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At steady state
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q3
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q1
q2
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Thermal Conduction
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Heat conduction
through a large plane
wall of thickness x
and area A.
When x 0
One dimensional heat flow
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The thermal
conductivities
of liquids
usually lie
between
those of solid
and liquids
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Wiedemann-Franz law
Thermal conductivity Vs Electrical conductivity
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k
LT
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Thermal Diffusivity
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P=q
P (w)= VI
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Thermal Radiation
Radiation:
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=
+
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PROBLEM-SOLVING TECHNIQUE
Mathematical modeling of physical problems
Step 1: Problem Statement
Step 2: Schematic
Step 3: Assumptions and Approximations
Step 4: Physical Laws
Step 5: Properties
Step 6: Calculations
Step 7: Reasoning, Verification, and
Discussion
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Summary
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Convection
Newtons law of cooling
Radiation
StefanBoltzmann law
Simultaneous Heat Transfer
Mechanisms
Problem Solving Technique
Mathematical modeling of physical
problems
Tutorial Problems
Problem 1
One face of a copper plate 3 cm thick is maintained at 400 C,
and the other face is maintained at 100 C. How much heat is
transferred through the plate?
Given data: The thermal conductivity for copper is 374 W/mC
at 400 C and 395 W/mC at 100 C .
Assumption: The thermal conductivity for copper varies linearly
with temperature from 100 to 400 C
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Solution: Problem 1
Solution:
400 C
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3cm
Copper plate
100 C
q
Tutorial Problems
Problem 2
at 20 C blows over a hot plate 50 by 75 cm
maintained at 250 C. The convection heat-transfer
coefficient is 25 W/m2 C. Calculate the heat transfer.
Assuming that the plate is made of carbon steel (1%)
2 cm thick and that 300 W is lost from the plate
surface by radiation, calculate the inside plate
temperature.
Given data kcarbon steel = 43 W/m C
Air
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Solution: Problem 2
GIVEN: T = 20 C; Ts = 250 C; Area = (50 * 75 * 10-4) m2 ; h = 25 W/m2 C
= 25 * 50 * 75 * 10-4 * (250 20 )
= 2156.25 W.
qcond = qconv + qrad = 2156.25 + 300 = 2456.25 W.
2 cm
??
steel
20 C
250 C
q
Tutorial Problems
Problem 3
An
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Solution: Problem 3
Given: d = 0.001 m; L = 0.1 m; h = 5000 W/m 2 C; T =
100 C; Ts = 114 C
To find: q
Solution: From Newtons law of cooling,
q = h * A * (Ts - T)
= 5000 * ( 3.14 * 0.001 * 0.1) * (114 100)
= 21.98 W.
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Tutorial Problems
Problem 4
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Solution: Problem 4
Solution :T1 = 800+273 = 1073K , T2 = 300+273 = 573 K ,
= 5.669 x 10-8 w/m2K4,
Black body , = 1
q = A ( T14- T24)
Q = q/A = (5.669 x 10-8 ) (1) (10734 5734)
= 69034.73 W/m2
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Tutorial Problems
Problem 5
A
Given
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Solution: Problem 5
Given: d = 0.05 m , Ts = 50 C , Tsurr = 20 C , = 0.8 ,
h=6.5W/m2 C.
Heat loss by convection
q conv = h A (Ts Tsurr)
(q/L)conv = (6.5) () (0.05) (50-20)
= 30.63 W/m
Pipe is surrounded by large enclosure , So heat also transfer by
radiation q rad = A (Ts4-Tsurr4)
(q/L)rad = (5.669 x 10-8 ) (0.8) (3234-2934)
= 25.04 w/m
Total heat Loss (q/L) T = (q/L)conv + ( q/L)rad
= 55.67 W/m
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