
0.24 <0.252
(Actually provided)
2.420m
2.420m
0.00m
1800Kg/Cum
M25
Fe500
30
90
0
15
0.60m
25N/sqmm
500N/sqmm
2.50m
0.30m
0.15m
n(Q+q)sin(Q-b)
1306.80Kg/sqm
2284.80Kg/m
611.88Kg/m
ally provided)