SECTION 11 WORKING LOAD DESIGN FORMAT

11.1 General
11.1.1 General design requirements of Section 3 shall apply in this section.
11.1.2 Methods of structural analysis of Section 4 shall also apply to this Section. The
elastic analysis method shall be used in the working Stress design format.
11.1.3 The working design loads/stress shall be calculated applying respective partial
load factor for service load/working load in design calculations.
11.2 Tension Members
11.2.1 Actual Tensile Stress The actual tensile stress, ft, on the gross area of cross
section, Ag, of plates, angles and other tension members shall be less than or equal to the
smaller value of permissible tensile stresses, fat, as given below:
The actual tensile stress, ft = Ts / Ag
The permissible stress fat is smallest of the values as obtained below
i) As governed by yielding of gross section
fat = 0.6 fy
ii) As governed by rupture of net section
a) Plates under tension
fat = 0.69 Tdn / Ag
b) Angles under tension
fat = 0.69 Tdn / Ag
iii)
As governed by block shear
fat = 0.69 Tdb / Ag
where
Ts = actual tension under working (service) load
Ag = gross area
Tdn = design strength in tension of respective plate/angle calculated as given in 6.3
Tdb = design block shear strength in tension of respective plate/angle calculated by as
given in 6.4
11.3 Compression Members
11.3.1 Actual Compressive Stress The actual compressive stress, fc, at working
(service) load, Ps, of a compression member shall be less than or equal to the permissible
compressive stress, fac as given below:
The actual compressive stress, fc = Ps / Ae
The permissible compressive stress, fac = 0.60 fcd
where
Ae = effective sectional area as defined in 7.3.2
fcd = design compressive stress as defined in 7.1.2.1 (for angles refer 7.5.1.2)
11.3.3 Design Details Design details of the compression members shall conform to 7.3.
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11.3.4 Column Bases The provisions of Section 7.4 shall be followed for the design of
column bases, except the thickness of a simple column base, ts, shall be calculated as given
below:

t s 3w a 2 0.3b 2 / f bs

where
w = uniform pressure from below on the slab base due to axial compression
a, b = larger and smaller projection of the slab base beyond the rectangle circumscribing
the column, respectively
fbs = permissible bending stress in column base equal to 0.75 fy
11.3.5
Angle Struts Provisions of Section 7.5 shall be used for design of angle struts
except the limiting actual stresses as calculated in 11.3.1.
11.3.6
Laced and Battened Columns The laced and battened columns shall be designed
as per 7.6 and 7.7 except the actual stresses shall be less than permissible stresses as given in
11.3.1.

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