Name: ___________________

Class: __________

Date: _______
Mrs. Shacalo

Human Biology and Health: Chapter One Review Sheet

Section One: Body Organization and Homeostasis:

1. Define the four levels of organization in the body, starting with the smallest.
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2.

Complete the table:

Tissue

Function

Example

Muscle

Nervous

Connective

Epithelial

3. Homeostasis-______________________________________________________________________
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4. Which system releases adrenaline and how does the release of adrenaline help maintain
homeostasis?
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5. The ______________________ is the organelle responsible for controlling the cells activities.
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6. Complete the table:

Organ System

Function

Endocrine
Nervous
Circulatory
Excretory
Muscular
Digestive
Skeletal
Respiratory

7. What does the skeletal system do for the:

a. Muscular system: ________________________________________________________
b. Respiratory system: ______________________________________________________
c. Circulatory system: _______________________________________________________
8. What does the muscular system do for the:
a. Skeletal system: __________________________________________________________
b. Respiratory system: _______________________________________________________
c. Circulatory system: _______________________________________________________
9. What does the respiratory system do for the:
a. Skeletal system: __________________________________________________________
b. Muscular system: _________________________________________________________
c. Circulatory system: ________________________________________________________
10. What does the circulatory system do for the:
a. Skeletal system: __________________________________________________________
b. Respiratory system: _______________________________________________________
c. muscular system: _________________________________________________________
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Section Two: The Skeletal System

1. The five major functions of the skeletal system are:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

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2. The 26 small bones that make up the backbone are called ______________________.
3. Cartilage- ________________________________________________________________________
4. Vertebral column- _________________________________________________________________
5. Joint- ____________________________________________________________________________
6. Ligament- ________________________________________________________________________
7. Complete the table:
Joint

Kind of Motion

Location in the body

Hinge

Ball-and-Socket

Pivot

Gliding

8. The bones in movable joints are held together by strong connective tissue called ______________.
Most joints have a second type of connective tissue called ____________________, which is more
flexible than bone.

9. The structure of a typical bone:

a. outer membrane - ______________________________________________________________
b. compact bone - ________________________________________________________________
c. spongy bone - _________________________________________________________________
d. red marrow - __________________________________________________________________
e. yellow marrow- ________________________________________________________________
10. The main minerals that are found in the bones are __________________ and _________________.
11. Draw a typical bone and label the following parts: periosteum, compact bone, spongy bone, and
marrow.

12. Are bones living? Explain your answer.

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13. What can you do to keep your bones healthy?
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14. Osteoporosis- _____________________________________________________________________
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15. The Bones:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.

Collarbone- _____________
Shoulder- _____________
Jaw- _______________
Upper arm- ______________
Lower arm- ______________
Upper leg- ______________
Lower leg- _______________
Kneecap- ______________
Wrists- _______________
Ankles- _______________
Fingers/Toes- _________________
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Section Three: Diagnosing Bone and Joint Injuries

1. Common skeletal injuries include:
a.
b.
c.

fracture- __________________________________________________________________
dislocation- ________________________________________________________________
sprain- ____________________________________________________________________

2. Complete the table:

X-Rays

MRI

How they work

Effects on body cells

Types of injuries
identified

3. Arthritis- ______________________________________________________________________
4. What are two ways to treat bone and joint injuries surgically?
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Section Four: The Muscular System

1. Involuntary muscles - _______________________________________________________________
2. Voluntary muscles - ________________________________________________________________
3. Complete the table:
Muscle

Characteristics

Voluntary/Involuntary

Striated or Not

Skeletal

Smooth

Cardiac

4. Tendon- _________________________________________________________________________
5. Give an example of how muscles work in pairs.
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6. How is exercise important in maintaining muscle strength and flexibility?
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Section Five: Skin

1. Five functions of the skin are:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

2. Epidermis- ________________________________________________________________________
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3. Dermis- __________________________________________________________________________
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4. What can you do to keep your skin healthy?
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5. Melanin-_________________________________________________________________________
6. Vitamin D- ________________________________________________________________________