GustavoMacias3rd

ExerciseExperiment
Intro
Thislabreportaddressestheanalysisofrestingbaselinedatacomparedtoexercise
fromthecardiovascularandrespiratorysystems.Tostart,thecardiovascularsystemcanbe
examinedusinganinstrumentknownasaEKG(electrocardiogram)thisinstrumentisa
graphicalrecordingoftheelectricaleventsoccurringwithintheheart.Inahealthyheart,thereis
anaturalpacemakerintherightatriumwhichinitiatesanelectricalsequence.Thisimpulsethen
passesdownnaturalconductionpathwaysbetweentheatriatotheAVnodeandfromthereto
bothventricles.TheelectricaljourneycreatesuniquedeflectionsintheEKGthattellastory
aboutheartfunctionandhealth.
Heartrateisknownaspulse,isthenumberoftimesaperson's
heartbeatsperminute.Anormalheartratedependsontheindividual,age,bodysize,heart
conditions,whetherthepersonissittingormoving.
Whenyourheartbeatstosendtheimpulse,
itpumpsbloodthroughyourbodytogiveittheenergyandoxygenitneeds.Astheblood
moves,itpushesagainstthesidesofthebloodvessels.
Lungvolumesmeasuretheamountofairinthelungswhenperformingacertain
function.Thelungvolumesthatcanbemeasuredusingaspirometerinclude
tidalvolume
(TV),
expiratoryreservevolume(ERV),andtotalcapacity(TC).Humanlungsizeisdeterminedby
genetics
,gender,andheight.Atmaximalcapacity,anaveragelungcanholdalmostsixlitersof
airbutlungsdontusuallyworkatmaximalcapacity.Youcanmeasurethesedifferentcapacities
ofalungbutperformingcertainexperiments.Carbondioxideisformedduringaerobiccellular
respiration.Carbondioxidethendiffusesoutcellsandentersthebloodstream.Then,itdiffuses
acrosspulmonarycapillariesandintothealveolileavingthelungswhenweexhale.ThepHof
bloodiscontingentupontheaccumulationofcarbondioxideinthebody.Thisexcessofcarbon
dioxidetherefore,resultsinadecreasedpHlevelmeaningahigheracidityinthebody.

Question:
Howdoesexerciseaffectthecardiovascularandrespiratorysystemwhatdoesitdo
tothetwosystems?
Hypothesis:
Ifexerciseisintroducedtothebody,thenthecardiovascularandrespiratorywill
workfastertoalleviatethestressbroughtonbytheexercise.

Materials
:(Figure1:Thisisapictureofthesafetymaterialsanddevicesweusedinthe
experiment.)

Safetyinformation
Keepafocusonyourprojectsandexperimentsdonotplay,joke,distractothers,or
engageinbehaviorthatcouldleadtoinjuryofyourselforothers.Usegogglesandlabaprons
wearappropriateclothinganddontwearloosegarmentsthatcancausespillsaswellas
opentoedfootwearorsandals.Useequipmentonlyasdirectedbythepaperreturnalllab
materialstotheirproperplacesafteruseandcleanyourlabspace.Also,learnthelocationand
useoftheeyewashfountain,fireextinguisher,safetyshower,evacuationroutes,cleanupbrush
anddustpan,andglass/chemicaldisposalcan.

Procedures
Anelectrocardiogramisquickandpainless.Attachthreeelectrodeswithtapetoyour
arms.Eachelectrodeisaboutthesizeofaquarter.Theseelectrodesareattachedtoelectrical
wires,whichareattachedtotheLabquest.Duringthetest,studentneedstobestill.Makesure
tobeasstillaspossibleandbreathenormally.Topreparethespirometer,cleanthenozzlewith
alcohol.Totakethetidalvolumetakeanormalinhalationthenbreathintothespirometer.To
taketheexpiratoryreservevolumetakeanormalinhalationthenbreathintospirometeruntilthe
subjectcannotexhaleanymore.Totakethevitalvolumetakethreeinhalationthenbreathinto
spirometeruntilthesubjectcannotexhaleanymore.WhenconductingthepH,measure20mL
ofwaterandpourintoacup,theninsertthepHsensorandtakethelevelofpHasacontrol.
Next,havethesubjectblowintothewaterwithastrawfor40seconds.Afterwardsallowtimeto
gobyforthepHlevelstostabilizeandtakethepH.Exerciseisintroducedforallthreelabsthe
timeofexerciseisfiveminutes.

Data:

BaselineCardiovascularData
:(Figure2)Thistableistherawdatacollectwhenthesubjectisat
restsittingstillandbreathingnormally.ThisdataiscollectedusingaECGsystemwitha
Labquest.


AfterExerciseCardiovascularData
(Figure3)Thistableistherawdatacollectrightafterwhen
thesubjectishasundergonefiveminutesofexercise.ThisdataiscollectedusingaECG
systemwithaLabquest.

(Figure4)ThisgraphillustratesthedifferenceofthebaselineECGdatatotheexerciseECG
data.Thisdataisthetimebetweeneachintervalofasinglebeat.

Analysisofcardiovasculardata
Inthecomparisonofthetwodatacollections,wecanseeanobviousdifference.IntheP
toRinterval,thebaselinetimeis0.11secondswhiletheexercisetimeis0.03secondsthereis
areductionintimeittakesfortheelectricalimpulsetotravelthroughtheSAnodetotheAV
nodethentheventricles.IntheQRSintervalweseenochange,thetimeoftwois0.7thiscould
meanthatwhetherexerciseisdoneornottheventricularcontractionmaintainsanindependent
speed.Next,lookingattheQtoTinterval,theobservercanseeareductionintimeasexercise
isintroducedthisleadstothesuspicionthatthesinglebeatiscompressedcomparedtothe
baselinesinglebeat.Finally,examiningtheRtoRintervaltheobserverisgivenevidencethat
thesinglepulseisshorterthanthebaselinedataandmorebeatsoccurinthesametime.

BaselineRespiratoryData
:(Figure5)Thistableistherawdatacollectwhenthesubjectisat
restsittingstillandbreathingnormally.ThisdataiscollectedusingaspirometerandapH
sensor.

AfterExerciseRespiratoryData:
(Figure6)Thistableistherawdatacollectrightafterwhenthe
subjectishasundergonefiveminutesofexercise.Thisdataiscollectedusingaspirometerand
apHsensor.


(Figure7)Thisgraphillustratesthedifferenceofthebaselinerespiratoryvolumedatatothe
exerciserespiratorydata.Thedataistheaveragevolumefromthreedifferenttrialsconducted
eachtime.
AnalysisofRespiratoryData
Tostart,comparingthetidalvolumeofthetwo,TVatrestis467mLwhiletheexercise
TVisat1,600mLangiganticincreaseisseenfromthedata.Thisincreasescanbeexplainby
thebodyreactingtotheexercisewhichleadstoanaccumulationofcarbondioxideinthebody.
Sothebodyworkstoalleviatethischange.Whenlookingattheexpiratoryreservevolumethe
atrestERVis1,767mLwhiletheexerciseERVis2,077mL.Whilethisincreaseisnotas
dramaticastheTVitstillisanincreasenonetheless.Thiscouldalsobeexplainedbythebody
workingtoalleviatetheconcentrationofcarbondioxideinthebloodstream.Finally,examining
thetotalcapacityofthetwo,theobservercanaslightincreaseoftheexerciseTCbutitslevelis
stillrelativelysimilartotheatrestTC.Observerscantheninferthatnomatterinexerciseis
conductedthatthetotalcapacityofthelungsisthesame.