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The conquest of the central Middle East was quick but it was not a complete

success for the Muslims. The Byzantines were able to defend the Anatolian highlands
successfully from Arab conquest.129 Muawiyya,, the Arab governor of Syria from 644 to
Map 2: The Islamic Conquests

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661, led several expeditions by land and by sea to conquer Constantinople. Even

though his reconstitution of the Byzantine fleets at Alexandria and Tyre for Islamic
purposes led to the Muslim conquest of many of the eeastern
astern Mediterranean islands, his
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Gregory, 164-70.
Map 2: Islamic Conquests, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Muslim_Conquest.PNG.
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Muslim_Conq
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Muslim_Conquest.PNG

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