Lauren Willey

Exercise Experiment

Thislabreportaddressesrestingbaselinedatacomparedtoexercisedatafromthe
cardiovascularandrespiratorysystem.Ourheartsworkhardtokeepourbodiesmovingby
transportingoxygenandnutrientsviatheblood.Ourheartbeatisthepumpingofblood
controlledbytheheart.Thenaturalconductionpathwayscausespreadoftheimpulseand
coordinatedcontractionoftheatriaandventricles.AnEKGprovidesagraphicalrecordingofthe
heart'selectricalactivity.TherearefivecomponentsofasinglebeatP,Q,R,S,andT.TheP
waveisthestartoftheprocesswithatrialcontraction.Thenventricularcontractionoccursand
representedbytheQRScomplex.Lastly,theTwaveresultsfromventricularrepolarization.Our
heartrateiscalculatedbycountinghowmuchpumpingourheartsdoinbeatsperminute.Lung
volumesarethevolumeofairassociatedwiththedifferentphasesoftherespiratorycycle.The
tidalvolumeistheamountofairinhaledandexhaledduringonenormalbreath.Themaximum
amountofairthatcanbeexhaledafteranormalexhalationistheexpiratoryreservevolume.A
vitalcapacityisthesumoftheinspiratoryreservevolume,expiratoryreservevolume,andtidal
volume.Theaveragetidalvolumeforahealthyadultis500mL,andexpiratoryvolumesaverage
1,200mL.Tomeasurelungcapacitiesandvolumes,onewoulduseaspirometer.Withoxygen
intake,cellularrespirationoccurstoformcarbondioxide.Thisproductisdiffusedoutofthecells
andintothebloodstreamwhere,whenitgetstothealveoli,itleavesthebodywhenweexhale.
Therefore,exhaledairhashigherlevelsofcarbondioxidethanatmosphericair.ThepHofblood
isdeterminedbytheconcentrationofhydrogenionspresent.Duringexercise,theselevels
increaseaswellastheheartrate.
Question:
Whatdifferencesinheartrate,EKGresults,respiratoryvolumes,andrespiratoryratewilloccur
when20jumpingjacksarecompleted.
Hypothesis:
Ifyoudo20jumpingjacks,yourheartratewillincrease,EKGwaveswillbeclosertogether,
respiratoryvolumeswillbelower,andrespiratoryratewillbefaster.

Materials:

Imagesshowmaterialsusedforalldatacollection.

SafetyPrecautions
Smallamountsofexercisewerecompletedforexperimentalexerciseportionofdatacollection.
Therewasapossibilityoflightheadedness,inwhichcasethesubjectwouldstop
experimentationandrest.Duringrespiratoryvolumedatacollection,spirometerbagmouthpiece
wascleanedafterusebyanothersubjectwith70%alcohol.WhilecollectingpHdata,theprobe
iskeptinanacidicsolution.Goggleswerewornatalltimes,andifanyskinwasexposedtothe
solution,itwaswashedoffwithwater.

Procedures
Tomeasurelungvolumesatrest,tidalvolumewasmeasuredbyinhalingoutsideofthebag,
thenexhalingintothebag.Airexhaledintothebagwasmeasuredbypushingtheairtothe
bottomofthebaganddeterminingtheamountincontents.Expiratoryreservevolumewas
measuredbytakingonenormalbreathin,thenexhalingasmuchaspossibleintothe
spirometerbag.Vitalcapacitywasmeasuredbyinhalingthreetimesinarowwithnoexhalation,
thenexhalingasmuchaspossibleintothespirometerbag.Breathsperminutewerecalculated
bycountingeachexhaleina60secondperiod.ThepHchangefromexhaledCO2levelswere
measuredbyfindingthecontrolpHof20mLofwaterviatheprobe,thenblowingbubbles
throughastrawinthewaterfor40seconds.TheprobewasthenkeptinthewateruntilpHlevel
ontheLabQueststoppedchanging.EKGwavedatawasanalyzedafterelectrodetabswere
placedintheappropriatespotsonthearms,thenred,black,andgreenelectrodeclipstothe
tabs.TheLabQuestthenanalyzedthesubjectsheartbeatthroughwaves.Thesubjectsbeats
perminuteswastakenbycountingeachbeatoverthedurationof60seconds.Allstepsabove
werethenrepeatedafterdoing25jumpingjacksforexercisedata.

Data:
Figure1

Figure1.ChartdisplaysrawEKGdataforatrestwaveanalysis.

Figure2

Figure2.ChartdisplaysrawEKGdataforafterexercisewaveanalysis.

Figure3

Figure3.Graphdisplaysthecomparisonofatrestandafterexercisewavetimes.

TheEKGgraphseachheartbeatasawave.Thosewavesarecomposedofseveral
smallerwavesandintervals.Thelengthofanintervalindicateswhetheranimpulseisfollowing
itsnormalpathway.Alongintervalrevealsthatanimpulsehasbeenslowedorhastakena
longerroute.Ashortintervalreflectsashorterroute.Ifthereisanabsenceofacomplex,the
electricalimpulsedidnotrisenormallyorwasblocked.Lackofnormaldepolarizationoftheatria
leadstoanabsentPwave.Abnormallyshapedcomplexesareduetoabnormalspreadofthe
impulsethroughthemuscletissue.Figure3(above)showsthetimedifferencesbetweeneach
interval.Thedatashowthatafterexercise,theintervalsareshortermeaningthatthereisless
timebetweenthem.Thisconcludesthatduetoexercise,thesubjectsheartrateincreased,
resultinginfastertimesandshorterintervals.Figures1and2alsoshowedthatthesubjects
beatsperminuteincreaseafterexercise.

Figure4

Figure4.Thetableaboveshowspersonalrawlungvolumedataatrest.Thetablealsoshowsbreathsper
minute,andCO
levelsatrest.TV=tidalvolume,ERV=expiratoryreservevolume,VC=vitalcapacity.

Figure5

Figure5.Tableshowspersonalrawlungvolumedataafterexercise.Thetablealsoshowsbreathsper
minute,andexhaledCO
levelsafterexercise.TV=tidalvolume,ERV=expiratoryreservevolume,VC=vital
capacity.

Figure6

Figure6.GraphdisplaystheaveragesofTV,ERV,andVCdatabeforeandafterexercise.

Figure6showsthetidalvolumeafterexercisehadincreased,whiletheexpiratoryvolumeand
vitalcapacitydecreased.Smallervolumescanbeduetoshorterheight,livingatloweraltitudes,
andobesity.Onaverage,menhavegreatercapacitiesthanwomen.Duringexercise,wetakein
largeramountsofair,andtheheartincreasesitsoutputresultinginpumpingmoreblood.When
youexerciseregularly,yourbodyismoreefficientattransportingandusingoxygen.After
twentyfivejumpingjacks,thesubjectsbreathsperminutehadincreasedtofortysixcompared
totwentytwo.ThepercentchangeofpHlevels(showninfigures4and5)alsoincreasedafter
exercise.Atrest,cellularrespirationproducecarbondioxideasawasteproduct.Increased
levelsofcarbondioxidestimulatepartsofthebrainstemtoincreasebreathing.Thisincreasein
breathingistokeepthebloodfullyoxygenated.Breathsperminuteandtidalvolumeincreasein
correlation.TheamountofCO
beingexhaledintothecupofwaterviabubblesafterexercise
increasedduetotheincreaseinbreathingandcellularrespiration.