Maegan Sours and Mikayla Dudek

Lysosome Study Guide:

What is it?

A lysosome is a membranous sac of hydrolytic enzymes

Membrane bound organelle found in animal cells

What are they made up of?

Hydrolytic mixture
Lipid bilayer
Plasma membrane
Glycosylated membrane protein transports

Functions:

Digest and break down

macromolecules/polymers including: proteins,
nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids
Disposes of unwanted material through the
cytoplasm
Takes material from outside the cell or within
the cell
Recycle the cells own organic material with the
use of their hydrolytic enzymes
How are they made in the body?

Enzyme proteins are first created in the rough

endoplasmic reticulum
Then packed in a vesicle that takes them to the golgi
apparatus
Once there the golgi pinches off a very small vesicle,
the lysosome

Lysosomal Shortage Disease: a genetic disease which includes a group of

disorders that affect specific enzymes. These enzymes normally break down items
for reuse in the cells. If the enzymes are missing or don't work properly the items
can build up and become toxic. The result of gene mutation and is usually inherited
and they perturb lysosomal homeostasis. Leads to an abnormal storage of
macromolecules.

Phagocytosis?

Phagocytosis is the process by which a cell-- often a phagocyte or a protist-engulfs a solid particle to form an internal vesicle known as a phagosome
Lysosome contains active hydrolytic enzymes
Food vacuole fuses with lysosome
Hydrolytic enzymes digest food particle

Autophagy?

Autophagy is a normal physiological process in the body that deals with

destruction of cells in the body. It maintains homeostasis or normal
functioning by protein degradation and turnover of the destroyed cell
organelles for new cell formation.
Lysosome fuses with vesicle containing damaged organelles.
Hydrolytic enzymes digest organelle components.

Other Facts:

The word lysosome comes from the greek words lysis, meaning destruction,
and soma, meaning body.
Its practically impossible for a lysosome to malfunction. The only ways in
which a lysosome does not fully execute its job is if the cell is consuming too
much food or a genetic disorder is present.

http://www.mountsinai.org/patient-care/health-library/diseases-andconditions/lysosomal-storage-disease
http://www.biology4kids.com/files/cell_lysosome.html
http://view.ebookplus.pearsoncmg.com/ebook/launcheText.do?
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